阅读理解主旨大意题专练(二) (题干加黑的为主旨大意题)A (2016厦门市高中毕业班质量检查) These days, young people in some Englishspeaking countries are speaking a strange language, especially when communicating on social media.Look at these words chosen by The Washington Post：“David Bowie dying is totes tradge” and “When Cookie hugged Jamal it made me totes emosh.” Or this sentence：“BAE, let me know if you stay in tonight.”What on earth do they mean? Well, “totes” is a short form of “totally”. Similarly, “tradge” means “tragic” and “emosh” means “emotional”. It seems that, for millennials (千禧一代), typing in this form is not only timesaving but fashionable.As you can see, many millennial slangs (俚语) are formed by socalled “totesing” the systematic abbreviation (缩写 ) of words. The trend might have started with “totally” becoming “totes”， but it now has spread to many other English words.The origins of other millennial slangs are more complex than “totesing”. “Bae”， for example, has been widely used by AfricanAmericans for years. It can be an expression of closeness with ones romantic partner or, like “sweetheart”， for someone without romantic connection. After pop singer Pharrell used the word in his work, “bae” became mainstream.Some people might think millennial slangs lower the value of the English language, but Melbourne University linguist (语言学家) Rosey Billington doesnt agree. She says when people are able to use a language in a creative way, they show that they know the language rules well enough to use words differently. Two other linguists, Lauren Spradlin and Taylor Jones, share the same view. The two analysed hundreds of examples of totesspeak and discovered totesing has complex roots.It isnt simply an adult version of baby talk, nor a clever way to minimize your word count. Rather, it is a highly organized system that relies on a speakers mastery of English pronunciation. It is about sounds, follows sound system of English and has strict rules.1Why do young people like using eslangs?AThey are timeconsuming.BThey are in fashion.CThey are complex.DThey are in order.2Whats the authors purpose of mentioning “Bae” in Paragraph 5?ATo support that totesing is no baby talk.BTo analyse the usage of millennial slangs.CTo inform people how it became mainstream.DTo explain the complex origins of millennial slangs.3Which statement may Rosey Billington agree with?ATotesing is a loosely organized system.BMillennial slangs lower the value of English.CIts simply a clever way to reduce the word count.DTotesspeak requires a good command of English.4Whats the best title of the passage?AEslangs Catch on Among YouthBLinguists Disapprove of TotesingCMillennial Slangs Take the LeadDEnglish Has Greatly ChangedB (2016湖南省六校高三联考) “By nature men are nearly alike, by practicability they get to be wide apart” (Confucius). Men are by nature alike because, at the most basic level, human behavior is motivated by a desire to satisfy certain needs: physiological needs, security needs, love, selfesteem and selfactualization, etc. Men are social animals, and they live together in groups to satisfy their desires, forming certain types of behaviors. Our life process can be regarded as a culturalized (受文化熏陶) process to adjust ourselves to environment. Men are cultured animals. Different cultures have developed different ways of satisfying these needs different patterns of life. It is the different ways that frequently puzzle and sometimes alienate (离间) people who are looking in from the outside. That is the cultural diversity.No culture is wholly isolated, selfcontained and unique. There are important resemblances that originate in part from diffusion (the spread of social institutions from one society to another) and in part from the fact that all cultures are built around biological, psychological and social characteristics common to all mankind. Lyons refers to such common biological and cultural features as biological and cultural universals. That is why there is a greater or less degree of cultural overlap (重叠) between any two societies and why people from different cultures have the possibility to communicate with each other. Cultural similarities and differences are central to the study of communication between members of different cultural groups because they affect all intercultural and crosscultural communication.It has been clear that language is a part of culture and influenced by culture. If languages are shaped in part by the ideas processing capacities and social factors all people have in common, they should have certain feature in common linguistic universals. But to the extent that language is shaped by accidental properties of thought, technology and culture, features will also differ from language to language. For example, the ancients lacked dissection (解剖) and medicine knowledge and mistook “heart” as the control center