高考英语语法复习状语从句知识讲解一、什么是状语从句？状语从句是指一组扮演副词角色的词语。与所有从句一样，状语从句包含一个主语和一个动词。下面是一个简单的状语从句示例：Keep hitting the gong until I tell you to stop. 继续敲锣，直到我叫你停为止。将上面的例子与下面的类似句子进行比较，后者是一个带有普通副词（normal adverb）的例子。Keep hitting the gong hourly.(这段粗体字是普通副词normal adverb，不是状语从句adverbial clause）在上面两个例子中，状语从句和一般副词都告诉我们何时（when）敲锣。因此，它们都是时间副词。区别是一个从句，一个是普通副词。根据状语从句的类型进行了分类。二、时间状语从句（When?）时间状语从句表示事情发生的时间或频率。时间状语从句通常以下列从属连词（subordinating conjunctions）之一开头： after、as、as long as、as soon as、before、no sooner than、since、until、when 或 while。时间状语从句的连词使用起来比较麻烦，很容易弄混，后面还会有一篇文章专门进行讲解。当时间状语从句涉及未来时间时，主句中通常用 will/shall 表示未来，但从句（subordinate clause）中不使用 will/shall，而是根据意思使用一般现在时（simple present）或现在完成时（present perfect）。例如：Mr. Brown will telephone you (as soon as he returns / has returned).main clause subordinate adverbial clause of time当主句是祈使句（imperative）时，从句使用现在（完成）时。例如： Call me (when you know the results / as soon as you have finished the report).三、地点状语从句（Where?）地点状语从句表示事情发生的地点。地点状语从句通常以介词（如, in, on, near）或下列从属连词之一开头：anywhere, everywhere, where, or wherever.Examples:Anywhere the struggle is great, the level of ingenuity and inventiveness is high. 凡是斗争大的地方，聪明才智和发明创造的水平就高。I am not afraid of the pen, the scaffold, or the sword. I will tell the truth wherever I please. 我不怕笔杆子，不怕绞刑架，也不怕刀剑。只要我愿意，我就会在任何地方说出真相。四、方式状语从句（How?）方式状语从句说明如何做某事。方式（manner）状语从句通常以下列从属连词之一开头： 如 as、like 或 the way。as 和 like 的区别： as 表示 扮演.的角色（ in the role of）。Example: Jane has been working (as a sports trainer). Here Jane is a sports trainer. like 表示 与.相似（ similar to）。Example: Jane has been working (like a sports trainer). Here Jane isnt a sports trainer but she works in the same way as a sports trainer.注意：as a sports trainer 和 like a sports trainer 都是无谓语句（VERBLESS clauses），即没有动词成分。五、原因状语从句（Why?）原因状语从句为主旨提供了一个理由。原因状语从句通常以下列从属连词之一开头： 如 as, （由于）because,（因为）、 given,（鉴于）、 或 since.（ 因为）。Examples:I dont have a bank account because I dont know my mothers maiden name. 我没有银行账户，因为我不知道我母亲的娘家姓。Since you are like no other being ever created since the beginning of time, you are incomparable. 因为你与有史以来创造的任何其他生物都不同，所以你是无与伦比的。六、程度（Degree）状语从句程度状语从句说明某事的程度或进行比较。程度状语从句通常以下列从属连词之一开头：than,（比）、 as.as,（如.一样）、 so.as,（如此. ）等。Examples:A vacuum is a hell of a lot better than some of the stuff that nature replaces it with. 比起大自然的某些替代品，真空吸尘器要好得多。He is as smart as he is tall. 他既聪明又高大。She is not so bright as she thinks she is. 她并不像她自己认为的那么聪明。有时，程度状语从句中的动词可以不存在（not present）。例如：You are taller than I. (在这个例子中，动词 am 被省略了，这是允许的。）。You are taller than I am. (这是完整版本 full version.)You are taller than me. (这是口语版本colloquial version。)七、结果（Result）状语从句我们用 这样（“so that”）和 为了（“in order that”）来谈论目的。我们经常将它们与情态动词（modal verbs ）（can,would,will 等）一起使用。so that 比 in order that 更常见，in order that 更正式：Example 1: Ill go by car (so that I can take more luggage). We left a message with his neighbour (so that he would know wed called). (In order that you can sign the form), please print it out and mail it to this address.Example 2: We often leave out that after so in informal situations:Example: Ive made some sandwiches (so (that) we can have a snack on the way).在谈到未来时，我们可以在so that之后用一般现在时或 will/ll。而我们通常在 in order that 之后使用一般现在时来谈论未来：Example 1: Ill post the CD today (so that you get it by the weekend).(or . so that you will get it.)Example 2: We will send you are minder (in order that you arrive on time for your appointment).(or . so that you arrive on time. or . so that youll arrive on time.)So that (but not in order that) 也可以表示 结果如此（with the result that）。这种结构用于通过提及结果或后果（用that-clause）来强调事情的程度（用SO 或 SUCH A）。 SOso + adjectives or adverbs + that clauseE.g. The day is so terrible that we are going to stay at home.Her house is so far that we have to go by car.另外，在书面正式英语（written Formal English）中，SO 可以放在句首，后面是主语的倒装（INVERSION）。这种形式用于表示强调或强调某个观点。So clearly did he speak that I heard every word. (DID is used because it is a past tense)So stupid were her questions that I refused to answer. So interesting was the book that I couldnt stop until I finished it.SUCH ASuch a 修饰名词（可数名词和不可数名词，无论其前是否有形容词）。e.g. It was such a great painting that I had to buy it.在非正式的书面英语中，这种结构 SUCH A+ADJECTIVE+NOUN 可以用 SO+ADJECTIVE+A+NOUN 代替。e g. That is such a great restaurant.That is so great a restaurant.八、条件（Condition）状语从句条件状语从句说明主旨生效的条件。条件状语从句通常以 if（如果） 或 unless.（除非）开头。除非（unless）的意思是 如果不是（if not）。Example:(Unless it rains), Ill walk to work tomorrow. (or If it doesnt rain, Ill walk to work tomorrow.) Ill make dinner (unless somebody else wants to).(or Ill make dinner if nobody else wants to.)把动词放在前面：如果 if 分句中的第一个动词是 should、were 或 had，可以把这些助动词移到主语前面，省略 if。Example 1: (If you should need more information), please read our pamphlet. (Should you need