1 初中语法之名词掌握要点：名词的分类（专有名词和普通名词）名词的数1）区分可数名词和不可数名词，区分方法2）可数名词的复数变化，分为规则变化及不规则变化名词所有格含义、构成两种形式： s所有格及 of 所有格知识点：一、名词的分类1.专有名词：名字(人名、地名、书名、机构名)、与国家有关的(国家、国民、语言)、日期（节日、星期、月份）例句： My name is Lucy . I am a Chinese. I will go to the Great Wall on Monday . 2.普通名词 : 包括可数名词和不可数名词个体名词表示个体的人或事物例: sister、table、bike、window 可数名词集体名词表示一群人或一些事物例: family 、police、class、 group 物质名词表示构成物体的物质或材料例: water、air、wood 不可数名词抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等例: danger、interest 区分方法：将物体分成两半，如果每半不能叫原名，则为可数名词，如果还可叫原名，则为不可数名词。注：有些单词意义发生变化，单复数也发生变化，例：glass作玻璃杯时可数，作玻璃时不可数。身兼二职的名词对照表glass fish chicken time 可数玻璃杯鱼类小鸡次、倍不可数玻璃鱼肉鸡肉时间orange light paper hair 可数橘子电灯报纸 /试卷（几根）头发不可数橘汁光纸头发exercise idea life work 可数练习题主意 /意见生命著作不可数锻炼了解生活工作turkey radio youth experience 可数火鸡收音机青年人经历不可数火鸡肉无线电年轻、青春经验interest room 可数爱好房间不可数兴趣空间二、名词的单复数形式(1) 规则变化：名词的复数构成，通常是在单数形式后面加-s 或-es 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 6 页2 1、 一般情况在词尾直接加s , 例 bags。2、 以 s、 x、sh、 ch 结尾的词加 -es，例 bus-buses box-boxes。3、 以“ 辅音字母 +y” 结尾的词， y 变成 i 加 -es 例 city-cities ；以 “ 元音字母 +y” 结尾的词，直接加s。4、以 o 结尾的除potato(马铃薯 )、tomato(西红柿 )、hero(英雄 )加 es，其余直接加s。5、以 f 或 fe 结尾的词，多数变f 或 fe 为 v 加 es, roof 、proof 直接加 -s，例 life-lives wife-wives roof roofs。(2)不规则变化1、 单 词 拼 写 发 生 变 化man-men woman-women policeman-policemen foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice child-children 2、某国人变复数，口诀：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面例： an Englishman-Englishmen an American-Americans 3、单复数形式相同常用分以下几类：表示动物的名词deer 鹿， fish 鱼， sheep 绵羊， bison 野牛， crab 螃蟹表示人的名词Chinese 中国人， Japanese 日本人， Swiss 瑞士人， kin 亲属craft 及由 -craft 构成的名词craft 飞机， aircraft 飞机，spacecraft 太空船表示数量的名词Hundred 百，thousand 千，million百万，dozen 一打，score 二十其他series 系列； species 种类； means 方法(3)不可数名词一般只用单数，它不能与a/an 及数次搭配使用。表示数量时用量词搭配。例： a cup of coffee(一杯咖啡 ) two glasses of milk( 两杯牛奶 ) three pieces of paper(三张纸 ) four bottles of water( 四杯水 ) 三、名词所有格含义： 名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。表示形式： 一种是 s所有格，一种是of 所有格Beijing is China s capital.= Beijing is the captital of China. This is Tom s bike = This is the bike of Tom. Lily is the key s owner.= Lily is the owner of the key. 1、 s所有格构成单数名词及不以s结尾的复数名词， 只需在词尾加s， 如 Lucy s pen路西的钢笔Children s Day（儿童节）；以 s 结尾的复数名词，只加 , 如 the students books 学生们的书。2、几个人共有的东西，只需在最后一个人的名词后加s, 如 Lucy and Lily s bedroom(露西和莉莉的卧室)。表示各自所有，则每个名词都加s, 如 Lucys and Lilys desks(露西的桌子和莉莉的桌子)。典型例题讲解1. They got much _ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories 解析 : much 是用来修饰不可数名词的, A B D 三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式, C 项为不可数名词, 因此选 C. 2. I have two _ and three bottles of _ here. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 6 页3 A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges 解析 : orange 有两种含义 , 一种可数名词橘子, 另一种是不可数名词橘汁, 此题第一空应填可数名词, 第二空填不可数名词, 因此选C。3. Every evening M r. King takes a _ to his home . A. 25 minutes walk B. 25 minute s walkC. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk 解析 : 句中的minute 应该用其复数的所有格形式,只 +,而不能 +s,因此选 A。4. An old _ wants to see you. A. people B. person C. the people D. the person 解析 : person 与 people 都有”人”的意思 , 但用法不同 . “一个人”用“a person”, “两个人”用 “two persons”; people 泛指 “人们” 是集合名词 ,表示复数 , the people 指 “人民” , a people 指 “一个民族” . 应选 B。5. Help yourself to _. A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples 解析 : chicken 可用作可数名词指小鸡,用作不可数名词指鸡肉,根据词题意应理解为鸡肉;apple 为可数名词 , 故应 +s, 因此选 D。6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _. A. room s number B. rooms number C. room numbers D. rooms numbers解析 : room number 房间号码 . room 可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词. 类似的还有my phsics teacher, two bus drivers 等. 应选 C。7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _. A. family B. house C. home D. room 解析 : family 指的是家庭或是家庭成员; house 指的是房子 (住所 ); room 指的是房间 ;而 home 指的是家 , 因此选 C. 8. _ mothers couldn t go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai . A. Mary and Peter s B. Mary and PeterC. Mary s and Peter D. Mary s and Peters解析 : 此句中“mothers”是复数 ,表示两个人各自的母亲,因此应选D。9. Li Lei has been to _ many times this month. A. her uncl e B. her uncle s C. her uncles D. aunt s 解析 : 此句意为“李雷这个去她舅舅家多次”. 表示具体场所时, 可省去所有格后面的名词. 因此选 B。10. He is a success as a leader but he hasn t _ in teaching.A. many experiences B. much experience C. an experience D. a lot experience 解析 : experience 作 “经验”讲时是不可数名词, 作 “经历” 讲时是可数名词. 本句中应理解为“经验” ,因此是不可数名词,排除A C. 又因a lot of , lots of, plenty of 只用于肯定句, 不用于否定句 , 因此选 B。11. A classmate of _ was here ten minutes ago. A. you B. your C. your sister D. your sisters解析 : 此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选 D。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 6 页4 12. A group of _ are talking with two _. A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Germans ,Frenchmans C. Frenchmans , Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen 解析 : Frenchman 是复合词 ,其复数形式为Frenchmen; German 的复数为直接在单词末尾+S, 应选 A. 13.The team _ having a meeting . A. is B. are C. am D. be 解析 : team 是一个集合名词,即可表示复数意义(指整个小组 ) , 也可指小组中的成员(表示复数 ), 此题意为后者 , 因此选 B。14. “ Would you like _?” “ _, please.”A. drink, Three coffees B. a cup of drink, Coffees C. a drink, A coffee D. a drink, Three cups of coffees 解析 : drink 和 coffee 是不可数名词, 可以用 of 来表示数量 , eg, three cups of coffee, 当前面加a 时,则表示“一杯”因此选C。15. The Great Wall was made not only by _, but also the flesh and blood of _ men. A.earth and stone, millions of B. earths and stones, millions C. the earth and stone, million of D. the earths and stones, millions 解析： earth 是不可数名词，因此删除B D,数以百万的应为millions of . 因此选 A。名词练习题1. This is _ reading-room. A. the teacher s B. teacher s C. teacher s D. the teachers2. Nothing was found but _ broken. A. the room window B. the room s window C. the room of the window D. the window of room3. How many_ would you like? A. paper B. bread C. pieces of papers D. pieces of bread 4. He was praised for his _. A. brave B. bravery C. bravely D. great brave 5. Please get me a new _ when you go to town. A. clothes B. dress C. clothing D. trousers 6. There are 34_ doctors in the hospital. A. woman B. women C. woman s D. women s7. Some_ are even thinner than your little finger. A. bamboo B. bamboos C. kinds of bamboo D. kinds of bamboos 8. He was born in this town and now he lives in _. A. Building second B. Building Two C. the Building Two D. Building the Second 9. Old as he is, he has _to do every day. A. a lot of work B. much works C. lots of homeworks D. quite a lot of homeworks 10. Jack s room is furnished with _.A. new furnitures B. many new furnitures C. many new pieces of furnitures D. many new pieces of furniture 11. Have you read _newspaper yet? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 6 页5 A. today s B. Today sC. the today s D. your todays12. It s not far, only _walk from here to our school. A. a ten minutes B. ten minutes C. a ten minutes D. ten minutes13. Last month, he wrote me _letter. A. a 1000-word B. 1000 words C. a 1000-words D. 1000 words14. He had a _sleep yesterday. A. a good night B. a good-night C. a good night s D. good-nights15. _is not a long way to drive. A. Three miles distance B. Three-mile distance C. Three miles distance D. A three-mile-distance 16. His isn t fit for the work. Please get me _.A. something else B. somebody else C. someone else s D. somebody s else17. Do you know how large _ is? A. population of China B. Chinese population C. China population D. China s population18. _ is too much for the boy to carry. A. The box weight B. The box s weightC. The weight of the box D. The box of the weight 19. Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest _ shop? A. shoes B. shoe C. shoes D. shoe s20. What _ weather we re having these days!A. nice B. a nice C. a bad D. worse 21. They say that the meeting will be _. A. of very important B. great importance C. of great importance D. great important 22. I m going to call at _ this evening.A. Mr Black B. the Blacks C. Mr Black s D. Blacks23. What Darwin said was an attack on people s religious _.A. belief B. beliefs C. beliefs D. believs 24. There are some _waiting for you outside. A. German B. American C. grown-up D. Japanese 25. Their factory has developed a kind of _ to help people walk. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 6 页6 A. machine B. machines C. a machine D. the machine 26. There re many _ in my brother s album.A. leafs B. toys C. books D. stamps 27. Yesterday I went to the super market and bought a lot of _. A. tomatoes B. potatos C. vegetable D. meats 28. Upon hearing what I said, his _ rose. A. anger B. angry C. angrily D. angriness 29. Excuse me, can you change this _ for me? A. five-pound note B. five pounds note C. five-pound notes D. five pounds notes 30. You have to make _ for your journey A. preparing B. preparation C. a preparation D. preparations 31. While washing up, she broke a _. A. glass wine B. wine glass C. glass of wine D. wine of glass 32. You have worked out the plan and now we must put it into _. A. fall B. reality C. practice D. deed 33. Here s my card, Let s keep in _.A. touch B. relation C. connection D. friendship 34. I ll look into the matter as soon as possible, just have a little _.A. wait B. time C. patience D. rest 35. If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask him or her to leave a _. A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice 36. We walked all the _ to the museum. A. trip B. road C. way D. journey 37. Scientists are watching for the earliest _ of harmful _ on the world s weather.A. signs; effects B. marks; affect C. tracks; affections D. instance; effections 38. These young people are now making an active _ to save the old temple. A. part B. effortC. decision D. plan 39. Don t push to the front; you have to wait your _.A. chance B. dutyC. line D. turn 40. You need more _ to keep fit. A. practice B. trainC. exercises D.exercise 1-5 DADBB 6-10 BCBAD 11-15 ADACC 16-20 CDCBA 21-25 CCBDA 26-30 DAAAD 31-35 BCACA 35-40 CABDD 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 6 页