关于小升初英语过去进展时语法关于小升初英语过去进展时语法1) 概念：表示过去某时正在进展的状态或动作。2) 过去进展时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。3) 常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday,from nine to ten last evening, when, whileMy brother fell while he was riding his bicycle andhurt himself.It was raining when they left the station.When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun wasshining.1) Mary a dress when she cut her finger.A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes答案 C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，玛丽在做衣服时提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进展时。2) As she the newspaper, Granny asleep.read; was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading;was falling D. read;fell答案 B.句中的 as = when, while，意为当之时。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进展;一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。句中的 fell(fall 的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。英语语法经典例题 800 例：非谓语动词（例题 1）1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doingwhat we could a good college.A. enter B. to enterC. entering D. entered(1) They did what they could to fort her. 他们尽量抚慰她。(2) They did everything they could to save her life. 他们尽一切力量她的性命。(3) He studies as hard as he could to catch up with hisclassmates. 他拼命学习以便赶上他的同学。值得指出的是，这也并不是说今后只要遇到类似构造的题就一定选带 to 不定式。请看以下试题：(4) He ran as fast as he could to catch the early bus.A. to hope B. hopeC. hoping D. hoped此题的答案是 C 不是 A，其中的现在分词短语 hoping tocatch the early bus 用作伴随状语。(5) He spent every minute he could spoken English.A. practise B. to practiseC. practising D. practised此题答案选 C，这与前面动词 spent 的搭配有关，即spend (in) doing sth。假设将此句补充完整，即为 He spentevery minute he could spend in practising spoken English.(6) Before going abroad he devoted all he could D hisoral English.A. improve B. to improveC. improving D. to improving此题答案选 D，注意两点：一是 devote to 是固定搭配，意为“把奉献给”;二是其中的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时要用动名词。2. He knows nothing about it, so he cant help any ofyour work.A. doing B. to doC. being doing D. to be donecant help to do sth = 不能帮助做某事cant help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事又如下面一题，答案也是 B：She cant help the house because shes busy making acake.A cleaning B. to cleanC. cleaned D. being cleaned再请看以下试题：While shopping, people sometimes cant help intobuying something they dont really need.A. to persuade B. persuadingC. being persuaded D. be persuaded此题应选 C，句中的 cant help 意为“禁不住”(注意根据句意用被动形式)。3. All her time experiments, she has no time for films.A. devoted to do B. devoted to doingC. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing(1) devote 意为“致力于，献身于”，主要用 devoteto或 be devoted to，其中的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不用不定式。(2) 选 A 错误：假设将 do 改为 doing 那么可以。(3) 选 B 正确：all her time devoted to doing experiments为独立主格构造，用作状语。(4) 选 C 错误：因为 all her time 与 devote 为被动关系，故应将 devoting 改为 devoted。(5) 选 D 错误：假设单独看 All her time is devoted todoing experiments，此句并没有错，但问题是逗号前后两个简单句没有必要的连接方式，所以从整体上看仍不对，假假设在后一句的句首加上 and 或 so，那么可选 D，或将 D 将中的 is 改为 being 也可选它。英语语法经典例题 800 例：虚拟语气（例题）1. I forget where I read the article, or I it to younow.A. will show B. would showC. am going to show D. am showing2. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. .”A. Hed better give up drinkingB. He shouldnt have drunk so muchC. Health is more important than drinkD. I wonder why he is always doing so3. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So you if you had sohigh a fever.”A. do B. areC. will D. would(1) “so + 助动词 + 主语”是一个很有用的构造，它表示“也一样”时。如：He likes to watch TV, and so do I. 他喜欢看电视，我也一样。When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 当动植物消失的时候，人类也会随之消失。(2) 由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气(这是很重要的信息)，所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案应选D。英语语法经典例题 800 例：强调句（例题）1. that caused him to serve dinner an hour later thanusual.A. It was we being late B. It was our being lateC. It was we were too late D. It was because we werelateOur being late caused him to serve dinner an hour laterthan usual.注意，强调句的一个显著特点是，假设去掉强调构造 it iswas that，句子仍然成立;换句话说，该构造中的 that 不能充当句子成分。2. “How was they discovered the entrance to theunderground palace?” “Totally by chance.”A. it that B. he thatC. it when D. he whichIt was totally by chance that they discovered theentrance to the underground palace.比拟以下各题，它们也属强调句的特殊疑问句形式：(1) Who was it saved the drowning girl?A. since B. as C. that D. he答案选 C，被强调成分为 who，该句实为类似 It was Tomthat saved the drowning girl. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式(即对其中的 Tom 提问而得)。(2) What is it his daughter needs most?A. what B. which C. that D. if答案选 C，被强调成分为 what，该句实为类似 It is a bikethat his daughter needs most. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式(即对其中的 a bike 提问而得)。3. was very that little Jim wrote the letter.A. It, careful B. It, carefullyC. He, careful D. He, carefully(1) It was when she was about to go to bed thetelephone rang.A. since B. as C. that D. then答案选 C，被强调成分为 when she was about to go to bed这一时间状语从句。(2) It may have been at Christmas John gave Mary ahandbag.A. before B. who C. that D. when答案选 C，被强调成分为 at Christmas，其中的动词 be 采用了 may have been 这一较为复杂的形式。4. “Where did you find the professor who made thespeech yesterday?” “It was in the hall the studentsoften have a meeting.”A. where B. whichC. that D. when【陷阱】很可能误选 C，认为这是一个强调句，强调地点状语in the hall。【分析】假假设选 C，即有 It was in the hall that thestudents often have a meeting，该句的意思是“学生们通常是在大厅开会”，单独看这一句，无论是其意思还是其语法均未错，但假设将其与上文联系起来看，那么不通，因为上文的意思是“你是在哪儿找到昨天作报告的那位教授的?”假假设将答句改为 Itwas in the hall that I found the professor，那么完全可以。其实，此题的最正确答案是 A，where the students oftenhave a meeting 为定语从句，用以修饰其前的名词 the hall，句意为“是在学生们经常开会的那个大厅(找到教授的)”，这样语意就通顺了。5. It was what he meant rather than what he saidannoyed me.A. which B. asC. what D. that【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】此题为一个强调句型，空格处应填 that (即选 D)，被强调成分为 what he meant rather than what he said。句意为“让我生气的不是他说的话，而是他话中的意思”。请再看两例：(1) It was his nervousness in the interview probablylost him the job.A. which B. since C. that D. what答案选 C，为强调句型，被强调成分为 his nervousness inthe interview，句意为“很可能是面试时表现出紧张，使他失去了这份工作”。(2) It is the ability to do the job matters not whereyou e from or what you are.A. one B. that C. what D. it答案选 B，为强调句型，被强调成分为 the ability to dothe job，句意为“重要的是你做工作的能力，而不是你何地或你是从事什么工作的”。英语语法大全经典例题 800 例：名词性从句（例题）1. She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of usunderstood he said meant.A. that B. whatC. that that D. what what2. After had happened he could not continue to workthere.A. which B. howC. what D. havingHe pointed to looked like a tomb and said, “Ghost.”A. that B. whatC. which D. as3.“Is you want to say?” asked the teacher.A. this B. thatC. all that D. that all4. “When leave for Japan?” “When leave for Japanis kept secret.”A. they will, will they B. will they, they willC. they will, they will D. will they, will they(1) None knows if that boy, but if him, her parentswill be disappointed.A. she will marry, she will marry B. she marries, shemarriesC. she will marry, she marries D. she marries, she willmarry(2) “Where go to work?” “Where go to work is notknown.”A. we shall, we shall B. shall we, shall weC. shall we, we shall D. we shall, shall we5. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see .A. who is he B. who he isC. who is it D. who it isMr Smith is at the door. He wants to see you. 史密斯先生在门口，他想见你。Someone is at the door. It may be the postman. 有个人在门口，可能是邮递员。第一句因前面指明了是 Mr Smith，所以后面用代词 he;而第二句因前面用的是不定代词 someone，说明此人身份尚不明确，故其后用了代词 it 来指代。6. Dont you know, my dear friend, it is your moneynot you that she loves?A. who B. whichC. that D. what(1) Everyone knows, perhaps except you, your girl-friend is a cheat.A. who B. whichC. that D. what(2) I think, though I could be mistaken, she liked me.A. who B. whichC. that D. what(3) He told me the news, believe it or not, he hadearned $1 000 in a single day.A. that B. whichC. as D. because前面两题 that 引导宾语从句，后面一题 that 同位语从句(修饰 the news)。英语语法大全：特殊同位语归纳英语语法让很多学生都头疼，因为复杂难懂的句式和词组有时难以记忆。为大家了英语语法大全，本章主要介绍英语语法中的句子成分，希望对同学们的英语语法学习有所帮助。更多内容尽在。特殊同位语归纳当两个词或词组在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时，我们称它们为同位语。根本形式的同位语大家一般不会出错，但有几种同位语，或由于本身构造特殊，或由于它修饰的成分构造比拟特殊，往往会引起误解。现小结并举例说明如下，希望引起同学们的注意。1. 代词 we, us, you 等后接同位语Are you two reading? 你们二人在看书吗?They three joined the school team. 他们 3 人参加了校队。She has great concern for us students. 她对我们学生很关心。He asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你们男孩子安静些。We girls often go to the movies together. 我们女孩子经常一起去看电影。2. 不定式用作同位语Soon came the order to start the general attack. 很快下达了发起总攻的命令。(to start the general attack 与 theorder 同位)He followed the instruction to walk along a certainstreet where I picked him up. 他照吩咐沿某一条街走，我在那里接他上了车。(to walk along与 the instruction 同位)3. -ing 分词用作同位语Hes getting a job tonight driving a truck. 他今晚得到一个开卡车的差事。(driving a track 与 a job 同位)She got a place in a laundry ironing shirts. 她在一家洗衣店得到一个熨衣服的职位。(ironing shirts 与 a place 同位)The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. 第一个方案是夜袭，被回绝了。(attacking at night 与 the firstplan 同位)4. 形容词用作同位语The current affair, the biggest in its history, isbeing held in Guangzhou. 目前的交易会，是有史以来规模最大的，正在广州举行。He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chineseand foreign. 他读了很多书，古今中外都有。People, old and young, took to the streets to watch theparade. 老老少少的人都来到街头观看游行。【注】这类同位语与定语比拟接近，可转换成定语从句。如：The current affair, the biggest in its history, isbeing held in Guangzhou.=The current affair, which is the biggest in itshistory, is being held in Guangzhou.5. none of us 之类的构造用作同位语We none of us said anything. 我们谁也没说话。We have none of us large appetites. 我们谁饭量都不大。They neither of them wanted to go. 他们两人都不想去。Theyve neither of them sueeded in winning herconfidence. 他们两人谁也没能赢得她的信任。【注】同位语并不影响其后句子谓语的“数”，如：学生每人都有一本词典。正：The students each have a dictionary.误：The students each has a dictionary.请比拟下面一句(谓语用了单数，因为 each 为句子主语)：正：Each of the students has a dictionary.6. 从句用作同位语(即同位语从句)They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。I received a message that she would be late. 我得到的信息说她可能晚到。The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is nottrue. 明天放假的消息不实。The idea that you can do this work without thinking iswrong. 你可以不动脑筋做此工作的想法是错误的。