Confined SpacesOfficeofEnvironmentalHealth&SafetyEastCarolinaUniversity210EastFourthSt.Greenville,NC27858(252)328-6166safetyecu.eduRescuers Account for Over 60% of Confined Space FatalitiesConfined Space TragediesoThreeconstructionsupervisorsdiefromasphyxiationinamanhole.Oxygenlevels18.520andMethanelevels300600ppmTraining Outlineo oWhatisaConfinedSpace?o oConfinedSpacesonCampuso oConfinedSpaceHazardso oPPE&EquipmentRequirementso oTheEntryPermito oDutiesofAuthorizedEntrants,AttendantsandEntrySupervisoro oRescueandEmergencyServiceso oContractorsRegulatory RequirementoOSHA29CFR1910.146:Permit-RequiredConfinedSpaces-(Jan1993)o oIdentifyConfinedSpacesinWorkplaceIdentifyConfinedSpacesinWorkplaceo oIdentifyhazardsinthesespacesIdentifyhazardsinthesespaceso oIdentifyproceduresforcontrollingthesehazardsIdentifyproceduresforcontrollingthesehazardso oTrainemployeesonconfinedspaceentryTrainemployeesonconfinedspaceentryo oKeeprecordsofcompliance&trainingforallKeeprecordsofcompliance&trainingforallconfinedspaceactivitiesconfinedspaceactivitiesWhat is a Confined Space?oLargeenoughthatanemployeecanenterandperformassignedworkoHaslimitedorrestrictedmeansforentryorexitoNotdesignedforcontinuousemployeeoccupancyExampleso otankstankso opitspitso otunnelstunnelso ovaultsvaultso oboilersboilerso osewerssewerso oshaftsshaftso oventilationductsventilationductso ocrawlspacescrawlspacesPermit-RequiredConfined Spaceo oContainsorhasthepotentialtocontainaContainsorhasthepotentialtocontainahazardousatmosphereo oContainsamaterialthathasthepotentialforContainsamaterialthathasthepotentialforengulfinganentrantanentranto oInternalconfigurationthatmightcauseentrantInternalconfigurationthatmightcauseentranttobetrappedorasphyxiatedbytobetrappedorasphyxiatedbyinwardlyconvergingwallsorfloorthatslopesdownwardorfloorthatslopesdownwardandtaperstoasmallercrosssectionandtaperstoasmallercrosssectiono oContainsanyotherrecognizedseriousContainsanyotherrecognizedserioussafetyorhealthhazardECU Confined SpacesMain CampusNameDescriptionLocationPermit Required SpaceBoilers#1-4Boiler14thSt.SteamPlantYesDATankTank14thSt.SteamPlantYesCondensateTankTank14thSt.SteamPlantYesSteamTunnelManholeMainCampusYesAllSteamManholesManholeMainCampusYesAllElectricalManholesManholeMainCampusYesAllSanitarySewerManholesManholeMainCampusYesAllStormSewerManholesManholeMainCampusYesCrawlSpacesCrawlSpaceMainCampusNoSurgeTankVaultStudentRecCenterNoSteamCloudVaultJoynerLibraryPlazaNoECU Confined SpacesHealth Sciences CampusNameDescriptionLocationPermit Required SpaceAllManholesManholeHSCYesAllStormDrainLinesOpenLinesHSCNoBackflowVault-LSA#2VaultHSCNoBackflowVault-behindSteamPlantVaultHSCNoBoilers(#1,2,&3)BoilerUtilityPlantYesIncinerator(Upper&LowerChambers)ChamberUtilityPlantYesDATankTankUtilityPlantYesPipeChasebyHVACOfficeVSUtilityPlantYesHighVoltageUnderMainSwitchGearVTUtilityPlantYesFumeExhaustPlenumRoofVBBrodyYes8thFloorMech.RmP3ExhaustPlenumVSBrodyYesMechRm0031stFloorPitBiotechNoMechRm155TankTankWarrenLifeSciencesYesMechRm155PitPitWarrenLifeSciencesNoCourtyardSteamPitPitLeoJenkinsYesAllManholesandPitsManholeWestResearchYesAtmospheric HazardsoOxygenLevels-below19.5%orabove23.5%oFlammable/Explosiveexceeds10%ofLowerExplosiveLimit(LEL)oToxicSubstancesexceedPermissibleExposureLimits(PEL)Oxygen DeficiencyoNormalaircontains21%Oxygen(O2).AnO2levelof19.5%orlessisconsideredO2deficient.oAreductioninO2canbecausedbyrusting,decomposition,orreplacementbyanothergas.oLackofO2cancauseapersontocollapseanddie.Oxygen DeficiencyOxygen Content(% by volume)Signs and Symptoms(at Atmospheric Pressure)19.5%Minimum permissible levels that work can be performed without respirators. Below this level, workers shall be required to wear supplied air respirators.17%Hypoxia symptoms, accelerated breathing and heart rate appear14-16%Accelerated breathing, increased heart rate, poor muscular coordination, fatigue, impaired perception and judgment.12%Unconsciousness without warning, poor judgment, blue lips 6-10%Nausea, vomiting, and unconsciousness; 8 minutes 100% fatal; 6 minutes, 50% fatal; 4-5 minutes, recovery with treatment.6%Coma in 40 seconds, spasmatic breathing, convulsions, and deathOxygen Enrichmento oO2levelsabove23.5%areconsidered“OxygenEnriched.”o oOxygenEnrichedatmospherescreatefireandexplosionhazards.o oCauseflammablematerialssuchasclothingtoburnrapidlywhenignitedandmaycausenon-flammablematerialstoignite.Hydrogen Sulfide ExposureConcentrationEffect1 ppmSmell of rotten egg10 ppm8 hr. TWA15 ppm15 min. STEL100 ppmLose sense of smell300 ppmLoss of consciousness (approx. 20 min.)1000 ppmImmediate respiratory arrest, loss of consciousness, followed by deathCarbon Monoxide ExposureConcentrationEffect35 ppm8 hr. TWA200 ppmCeiling, faint signs of discomfort may begin to appear600 ppmHeadache and discomfort after 1 hour2500 ppmLoss of consciousness after approximately 30 minutes4000 ppmQuickly fatalCOPoisoningcanbereversedifcaughtintime.Welding in Confined Spaceso oContinuousventilationshouldContinuousventilationshouldbeprovidedintheconfinedbeprovidedintheconfinedspace.Pureoxygenshouldspace.Pureoxygenshouldneverbeusedforventilation.neverbeusedforventilation.o oConductcontinuousmonitoringConductcontinuousmonitoringthroughouttheentrytoensurethroughouttheentrytoensurethatthearearemainssafeforthatthearearemainssafeforentrants.entrants.o oGascylindersandweldingGascylindersandweldingpowersourcesshouldremainpowersourcesshouldremainoutsidetheconfinedspace.outsidetheconfinedspace. Remember to follow all Confined Space Entry and Welding Safety GuidelinesPhysical HazardsoEngulfmentoTemperatureExtremesoElectricalHazardsoNoiseoSlipperySurfacesEntryoEntryiswhenapersonpassesthroughanopeningintoapermit-requiredconfinedspaceoAnypartoftheentrantsbodybreakstheplaneofanopeningintothespaceBefore Entryo oVentilate,eliminate,orcontrolVentilate,eliminate,orcontrolthespacesatmospherichazardsthespacesatmospherichazardso oBlindordisconnectandcapallBlindordisconnectandcapallinputlinessothatnohazardousinputlinessothatnohazardousmaterialscanenterthespacematerialscanenterthespaceo oLockout/TagoutLockout/Tagouto oWhenentrancecoversareWhenentrancecoversareremoved,guardtheopeningremoved,guardtheopeningimmediatelyimmediatelyAtmospheric MonitoringoTestpermitspacebeforeentryoPeriodicallymonitorpermitspacetodetermineifentryconditionsaremaintainedoTestallareas(top,middle,&bottom)oObservestatusofexistinghazardsandthosecreatedduringentryoperationsPersonal Protective Equipment (PPE)oFull-bodyHarnessoRespirator(half-mask,PAPR,Air-lineRespirator,etc.)oTyvekSuitoGloves(Nitrile,Welding,etc.)oSafetyGlasses/GogglesEquipment Requirementso oTestingandmonitoringequipmentTestingandmonitoringequipmento oVentilatingequipmentVentilatingequipmento oCommunicationsequipmentCommunicationsequipmento oLightingequipmentLightingequipmento oBarriersBarrierso oEquipmentneededforsafeentryEquipmentneededforsafeentryandexitandexito oEmergencyequipmentEmergencyequipmento oOtherequipmentforsafeentryOtherequipmentforsafeentryThe Entry Permito oPermitmustbecompletedbeforeentryisauthorizedo oEntrysupervisormustsignthepermito oPermitmustbemadeavailableatthetimeofentrysoentrantscanconfirmthatpre-entrypreparationshavebeencompletedThe Entry PermitoDurationmaynotexceedthetimeidentifiedonthepermitoRetaineachcanceledentrypermitforatleast1yeartofacilitatereviewoftheprogramoProblemsencounteredduringentryshallbenotedonthepermitsothatappropriaterevisionscanbemadetotheprogramContents of The Entry Permit1.Permitspacetobeentered2.Purposeoftheentry3.Dateandtheauthorizeddurationoftheentrypermit4.Authorizedentrants5.Attendants6.EntrysupervisorwithaspaceforthesignatureContents of The Entry Permit7.Hazardsofthepermitspace8.Measuresusedtoisolatethepermitspaceandtoeliminateorcontrolpermitspacehazardsbeforeentry9.Acceptableentryconditions10.Resultsofinitialandperiodictests,namesorinitialsofthetestersandwhenthetestswereperformedContents of The Entry Permit11.Rescueandemergencyservices12.Communicationprocedures13.Equipment(personalprotectiveequipment,testingequipment,communicationsequipment,alarmsystems,rescueequipment,etc.)14.AnyotherinformationnecessaryinordertoensureemployeesafetyDuties of Authorized EntrantsoUnderstandallpotentialhazardsoKnowwhatequipmenttouse&howtouseitproperlyoCommunicatewithattendantregularlyoIftheunexpectedoccursalerttheattendantDuties of Authorized EntrantsEVACUATEtheconfinedspacewhen:oOrdertoevacuateisgivenbytheattendantortheentrysupervisoroEntrantrecognizesanywarningsignorsymptomofexposuretoadangeroussituationoEvacuationalarmisactivatedDuties of Attendantso o AttendantAttendant-stationed-stationedoutsidepermitspace;outsidepermitspace;monitorsentrantsmonitorsentrantso oKnowthehazardsincludingKnowthehazardsincludingsigns,symptomsandsigns,symptomsandconsequencesofexposureconsequencesofexposureo oContinuouslymaintainsContinuouslymaintainsaccuratecountofentrantsinaccuratecountofentrantsinpermitspacepermitspaceo oRemainsoutsidethepermitRemainsoutsidethepermitspaceduringentryuntilspaceduringentryuntilrelievedbyanotherattendantrelievedbyanotherattendantDuties of Attendantso oCommunicatewithentrantstomonitorentrantCommunicatewithentrantstomonitorentrantstatusandtoalertentrantsiftheneedtostatusandtoalertentrantsiftheneedtoevacuatearisesevacuateariseso oMonitoractivitiesinside&outsidethespaceandMonitoractivitiesinside&outsidethespaceandkeepunauthorizedindividualsaway.keepunauthorizedindividualsaway.o oSummonEmergencyServicesSummonEmergencyServiceso oPerformnon-entryrescueswhenapplicablePerformnon-entryrescueswhenapplicableandtheyhavetrainingandtheyhavetrainingo oPerformnodutiesthatmightinterferewithPerformnodutiesthatmightinterferewithprimarydutytomonitorandprotectentrantsprimarydutytomonitorandprotectentrantsDuties of Entry Supervisoro o EntrysupervisorEntrysupervisor-personresponsiblefor-personresponsiblefordeterminingifacceptableentryconditionsaredeterminingifacceptableentryconditionsarepresent,forauthorizingentry,overseeingentrypresent,forauthorizingentry,overseeingentryoperations,andforterminatingentryasrequiredoperations,andforterminatingentryasrequiredo oAnentrysupervisoralsomayserveasanAnentrysupervisoralsomayserveasanattendantorasanentrant,aslongasthatattendantorasanentrant,aslongasthatpersonistrainedandequippedtodosopersonistrainedandequippedtodosoo oKnowthehazardsincludingsigns,symptoms,andconsequencesofexposureDuties of Entry SupervisoroVerifythattheentrypermitiscomplete,alltestshavebeenconductedandallproceduresandequipmentareinplacebeforeallowingentrytobeginoVerifythatrescueservicesareavailableandthatthemeansforsummoningthemareoperableoRemoveunauthorizedindividualswhoenterorattempttoenterthespaceRescue and Emergency Serviceso oSelf-Rescueo oNon-entryRescueo oGreenvilleFire/RescueCall911o oECUshallinformGFRofthehazardstheymayencounteronsiteo oProvidetherescueproviderwithaccesstoallpermitspacessotheycandeveloprescueplansandpracticerescueoperationsRescue Equipmento oEachentrantshalluseafullbodyharness(andaretrievallineiffeasible)o oAmechanicalretrievaldevice(Tripod)shallbeavailableforverticaltypepermitspacesmorethan5feetdeepo oRetrievalsystemsshallbeusedunlesstheyincreasetheoverallriskofentryorwouldnotcontributetotherescueProgram Reviewo oReviewentryoperationswhenthereisreasontoReviewentryoperationswhenthereisreasontobelievethatmeasurestakenmaynotprotectbelievethatmeasurestakenmaynotprotectemployeesandrevisetheprogrambeforeemployeesandrevisetheprogrambeforesubsequententriessubsequententrieso oReviewthepermitspaceprogramannuallyandReviewthepermitspaceprogramannuallyandrevisetheprogramasnecessarytoensurethatrevisetheprogramasnecessarytoensurethatemployeesparticipatinginentryoperationsareemployeesparticipatinginentryoperationsareprotectedprotectedo oIfyouhaveanyquestions,concerns,orIfyouhaveanyquestions,concerns,orrecommendationsletyoursupervisorand/orrecommendationsletyoursupervisorand/orEH&Sknow.EH&Sknow.ECU Shallo oInformcontractorthatworkplacecontainspermitInformcontractorthatworkplacecontainspermitspacesandentryisallowedonlyincompliancespacesandentryisallowedonlyincompliancewithpermitspaceprogramwithpermitspaceprogramo oInformcontractorofthehazardsthatmaketheInformcontractorofthehazardsthatmakethespaceapermitspacespaceapermitspaceo oInformcontractorofprecautionsfortheprotectionInformcontractorofprecautionsfortheprotectionofemployeesinornearpermitspaceswhereofemployeesinornearpermitspaceswheretheywillbeworkingtheywillbeworkingo oCoordinateentryoperationswiththecontractor,Coordinateentryoperationswiththecontractor,whenbothUniversitypersonnelandcontractorwhenbothUniversitypersonnelandcontractorpersonnelwillbeworkinginornearpermitpersonnelwillbeworkinginornearpermitspaces.spaces.Contractors Shallo oAllcontractorsperformingworkinConfinedAllcontractorsperformingworkinConfinedSpacesonECUCampusSpacesonECUCampusmustmusthaveaConfinedhaveaConfinedSpaceProgram.SpaceProgram.o oContractorsContractorsmustmusthavetheirownequipmenthavetheirownequipmentincludingmonitoringdeviceandrescueincludingmonitoringdeviceandrescueequipment.equipment.o oCoordinatewithemployerwhenbothhostCoordinatewithemployerwhenbothhostpersonnelandcontractorpersonnelwillbepersonnelandcontractorpersonnelwillbeworkinginornearspacesworkinginornearspaceso oDebriefemployerattheconclusionofentryDebriefemployerattheconclusionofentryo oContractorshallinformtheemployeroftheofContractorshallinformtheemployeroftheofanyhazardsconfrontedorcreatedanyhazardsconfrontedorcreated QUESTIONS?safetyecu.edu328-6166Quiz1.WhichofthefollowingisnotaConfinedSpace?1.WhichofthefollowingisnotaConfinedSpace?A.BoilerA.BoilerB.ManholeB.ManholeC.TankC.TankD.SmallMechanicalRoomD.SmallMechanicalRoom2.Theleadingcauseofdeathinconfinedspacesaccidentsis2.TheleadingcauseofdeathinconfinedspacesaccidentsisA.AsphyxiationA.AsphyxiationB.BurnsB.BurnsC.ElectrocutionC.ElectrocutionD.FallsD.Falls3.ThehighertheO3.ThehighertheO2 2levelinsidethespacethebetter.levelinsidethespacethebetter. (True/False)(True/False)4.Ifyouneedtoenteraspacebriefly“justtotakeaquicklook,”youdo4.Ifyouneedtoenteraspacebriefly“justtotakeaquicklook,”youdonotneedapermit.(True/False)notneedapermit.(True/False)5.5.Oneofthecharacteristicsofaconfinedspaceisthatitisnotdesignedforpeopletoworkincontinuously.(True/False)6.ItisOKfortheAttendanttogototheshopforsupplies/partsaslong6.ItisOKfortheAttendanttogototheshopforsupplies/partsaslongasthemonitoringresultsarewithinacceptablelimits.(True/False)asthemonitoringresultsarewithinacceptablelimits.(True/False)7.Ifyougetapermitforaparticularconfinedspaceforoneday,butdontuseit;youcansaveitforthenexttimeyouneedtoenterthatspace.(True/False)8.Atmospherictestingoftheconfinedspacemustbedoneatthe_.A.TopB.MiddleC.BottomD.Alloftheabove.9.WhenweldinginaconfinedspaceA.EH&SmustbenotifiedwhenpermitisrequestedB.PureO2shouldbeusedtoventilatethespaceC.AllWeldingSafetyaswellasConfinedSpaceGuidelinesshouldbefollowedD.A&ConlyE.Alloftheabove10.WhenacontractorisworkinginaconfinedspaceoncampusA.ThecontractormusthavetheirownCSProgramB.ThecontractorshouldbepreventedfromenteringthespaceiftheydonothaveallthenecessaryequipmentC.IfacontractorisenteringthespacewithECUemployees;itisOKfortheECUemployeetomonitorforallentrantsD.A&BOnlyE.Alloftheabove