牛津英语小学基础语法大全人称代词 口述：代替人或物的词叫做人称代词单数复数第一人称I 我we 我们第二人称you 你you 你们第三人称he 他They 他她、它们she 她it 它任务： 1、口头练习 2、填入相应的人称代词。3AM1U4 M2U1 中间be 动词一、定义：英语中的be 动词就是汉语中的“是”。二、 举例1、I am a teacher. 我是一名教师。 2、You are a student. 你是一名学生。3、He is a boy. 他是一个男孩。4、She is a girl. 她是一个女孩。5、It is a bird. 它是一只小鸟。6、We are friends. 我们是朋友。7、You are friends. 你们是朋友。8、They are friends. 他她 它们是朋友。引出分类： is, am, are 三、口诀：我用am，你用 are，is 跟着他她它，男他 ,女她 ,动物它，要问复数用什么，一律使用一个are。四、缩写： I am = I m You are = Youre He is = He s She is = Shes It is =It s We are = Were You are = Youre They are = Theyre 五、习题。1、I _ a student. 2、He _ a boy. 3、Kitty _ a cat. 4、How _ you? 5、They _ desks. 6、It _ a book. 7、What _ your name? 8、I _ fine. 9、We _ girls. 10、 You _ Lucy. 11、Ben _ ten. 12、The apple _ on the tree. 13、You _ very late. 14、It _ yellow. 15、They _ red. 16、Alice and Peter _ students. 17、Miss Wang _ a teacher. 18、I _ here. 19、Spotty _ a dog. 20、She _ grandma精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 10 页. 3A M2U2 be 动词引导的陈述句1、 定义：陈述一项事实的句子。2、 分类：肯定句：表示肯定意义的句子解释。否认句：表示否认意义的句子解释。3、 特点：1首字母大写。2句子以“ .” 句号结尾。3读成降调。4、 练习：区分陈述句是陈述句的区分是肯定句还是否认句1 Is this a car? 2 They are desks. 3 She is a girl. 4 He isnt Ben. 5 It isn t on the desk. 6 The apple is red. 7 Whats your name? 8 My father and my mother are in the park. 9 Are you Kitty? 10 How are you? 5、 肯定句与否认句的相互转换1 肯定句转化为否认句：方法：找出be 动词，在be 动词后面加not。eg. The orange is green. The orange is not green. 2 否认句转化为肯定句：方法：去掉be 动词后面的not。eg. You are not a teacher. You are a teacher. 6、 缩写1 am not 无缩写。2is not=isnt 3are not=arent 7、 练习：肯定句与否认句相互转换1He is in the zoo. 2My name is Lucy. 3She isnt happy. 4I am not ten. 5We arent good students. 6Kitty is my good friend. 7My grandma isn t in the room. 8Im tall. 9You are Ben. 10The bird isnt in the tree. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 10 页be 动词引导的一般疑问句1、 定义：以推测口吻提问的句子。eg. Are you a teacher? 2、 特点：1以 be动词开头，首字母大写。2以“？”结尾。3句子读升调。4用“ yes”或“ no”答复，再做简略答复。 eg. Is she tall? Yes, she is. No, she isnt. 强调 yes 和 no 后面的逗号3、 肯定句与一般疑问句之间的转换1 肯定句变一般疑问句方法：1找到 be动词，将be 动词提前，并大写首字母。2原句中剩下的单词按原顺序照抄，句尾加“？”3注意： I we you, my your be 动词随人称的变化而变化。 eg. I am happy. Are you happy? Yes, I am. No, I am not. 练习： (1) They are girls. (2) It is an elephant. (3) Ben is nine. (4) I，m Dotty. (5) The cat is small. (6) My bag is big. (7) We are friends. (8) The banana is yellow. (9) You are Kitty Li. (10) She is my grandma. 2 一般疑问句变肯定句方法：1找到主语。 主语：一句话中主要说的人或者事物2将主语提前，大写首字母。3剩下的句子按原顺序照抄。大写变小写，问号变句号4注意： I we you, your my。Be 动词随人称的变化而变化。 eg. Is it your book? It is my book. Are you girls? We are girls. Are you a girl? I am a girl. 练习：将一般疑问句变成肯定句1Are they friends? 2Is Alice a student? 3Is Sam hungry? 4Is she eight? 5Are you boys? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 10 页6Is Lily a girl? 7Is he your father? 8Is Mr Li happy? 9Are you a baby? 10Is this your cat? 3A M1 名词单数变复数一、 名词定义：表示事物名称的词。二、 分类：可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词又可分为单数和复数。三、 名词单数变复数(1) 一般情况下 , 词尾加 -s, bookbooks bagbags (2) 以 s, x, ch, sh, 结尾加 -es, busbuses boxboxes watchwatches brushbrushes (3) 以辅音字母 +y 结尾 , 把 yi 加 es, babybabies (强调 boyboys) (4) 以辅音 f/fe 结尾 , f/fev+es leafleaves wifewives 四、练习3AM4U2 have, has 用法1 have, has翻译为有。2 have 用于第一人称，第二人称，第三人称复数。 e.g.: I have a mother. You have a pen. We have a teacher. They have books. 3 has用于第三人称单数。 简称单三e.g.:He has a bag. She has a bird. It has six legs. 4 练习用 have, has填空1Jim a ruler. 2) My mother a cat. 3) The dog a long tail. 4) They three books. 5) You a pencil. 6) He a sister. 7) My teachers biscuits. 8) Ben and Kitty a dog. 9) The boy a ruler. 10) I a head. 特殊疑问句3A 结束一定义 表示一无所知, 直接提问的句子。二结构：特殊疑问词组+不完整的一般疑问句eg.: How are you? How old are you? 三特点1特殊疑问词组开头2以问号结尾3读成降调4直接答复四常见的特殊疑问词组精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 10 页1what 什么对物提问2who 谁对人提问3where 哪里对地点提问4) how 怎么 怎样对方式提问5what colour 什么颜色对颜色提问6what shape 什么形状对形状提问7) how old 多大对年龄提问8what time 几点对时间提问9how many 多少对可数名词的数量提问10 how much 多 少对 不 可 数 名 词 的 数 量 提 问多 少钱对价格提问11 whose 谁的对物或人的主人提问12 which 哪一个对特指的人或物提问eg. 1) What is this? 这是什么2) Who are you ? 你是谁？3Where is he? 他在哪里？4) How are you? 你好吗？ How do you go to school? 你怎样去学校？5What colour is the cat? 这只猫是什么颜色？6) hat shape is it? 它是什么形状？7How old are you? 你多大了？8What time is it? 几点了？9How many chicks are there? 有多少只小鸡？10 How much water is there? 有多少水？ How much is the book? 这本书多少钱？11Whose dog is it? 它是谁的狗？12 Which book do you like? 你喜欢哪本书？五题型：对划线部分提问It is a book 步骤 : 1) 翻译原句。它是一本书。2) 将划线部门盖上，再翻译一遍。它是3) 找出特殊疑问句词 组代替部分。 它是什么？确定 “什么” 为特殊疑问词即 “what4) 特殊疑问词what 提前，大写首字母。5) 原句中剩下的单词变成一个不完整的一般疑问句，故在what 后面。句尾加“？”What is it? My bag is yellow. What colour is your bag? (注意 What colour, my 变 your) 六练习。1He is ten. 2) Im fine. 3) Kitty is my sister. 4)It is five o clock. 5) It is a triangle 6) The book is on the desk. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 10 页7) The apples are ten yuan. 8) His father is a teacher. 9) There are three birds in the tree. 10) My shoes are red. 3BM1U1 can 的用法 翻译成能，会; 否认形式：不能，不会。cant = cannot = can not can 引导的句式4 种 ： 肯定句： I can . 否认句： I cant 一般疑问句： Can you ？肯定答复： Yes,can. 否认答复： No,cant. 特殊疑问句： I can see apples.(对划线部分提问) What can you see? 练习：汉译英 我能看见一个苹果。 我不能看见。 你能看见一个桌子吗？是的，我能。不，我不能。 她能看见什么？3BM1U2 冠词 a, an a/an译成一个只.。 a 用在以辅音因素开头的单词前 a pen an用在以元音因素开头的单词前 an apple 练习： a bird/bus/car/nose/telephone an orange/apple/eye/ear/ice-cream/umbrella 3BM2U3 物主代词口述：表示代替物的主人的词单数 复数第一人称 我的 my 我们的 our 第二人称 你的 your 你们的 your 第三人称 他的 his 他们的 their 她的 her 它的 its 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 10 页4A M2U1 名词所有格口述：用“我的” ， “你的”引出“Lucy 的” 口述定义：名词所有格表示名词与名词之间的所属关系。 用法：A. 通常情况下，在名词末尾加“s”,译为“ , 的” 例： Lily s cat. B. 以 s 结尾的单词后加“ ” 例： two teachers book C. 表示两个人共同所有的人或物，在最后一个名词后加“s”例：Lily and Lucy s father. D. 表示两人分别所有的人或物，在每个名词后加“s”例：Lily s and Lucys rooms. 练习：1. That s (Ben) pencil. 2. Is she (Tom) (mother) friend? 3. These are (children) bags. 4. The room is (Tom and Jim). 5. These are (Kitty) and (Alice) bicycles. 6. 这是 Ben 的球。7. 我妈妈的车是红色的。8. 这两个男孩的自行车是新的。9. Thats (I) (father) car. 10.(you) sister and (Leo) sister are good friends. 4AM2U2 一般现在时一、定义：一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态。例子：我喜欢苹果。 I like apples. 二、动词形式：1、动词原形2、动词第三人称单数形式三、动词第三人称单数形式变法：1、一般情况下加“s”2、以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾，加 es 3、以辅音字母加y 结尾的单词，变y 为 i 加 es 4、不规则变化的动词：have-has do-does go-goes 四、练习：1、Lucy and Lily (like) dogs. 再变否认句和一般疑问句及答复精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 10 页2、Ginger (not like) dogs. 变肯定句3、My father (have) a red car. 变否认句，疑问句及答复4、your mother (like) cats? 5、She (watch) TV at home. 变否认句，疑问句及答复6、Kitty s brother (play) football everyday. 否认句，疑问句及答复4AM3 1、数词从 150112 one two three four five six seven eight nine ten 1319 -teen 结尾 /ti:n/ 20 30 40 50 ty 结尾口述单词写法几十几十位加个位连字符例： 21 twenty-one 45 forty-five 2口诀：要求统一背英语数词不难记，找出规律就容易 112 词各异，一个一个单独记。后面加 teen边十几， thirteen fifteen 看仔细。Eighteen 只有一个t，两个音节念清晰。20-90 后加 ty /, twenty 不同重点记。Forty 去掉字母u， thirty fifty 要注意。十位数后个位数，表示数值几十几。按序排列不费力，连子符号莫丢弃。巧学妙记加毅力,hundred 是你的好成绩。3 默写 1-50 4 玩数 7 游戏练习数字4AM3 there be 句型I have a book 我有一本书There is a book on the desk . 桌子上有一本书。引出there be 句型表示“某处有某物”there be 两种形式译为“有” there is there are eg: There is a book on the desk . There are books on the desk . (老师口述is 后加单数 are 后加可数名词复数) 四大句式：肯定句：eg: There is a cat in the room . There are two girls in the classroom . 否认句 ：be +not eg :There isnt a cat in the class room There arent two gils in the classroom 一般疑问句：eg : Is there .,Yes, there is /No, there isn t.Are there .,Yes, there are /No, there arent. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 10 页特殊疑问句：how many+ 可数名词复数eg :There is an apple on the tree There are two apples on the tree 两句问法一样问句：How many apples are there on the tree ？五就近原则 There is a pencil and two rubbers on the desk . There are two rubbers and a pencil on the desk .让学生填空引出就近原则六 练习有十七把椅子否认、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句有四十个男孩否认、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句书包里有多少本书？ There some water in the bottle. There some eggs and bread on the plate . There is a lion and two tigers and elephants in the zoo . 5AM2U3 序数词(1) 数词：基数词：表示数目的词。 one 序数词：表示顺序的词。 First (2) 表 格 ：基 数 词序 数 词序 数 词 缩 写基 数 词序 数 词序 数 词 缩写 one first 1st seventeen seventeenth 17th two second 2nd eighteen eighteenth 18th three third 3rd nineteen nineteenth 19th four fourth 4th twenty twentieth 20th five fifth 5th twenty-one twenty-first 21st six sixth 6th twenty-two twenty-second 22nd seven seventh 7th twenty-three twenty-third 23rd eight eighth 8th twenty-four twenty-fourth 24th nine ninth 9th twenty-five twenty-fifth 25th ten tenth 10th twenty-six twenty-sixth 26th eleven eleventh 11th twenty-seven twenty-seventh 27th twelve twelfth 12th twenty-eight twenty-eighth 28th thirteen thirteenth 13th twenty-nine twenty-ninth 29th fourteen fourteenth 14th thirty thirtieth 30th fifteen fifteenth 15th thirty-one thirty-first 31st sixteen sixteenth 16th (3) 口诀：基变序有规律，词尾加上th；一二三特殊记，first, second, third ；八去 t, 九去 e, f 来把 ve 替；单词 ty 来结尾，一律变y 为 ie, 词尾再加th；十位数后个位数，只变个位就可以。5AM2U3 日期表示法(1) the +日(序) +of+ 月 the twentieth of November 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 10 页(2) 月+日 November twentieth/20th ( 注：读时有the ) (3) 在日期前用on 5BM1U3 物主代词this is my book 引出 my 为形容词性物主代词this is your /her /his /its /our /their book . 简单复习形容词性物主代词物主代词分形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词对应写出mine yours his hers its ours theirs my =my book 5BM2U3 一般过去时用例子： I am at school. 引出： I was at school yesterday. (一般过去时 ) (一) 定义：表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。(二) be 动词变化形式：am, is was arewere (三) 句式：1. 肯定句： She was ill yesterday. 2. 否认句： She wasnt ill yesterday. (was not=wasn t / were not = werent) 3. 一般疑问句：Was she ill yesterday? Yes, she was. / No, she wasn t. (四) 练习：1. Lucy and Lily _ at home yesterday. 2. I _ here at half past ten, now it s 11:00. 3. _ Ben tired yesterday? ( 做答复 ) (五) 时间状语： yesterday, last year 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 10 页