介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。介词的功能介词的功能 1, The boy over there is Johns brother. (定语) 2, The girl will be back in two hours. (状语) 3, Our English teacher is from Australia. (表语) 4, Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语) 表示方位的介词表示方位的介词：in, to, on1.in表示在某地范围之内。e.g. Shanghai is/lies in the east of China. 2.to表示在某地范围之外。e.g. Japan is/lies to the east of China.3.on表示与某地相邻或接壤。e.g. Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. l 表示地点的介词表示地点的介词 (1) at, in, onat一般指小地方； in一般指大地方或某个范围之内； on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。e.g. He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. They arrived at a small village before dark. There is a big hole in the wall. The teacher put up a picture on the wall. (2) over, above, on over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方 above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方， on指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。 e.g. There is a bridge over the river. We flew above the clouds. They put some flowers on the teachers desk. 3）across, through across和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边” . across表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。 through表示动作是在三维空间进行。 e.g. The dog ran across the grass. The boy swam across the river. They walked through the forest. I pushed through the crowds. 4) in front of, in the front of in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”， 在某个范围以外。 in the front of 表示“在的前部”， 在某个范围以内。e.g. There are some tall trees in front of the building.The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom. 表示计量的介词：表示计量的介词：at, for, by1.at表示“以速度”“以价格”。e.g. It flies at about 900 kilometers a hour. I sold my car at a high price.2.for表示“用交换，以为代价”。e.g. He sold his car for 500 dollars. 注意：at表示单价(price)，for表示总钱数。 3.by表示“以计”，后跟度量单位。e.g. They paid him by the month. Here eggs are sold by weight. 表示材料的介词：表示材料的介词：of, from, in 1.of成品仍可看出原料。e.g. This box is made of paper. 2.from成品已看不出原料。e.g. Wine is made from grapes. 3.in表示用某种材料或语言。e.g. Please fill in the form in pencil first. They talk in English.注意：in指用材料，不用冠词； 而with指用工具，要用冠词。 表示工具或手段的介词：表示工具或手段的介词：by, with, on1.by用某种方式，多用于交通。如by bus乘公共汽车，by e-mail. 注意：表示搭乘交通工具时，用by时不用冠词，用in时要用冠词。e.g. I went there by bus/in a bus. 注意：当这些交通工具名词前有其它修饰词时，则应使用相应的介词。e.g. by bike = on a (the; his) bike by car = in a (the ; her) car 注意：in this way 用这种方式 in a positive way 以一种积极的方式 2.with表示“用某种工具”。e.g. He broke the window with a stone. 注意：with表示用某种工具时，必须用冠词或物主代词。 3.on表示“以方式”，多用于固定词组。e.g. They talked on the telephone. She learns English on the radio/on TV. 表时间的介词表时间的介词（1）at, in on 表示时间点用at,e.g. at six oclock, at noon, at midnight。 表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。e.g. in the nineteenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon, etc. 表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。e.g. on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning, etc.（1）介词与动词的搭配）介词与动词的搭配 listen to , laugh at, get to, look for; wait for, hear from, worry about, think of, look after, spendon, etc.（2）介词与名词的搭配）介词与名词的搭配 on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on ones way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。一些固定搭配：一些固定搭配：（3）介词与形容词的搭配）介词与形容词的搭配 be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for, etc.Exercise1, The boys felt sad as they lost _ the girls in the talk show. A. by B. in C. to D. on 答案 D. 2, Look the map China the wall, please. A. after, of, in B. at, of, in C. after, in, on D. at, of, on 答案 D. 3 , We won the relay race. And there was a big smile our teachers face. A. off B. near C. on D. between 答案 C. 4 - Please remember to come to my birthday party. - I see. Ill come Saturday evening. A. in B. at C. on D. for 答案 C. 5, Lets hurry， or well be late schoolA. to B. at C. with D. for 6, The twins got on well their classmates.A. to B. in C. with D. about 答案 C. 答案 D.7, They will have a moths test two daysA. for B. at C. in D. after 答案 C.8, How many English words had you learnt last term?A. by the end of B. at the end ofC. to the end of D. till the end of 答案 A. 9, John hit Jack face. A. on the B. in the C. on his D. in his 答案 B.10, Dont shout the old woman. You should be more polite herA. to, at B. at, to C. in， for D. from， for 答案 B. 11, We must be strict our selves everythingA. with， in B. in， with C. with， to D. to， of 答案 A. 12, Mr. Black got to Hangzhou a few daysA. in B. after C. on D. at 答案 B. 13, A little monkey is playing a tree and there are a lot of bananas itA. on, on B. in，on C. on, in D. in，in 14, I cant do this work well Toms helpA. under B. for C. without D. from 答案 B. 答案 C.