初中英语名词复数可数名词有单数（Singular Form ）和复数 (Plural Form) 两种形式。表示一个人或物用单数形式，表示一个以上的人或物用复数形式。1一般在词尾加-s。s 在浊辅音后面读z，在清辅音后面读s，在 t后与 t一起读 ts，在 d后与 d一起读 dz。例如：book books 书day days 天、日dog dogs 狗tree trees 树2以 s，sh，ch， x 结尾的词在词尾加-es，读 iz例如：glass glasses 玻璃杯watch watches 手表box boxes 盒子brush brushes 刷3以 o 结尾的词有些加-es ，读 z；有些加 -s，读 s。例如：tomato tomatoes 西红柿potato potatoes 土豆photo photos 相片radio radios 收音机zoo zoos 动物园4以 f 或 fe 结尾的词，先把f 改为 v，再加 es ，读 vz 。例如：knife knives 小刀leaf leaves 树叶life lives 生命thief thieves 小偷5以辅音字母加y 结尾的，先把y 改为 i，再加 -es，读 z。例如：story stories 故事city cities 城市family families 家庭baby babies 婴儿注意： boy boys 男孩toy toys 玩具key keys 钥匙6有些名词有不规则的复数形式。例如：man men 男人woman women 妇女tooth teeth 牙齿foot feet 脚7有些名词的单复数形式相同。例如；deer deer 鹿sheep sheep 绵羊Chinese Chinese 中国人Japanese Japanese 日本人8有些学科名词虽以s 结尾，但通常都做单数名词看待。例如：physics 物理maths 数学politics 政治news 新闻9有些单数形式的名词具有复数的含义，要当作复数看待。例如：people 人们，人民police 警察public 公众练习精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 10 页一、写出下列名词的复数形式。movie life knife fryleaf photo radio piao zoo tomato potato bus watch box book map cat film door month horse picture class boy tooth woman eye tooth German Chinese man football child classroom monkey Frenchman 二、选择填空：1. There are some _ on the hill. A. sheeps B. a sheep C. sheep D. sheepes 2. Mr Black often gives us _ by Email. A. some good information B. some good informations C. good informations D. a good information 3. There are some new books in the school library. They are _ books. A. child B. childrens C. children D. childrens 4. I have worn out my shoes, so I want to buy a new _ . A. pair B. one C. ones D. trousers 5. Meimeis handwriting is better than any other _ in his class. A. students B. students C. students D. students 6. The hospital is a bit far from here. Its about _ . A. forty minutess walk B. forty minutes walk 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 10 页C. forty minutes walk D. forty minutes walk 7. How many _ are there in your class ? A. Japanese B. American C. Australian D. Canadian 8. I found my black cat in_ room. A. Jim and Mike B. Jim and Mikes C. Jims and Mikes D. Jims and Mike 9. How much are the _ ? A. bread B. meats. C. potatos D. tomatoes 10. There are many _ in our school. A. woman teachers B. womans teachers C. women teachers D. womens teachers 11. Three months _ a long time for me. A. is B. are C. have D. has 12. There are _ and _ on the table. A. two boxes cake; four bottle of oranges B. two boxes cake; four bottle of orange C. two boxes of cakes; four bottles of orange D. two box of cakes; four bottles of oranges 三、选择填空：1.They are_ A:man doctor B:men doctors C:men doctor D:man doctors 2There are five_ in the hill. A:sheep B:sheeps C: goose D:deers 3 Those white socks_small. A:are B:is C: am D:do 4We have many_in our school. A:woman teacher B:women teachers C: woman teachers D:women teacher 5Do you like _? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 10 页A:vegetable B: vegetables C:an vegetable 6How many_do they have? A:picture B: pictures C:a picture 7There are six _in the room. A:volleyball B:volleyballs C:a volleyball D:volleyballs 8Are these _teachers? A:woman B:women C:womans 9It is _. A:milk B:a milk C:an molk D:milks 10Itsa _.It isn tan _. A:apple, egg B;cake,egg C:egg,orange, D:egg,cake 11Tom and Jim are _. A:friends B:friend C:brother D:sister 12Where are his _?_the dresser. A:keys ,They are on B:key, They are on C:keys, It is at D:key,It is in 13Are those your _? A:bookes B:boxs C:apples D:apple 14There is _in our room. A:a picture and five maps B:five maps and a picture C:two pictures and five maps D: two picture and fivemap 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 10 页初中英语语法大全一、名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：一）在后面加s。如： fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二） x, sh, ch, s, tch后加 es。如： boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三） 1）以辅音字母加y 结尾的变y 为 i 再加 es 如： baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories 2）以元音字母加y 结尾的直接加s。如： day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四） 以 o 结尾加 s （外来词）。 如： radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o 的加 es： 如: tomatoes西红柿 , potatoes马铃薯五）以 f 或 fe 结尾的变f 为 v 再加 es(s) 。如： knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子 , Chinese, Japanese 七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police 警察局，警察, class 班，同学 , family 家，家庭成员九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man 或 woman 所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如： man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish 鱼 fishes 鱼的种类 , paper 纸 papers 报纸，卷子，论文, work 工作works 作品， 工厂 , glass 玻璃glasses 玻璃杯，眼镜 , orange 桔子水oranges 橙子 , light 光线lights 灯, people人 peoples 民族 , time 时间times 时代 , 次数 , chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡十一）单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s 或s。如： Is (Is), Ks (Ks)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如： IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二）特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen 二、名词的格1当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：一）单数在后面加s。如： brother s, Mike s, teachers 二）复数以s 结尾的直接在s 后加 ，如果不是以s 结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers Day教师节 , classmates ; Childrens Day六一节 , Womens Day 三八节三）由 and 并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Ben s room 迈克和本的房间（共住一间），Mikes and Ben s rooms 迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 10 页2代词项目人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词人称主格 宾格形容词名词性第一人称单数I me my mine myself 复数we us our ours ourselves 第二人称单数you you your yours yourself 复数you you your yours yourselves 第三人称单数she her her hers herself he him his his himself it it its its this that itself 复数they them their theirs these those themselves 3动词A） 第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：一）一般在词后加s。如： comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二）在 x, sh, ch, s, tch后加 es。如： watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三） 1）以辅音字母加y 结尾的变y 为 i 再加 es。如： study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2）以元音字母加y 结尾的直接加s。如： plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys 四）以 o 结尾加 es 。如： does, goes 五）特殊的有：are-is, have-has B） 现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：一）一般在后加ing。如： spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二）以不发音e 的结尾的去掉e 再加 ing。如： dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show showing, draw-drawing ）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如： put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四）以 ie 结尾的变ie 为 y 再加 ing。如： tie-tying 系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于4形容词的级我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：一） 一般在词后加er 或 est(如果是以e 结尾则直接加r 或 st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter shortest, taller tallest, longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 10 页二）以重读闭音节结尾且1 个元音字母 1 个辅音字母 (字母组合除外， 如 few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est 。如： big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三）以辅音字母y 结尾的变y 为 i 加 er/est 。如： happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四）特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远) good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill worse worst little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest 5数词(基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y 结尾，变为i, eth跟上去。 ) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth 二、句式1.陈述句肯定陈述句a) This is a book. (be动词 ) b) He looks very young. (连系动词 ) c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词 ) d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词 ) e) There s a computer on my desk. (There be结构 ) 否定陈述句a) These aren t their books. b) They dont look nice. c) Kate doesnt go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate cant find her doll.e) There isnt a cat here. (=Theres no cat here.) 2. 祈使句肯定祈使句a) Please go and ask the man. b) Lets learn English! c) Come in, please. 否定祈使句a) Dont be late. b) Dont hurry. 3. 疑问句1) 一般疑问句a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad? d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading? 肯定回答 : a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is. 否定回答 : a) No, he isnt. b) No, you cant. c) No, she doesnt. d) No, they dont. e) No, she isn t. 2) 选择疑问句Is the table big or small? 回答It s big./ Its small. 3) 特殊疑问句 问年龄How old is Lucy? She is twelve. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 10 页 问种类What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies. 问身体状况How is your uncle? He is well/fine. 问方式How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K. How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones163.com. 问原因Why do you want to join the club? 问时间What s the time? (=What time is it?) Its a quarter to ten a.m. What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five oclock. When do you want to go? Let s go at 7:00. 问地方Where s my backpack?It s under the table. 问颜色What color are they? They are light blue. Whats your favourite color? It s black. 问人物Who s that?It s my sister. Who is the boy in blue? My brother. Who isn t at school? Peter and Emma. Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? 问东西What s this/that (in English)?It s a pencil case. What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers. （11）问姓名What s your aunts name? Her name is Helen./Shes Helen. Whats your first name? My first names Ben. Whats your family name? My family names Smith. 12 问哪一个Which do you like? I like one in the box. 13 问字母What letter is it? It s big D/small f. 14 问价格How much are these pants? Theyre 15 dollars. 15 问电话号码Whats your phone number? It s 576-8349. 16 问谓语 (动作 ) What s he doing?Hes watching TV. 17 问职业 (身份 ) What do you do? I m a teacher. Whats your father?Hes a doctor. 三、时态1、一般现在时表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有：Be 动词： Shes a worker. Is sh e a worker? She isn t a worker. 情态动词： I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can t play the piano. 行为动词： They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don t want to eat any tomatoes. Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesnt have a watch. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 10 页2、现在进行时表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它。Theyre listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren t listening to the pop music.A）名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：一）在后面加s。如： fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二） x, sh, ch, s, tch后加 es。如： boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三） 1）以辅音字母加y 结尾的变y 为 i 再加 es 如： baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories 2）以元音字母加y 结尾的直接加s。如： day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四） 以 o 结尾加 s （外来词）。 如： radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o 的加 es： 如: tomatoes西红柿 , potatoes马铃薯五）以 f 或 fe 结尾的变f 为 v 再加 es(s) 。如： knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子 , Chinese, Japanese 七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police 警察局，警察, class 班，同学 , family 家，家庭成员九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man 或 woman 所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如： man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish 鱼 fishes 鱼的种类 , paper 纸 papers 报纸，卷子，论文 , work 工作works 作品，工厂 , glass 玻璃glasses 玻璃杯，眼镜 , orange 桔子水oranges 橙子 , light光线lights 灯, people 人 peoples 民族 , time 时间times 时代 , 次数 , chicken 鸡肉chickens 小鸡十一）单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s 或s。如： Is (Is), Ks (Ks)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如： IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二）特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen B）名词的格当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：一）单数在后面加s。如： brother s, Mike s, teachers 二）复数以s 结尾的直接在s 后加 ，如果不是以s 结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers Day教师节 , classmates ; Childrens Day六一节 , Womens Day 三八节精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 10 页三）由 and 并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个s，I m playing b aseball. Are you playing baseball? I m not playing baseball. Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn t writing a letter. Are they listening the pop music? They aren t listening to the pop music.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 10 页