语法复习二（从句）语法复习二（从句）一、宾语从句一、宾语从句二、定语从句二、定语从句三、状语从句三、状语从句宾语从句宾语从句A.位于动词后面，起宾语作用位于动词后面，起宾语作用B. 引导词：引导词：1、由、由that 引导陈述句性的宾语从句，连词引导陈述句性的宾语从句，连词that只起连只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义。接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义。如：如：I told him that he was wrong.2、由连词、由连词if、 whether 引导的表示是否的宾语从句。引导的表示是否的宾语从句。whether，if 在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和和if 可以替换。可以替换。如：如： I dont know if/whether he will come tomorrow. 宾语从句中有宾语从句中有or not时不用时不用if引导，只能用引导，只能用whether.例：例：I dont know whether the movie star will come or not. 3. 由由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词引导的宾语从句。连接代词who，whom，whose， what， which，和连接副词，和连接副词when, where， why， how 等连接的宾语从句，它们在句中即有连等连接的宾语从句，它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。例：例：Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定语做定语)I dont know where he lives. (where 做地点状语做地点状语)C. 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序，既连接词宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序，既连接词+主语主语+谓语谓语+其他成分其他成分例：例：He asked me whether I was a teacher.They wanted to know what they can do for us.D. 宾语从句的时态。宾语从句的时态。宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，即：主句是一般现宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，即：主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。主句是一般过去在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。例发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。例: She said that the train had already left.如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。例：例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.E. 如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时，可以用疑问词时，可以用疑问词+不定式做宾语的简单句结构。不定式做宾语的简单句结构。例：例：I dont know what I should do next.I dont know what to do next.宾语从句习题宾语从句习题1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A. took B. take C. takes D. will take2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation today.A. had B. has . C. will have D. areADC4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some.A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled6. Do you know _ Im going to see him.Sorry, I dont know. A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li liveC. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li livedBCC定语从句定语从句定语从句在句中位于定语从句在句中位于名词或代词后面名词或代词后面，起定语作用。，起定语作用。定语从句一般由关系代词定语从句一般由关系代词that, which, who(m), whose和关系副词和关系副词when, where, why等引导。被定语等引导。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。在中考试题中，主要考从句修饰的词叫做先行词。在中考试题中，主要考查引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词。查引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词。一、一般情况下，当先行词指人时，用一、一般情况下，当先行词指人时，用that, who或或whom引导。如：引导。如：I know the young man that/who is reading under the tree. 我认识在树下读书的那个年轻人。我认识在树下读书的那个年轻人。The girl whom you talked about a moment ago is my daughter. 你们刚才谈论的女孩是我的女儿。你们刚才谈论的女孩是我的女儿。【温馨提示温馨提示】当指人的先行词后有介词时，关系代词不用当指人的先行词后有介词时，关系代词不用that, 而而要用要用whom。如：。如：Jim is the person for whom you are looking. 吉姆是你吉姆是你在寻找的人。在寻找的人。二、当先行词指物时，用二、当先行词指物时，用which或或that引导。当关系引导。当关系代词在从句中作宾语时常可省略。如：代词在从句中作宾语时常可省略。如：Give me the pen that/which is on the desk. 把桌子上把桌子上的钢笔给我。的钢笔给我。【温馨提示温馨提示】当先行词指物时只能用当先行词指物时只能用that而不能用而不能用which的几种常的几种常见情况：见情况：1. 先行词为先行词为all, anything, everything, nothing, much, none, little等不定代词时。如：等不定代词时。如：There is nothing that can stop him from doing it. 没有没有什么能阻止他做这件事。什么能阻止他做这件事。2. 先行词前有先行词前有last, next, only，very及序数词、最高级及序数词、最高级等修饰时。如：等修饰时。如：This is the most interesting film that was shown last week. 这是上周所放映的影片中最有趣的一部。这是上周所放映的影片中最有趣的一部。The only thing that they can do is to wait. 3. 当先行词既有人，又有物时。如：当先行词既有人，又有物时。如： Sally is talking about the writer and his book that interests her. 萨丽在谈论这位作家及能使她感兴趣萨丽在谈论这位作家及能使她感兴趣的这位作家的书。的这位作家的书。4. 当主语是当主语是who的疑问句。如：的疑问句。如：Who is the boy that is playing computer games? 在在玩电脑游戏的男孩是谁？玩电脑游戏的男孩是谁？5. 在非限定性定语从句在非限定性定语从句(即通常用逗号与主句隔开即通常用逗号与主句隔开的定语从句的定语从句)中。只能用中。只能用which而不能用而不能用that。如：如：They are talking about the TV play, which they saw last night. 他们正在谈论昨晚看的电视剧。他们正在谈论昨晚看的电视剧。 三、三、whose在定语从句中作定语，修饰它后面的名在定语从句中作定语，修饰它后面的名词。如：词。如：Do you know the girl whose name is Lily? 你认识名你认识名叫莉莉的女孩吗？叫莉莉的女孩吗？四、当引导词在句中作状语时，应用适当的关系副四、当引导词在句中作状语时，应用适当的关系副词。表示时间用词。表示时间用when，表示地点用，表示地点用where，表示原，表示原因用因用why。如：。如：The hotel where the visitors are staying is very expensive. 这些参观者呆的旅馆很贵。这些参观者呆的旅馆很贵。定语从句习题定语从句习题1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father？ -Yes， hes our headmaster.A. he B. who C. which D. whom2. Is this the river _ I can swim？A. which B. in which C. that D. the one3. This is the best hotel in the city _I know.A. where B. which C. that D. it4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day？A. that you bought B. you bought itC. that you bought it D. which you bought it5. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands.A. which agrees B. who agreeC. who agrees D. which agreeBBCAC6. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing.A. that B. it C. which D. who7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gateA. whos B . whose C. that D. of which.8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister.A.which； is B. whom； was B.C. who； is D. who； was9. I love places _the people are really friendly.A. that B. which C. where D. who10. The first thing _you must do is to have a meal.A. which B. when C. who D. thatABCCD状语从句状语从句类型类型连接词连接词备注备注时间状语从句时间状语从句 before, after, while, when, since, until, notuntil主从句都为进行时，用while。主句现在完成时，从句过去时，用since。条件状语从句条件状语从句if（如果）（如果）, unless（除非）（除非）时态遵循“主将从现”比较状语从句比较状语从句 as as（和（和一样）一样）连接形容词或副词的原级类型类型连接词连接词备注备注目的状语从句目的状语从句so that, in order that(为了为了)结果状语从句结果状语从句so that, suchthat(如此如此以致以致)so good a day thatsuch a good day that让步状语从句让步状语从句although, though(尽管，虽然尽管，虽然)不可再使用“but”原因状语从句原因状语从句because, since（因为、既然）（因为、既然）because不可和so连用1.Peter likes reading a newspaper_ he is having breakfast.A. until B. while C. because D. though2.2. Many students didnt realize the importance of study_they left school.A.when B.until C.as D.after3.3. I dont know if it_tomorrow.If it_,we wont go on a picnic.A.rains; rains B.will rain; rains 4. C.will rain; will rain D. rains; will rain 5.4. You have to leave now_you can catch the bus.6. A.so that B.as soon as C.because D.ifBBBA5. You should go over your test paper _ you hand it in . A. before B. though C. because D. as soon as6. -Could we play football in your playground,Sir?-No,_you have the principals note. A.if B.unless C.because D.since7. I wont be able to understand what you say _ you speak too quickly. A.if B.though C.because D. unless8. In summer , food goes bad easily _ it is put in the refrigerator. A. until B. if C. unless D. because ABAD9. _its difficult to make her dream come true，she never gives upA.Though B.Unless C.Because D.If10. Usually, we dont know how important something is _ we lose it. A. or B. until C. as soon as D. because11. We wont start the meeting _our teacher arrives. A.though B.until C.after D.or12. -Did you catch what the teacher said? -No. She spoke _ fast that I couldnt hear her veryclearly. A. very B. too C. so D. suchABBC