学习必备欢迎下载虚拟语气概念虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实， 或与事实相反。 虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。应用条件在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。在非真实条件状语从句中的用法真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。例： If he doesn t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。( 真实 ) If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实）If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去。（非真实， 虚拟语气）If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（非真实，虚拟语气）用法及动词形式从句主句与现在事实相反If+ 主语 +did （be 动词 were）主语 +should/would/ could/might+do精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载与过去事实相反If+ 主语 +had done 主语 +should/would/ could/might+have done与将来事实相反1.If+主语 +did 2.If+主语 +were to 3.If+主语 +should 主语 +should/would/ could/might+do例句：1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：例： 1. If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。 （事实：不知道）3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。( 事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱）5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam. 如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力）2、表示与过去事实相反的情况例： 1. If I had gotten there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）3、表示对将来情况的主观推测，与将来事实相反例：1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小）2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：不知能否下雪）3.If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时， if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即将were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。如：Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without., but for. 等如：But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。We didn t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。7、有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情 。省略从句He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。You could have passed this exam. 你应该能通过这次考试了。省略主句If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。、虚拟语气的其他用法用在 wish 后的宾语从句 a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式eg. I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑。( 事实：我根本比不上你 ) b、表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+doneeg: I wish I had known the truth of the matter. 我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。 （事实：原来不知道） c、表示将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词：should/would + 动词原形eg. I wish I should have a chance again. 我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了）( 注： if only和 as if/as though也有相同用法）用在目的状语从句中1. 在 for fear that, in case, lest引导的从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为： should + 动词原形。并且 should不能省略精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载eg.She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。2、 在 so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。eg.He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。其他用法1、 一 想 要 (desire)二 宁 愿 (prefer)三 命 令 (order, command)四 建 议 (advice. Suggest, propose)五要求 (demand , require, request , desire , insist)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用： “should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形” 。如：He suggested that we (should) takethe teachers advice. He insisted that we (should) takethe teacher s advice. He demand that we (should) takethe teacher s advice. He ordered that we (should) takethe teacher s advice. insist如果翻译成坚持某种动作才用虚拟语气；翻译成坚持某种观点就不用虚拟语气。如： He insist he is a student. 他坚持说他是个学生。这个语句表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。如：His face suggests that he looks worried . 他的表情暗含着他很担心。这个句子本身是事实，因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。2、 表 情 绪 . 观 点 的 形 容 词 或 名 词 也 要 用 虚 拟 语 气 . 如 :necessary、 important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny 、right、wrong 、better、a pity等。句型： It is.that +主语从句，从句的谓语动词都要用should+ 原型或只用动词原型。3、 在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。如：Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。（事实：他没来）Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他。（事实：华佗不在世）4、 在 whatever， whichever， whenever ， whoever, wherever， however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为：指现在或将来：may +动词原形。如：We will finish it on time no matter what may happen. 不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。We will find him wherever he may be. 无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。指过去：may +完成式。如 ：You mustn t be proud whatever great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲。We must respect him no matter what mistakes he may have made. 不管他犯过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载5、一般would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：过去 : had + 过去分词 ; 现在 : 过去时 (be 用 were ) ; 将来 : 过去时 (be 用 were )如：I d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天 看过了这场电影。I d rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在 在这儿。We d rather you went here tomorrow. 我们倒想你明天 去那儿6、 虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中，表示：“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：It is (high / about) time that + 主语 + 动词的过去式 / should + 动词原形，即从句用虚拟过去式。如It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。It is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了。7、 简单句中的虚拟语气（1）说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为：would / could / might / should + 动 词原 形 。如：Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把门关起来你介意吗？You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把这个教训牢记于心。I should agree with you. 我应该同意你的观点。（2）表示“祝愿”时，常用may + 主语 + 动词原形。如：May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永驻。（ 3） 表示强烈的“愿望”、 “祝愿”时，常用动词原形。如：Long live the Communist Party of China. 中国共产党万岁。God bless us. 上帝保佑。（ 4）习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。提出请求或邀请。如：Would you like to have a talk with us this evening? 今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗？Could I use your bike now? 我可以用一下你的单车吗？陈述自己的观点或看法。如：I should glad to meet you. 见到你我会很高兴。I would try my best to help you. 我会尽力帮助你。提出劝告或建议。 如：You d better ask your father first. 你最好先问一问你的父亲。You should make a full investigation of it first. 你应该先全面调查一番。提出问题。如：Do you think he could get here on time? 你认为他能按时来吗？Do you expect he would tell us the truth? 你期望他会告诉我们真相吗？表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：情态动词 + have + 过去分词。如：You should have got here earlier. 你应该早就到这里了。You should have returned it to him. 你应该把它还给他了。省略的虚拟条件句型省略连词if 有时可将条件从句的连词if省略，但此时应用倒装句型 ，即将从句中的were, should, had 等提到句首：Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。I will go, should it be necessary. 假若有必要，我会去的。Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载【注】若条件从句为否定句，否定词not 应置于主语之后，而不能与were, should, had 等缩略成Weren t, Shouldn t, Hadn t 而置于句首。有时省略 if后提前的had 不是助动词：Had I time, I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time ) 省略条件句的主语和其后的动词be 若主从句主语一致，且谓语部分包含有动词be，通常可将主语和动词be 省略：If repaired earlier, the tractor would not have broken down. 要是早点儿修一下，拖拉机就不会抛锚了。(=If it had been repaired earlier ) 省略“ it+be ”If necessary, I would send more farm-hands to help you. 如果需要的话我会派更多的民工去帮你。(=If it was necessary, I would ) 省略整个条件从句这样的省略通常需要借助一定的上下文，即省略条件从句后，所剩下的主句的意思在一定的上下文中意思是清楚的：I might see her personally. It would be better. 我可以亲自去看她，这样好一些。(= If I saw her personally, it would be better.) 在含蓄条件句中的用法(1) 条件暗含在短语中。如：We didn t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。 （ 暗含条件是otherwise）Without your help, we wouldn t have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我们不可能取得这么大的成绩。（暗含条件是介词短语 without your help）But for your help, I would not have succeeded in the experiment. 如果没有你的帮助，我的实验就不会成功。（暗含条件是but for your help）It would cause great trouble not to lubricate the bearing immediately. 不立即润滑轴承就会引起很大的故障。（暗含条件是not to lubricate the bearing immediately）(2) 条件暗含在上下文中。如：I would not have done it that way. 我是不会那么做的。（可能暗含if I were you）I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have come to help you. 我那天很忙。否则我会来帮你的。（可能暗含if I hadn t been so busy. ）You might come to join us in the discussion. 你可以参加我们的讨论。（可能暗含if you wanted to ）I would have bought the DVD player. 我是会买下那台影碟机的。（可能暗含if I had the money）But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. 要不是碰到暴雨，我们还会早些到。（可能暗含if it had not been for the storm） 。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载虚拟语气练习题1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _ the book from which it was made. A. have read B. had read C. should have read D. are reading 2.You are late. If you _ a few minutes earlier, you _ him. A. come; would meet B. had come; would have met C. come; will meet D. had come; would meet 3.The two students talked as if they _ friends for years. A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been 4.It is important that I _ with Mr. Williams immediately. A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak 5.He looked as if he _ ill for a long time. A. was B. were C. has been D. had been 6.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not _. A. have laid there for two hours B. have been lied there for two hours C. have lied there for two hours D. have lain there for two hours 7.I wish that I _ with you last night. A. went B. could go C. have gone D. could have gone 8.Let s say you could go there again, how _ feel?A. will you B. should you C. would you D. do you 9.I cant stand him. He always talks as though he _ everything.A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known 10._ the fog, we should have reached our school. A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载11.If you had told me in advance, I _ him at the airport. A. would meet B. would had met C. would have met D. would have meet 12.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_ me how. A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teach 13.I would have told him the answer had it been possible, but I _ so busy then. A. had been B. were C. was D. would be 14.Hes working hard for fear that he _. A. should fall behind B. fell behind C. may fall behind D. would fallen behind 15.If it _ another ten minutes, the game would have been called off. A. had rained B. would have rained C. have seen D. rained 16.He suggested that they _ use a trick instead of fighting. A. should B. would C. do D. had 17.My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _ there. A. not went B. wont goC. not go D. not to go 18.I would have gone to the meeting if I _ time. A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had 19.Would you rather I _ buying a new bike? A. decided against B. will decide against C. have decided D. shall decide against 20.You look so tired tonight. It is time you _. A. go to sleep B. went to sleep C. go to bed D. went to bed 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载21. Why didnt you buy a new car?I would have bought one if I _ enough money. A. had B. have had C. would have D. had had 22.If she could sew, _. A. she make a dress B. she would have made a shirt C. she will make a shirt D. she would had made a coat 23._ today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves 24.His doctor suggested that he _ a short trip abroad. A. will take B. would take C. take D. took 25.The Bakers arrived last night. If they d only let us know earlier,_ at the station. A. wed meet themB. well meet themC. wed have met themD. weve met them26.If I _ you, I _ more attention to English idioms and phrases. A. was; shall pay B. am; will pay C. would be; would pay D. were; would pay 27.We might have failed if you _ us a helping hand. A. have not given B. would not give C. had not given D. did not give 28.The law requires that everyone _ his car checked at least once a year. A. has B. had C. have D. will have 29.It is strange that he _ so. A. would say B. would speak C. should say D. will speak 30.Had I known her name, _ A. or does she know mine? B. and where does she live? C. she would be beautiful. D. I would have invited her to lunch. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载31.He has just arrived, but he talks as if he _ all about that. A. know B. knows C. known D. knew 32.If I _ the money, I would have bought a much bigger car. A. possessed B. owned C. had D. had had 33.He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he _ to the meeting. A. would come B. came C. would have come D. will come 34.The librarian insists that John _ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he has borrowed. A. will take B. took C. take D. takes 35.I left very early last night, but I wish I _ so early. A. didn t leaveB. hadn t leftC. haven t leftD. couldn t leave36.I do not have a job. I would find one but I _ no time. A. had B. didn t haveC. had had D. have 37.I wish that you _ such a bad headache because Im sure that you would have enjoyed the concert. A. hadn tB. didn t have hadC. hadn t hadD. hadn t have38.He insisted that we all _ in his office at one oclock.A. be B. to be C. would be D. shall be 39.Helen couldn t go to France after all. Thats too bad. I m sure she would have enjoyed it if _. A. she s goneB. she ll goC. she d goneD. she d go40.I must go there earlier. John has suggested that I _ an hour before the discussion begins. A. go B. shall go C. will go D. would go 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载15 BBDAD 610 DDCAD 11 15 CDCAA 1620 ACAAD 2125 DBCCC 26 30 DCCCD 31 35 DDCCB 3640 DCACD 解析：1.wish 后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。2. 条件句表示与过去事实相反， 主句用过去将来完成时， 从句用过去完成时。3.as if后面如果表示真实情况就不用虚拟。4.It is important that是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb. should do的形式。5.as if后面是真实情况，不虚拟。6.lain是 lie的过去分词，表示“躺”。7.could have done表示“本来可以”。8. 与将来相反的虚拟语气，主句用过去将来时。9.as if表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。10.but for表示“要不是的话”，通常与虚拟语气搭配使用。11.in advance表示“事先”，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。12.wish 的宾语从句表示发生在将来的愿望用过去将来时。13.but 的并列句表示真实情况，不用虚拟语气。14.for fear that后面的状语从句用sb. should do的形式。15. 表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。16.suggest 后面的宾语从句用sb. should do的形式。17.suggest 后面的从句用 sb. should do的形式， should 可以省略。18. 表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。19.would rather的宾语从句用 sb. did的形式。20.It is time后面的定语从句用sb. did的形式。21. 第一个 had 是过去完成时，第二个had 表示“有”。22.would have done是过去将来完成时，表示与过去相反的虚拟语气。23. 这是虚拟语气的倒装形式，把if去掉，助动词提前。24.suggest 后面的从句用 sb. should do的形式， should 可以省略。25. 表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时。26. 在虚拟语气中，不管什么人称，be 动词都要用 were 的形式。27. 表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。28.require后面的从句用 sb. should do的形式， should 可以省略。29.It is strange that是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb. should do的形式。30.had I known是与过去相反的虚拟语气的倒装形式。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载31.as if表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。32. 第一个 had 是过去完成时，第二个had 表示“有”。33.otherwise经常可以搭配虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反。34. 当 insist表示“坚持认为”时不用虚拟形式。35.wish 后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。36.but 的并列句表示真实情况，不用虚拟语气。37.wish 后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。38. 当 insist表示“坚持要求”时从句用虚拟形式。39. 表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。40.suggest 后面的从句用 sb. should do的形式， should 可以省略。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 12 页