AIR FORCE UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS Section B Section BN H C EUnit 1Culture Shock Culture Shock Culture Shock Culture Shock Reading SkillsReading SkillsTest YourselfText BN H C EN H C EIntroductionIntroductionPracticePracticeLiketheotherskillsforyouruse,theskillintroducedinthisunitdoesrenderyoubetterableinreading.Thispracticeisdesignedtohelpyougetadeeperinsightintotheskillforthisunit.Reading SkillsReading SkillsReading Skills自测自测课文课文IntroductionIntroduction随随 笔笔 阅读实践阅读实践自测自测课文课文BackN H C EReadingfortheMainIdeainaParagraphBeingabletodeterminethemainideaofaparagraphisoneofthemostusefulreadingskillsyoucandevelop.Itisaskillyoucanapplytoanykindofreading.Themainideaofaparagraphisthethoughtthatispresentthroughouttheparagraph.Inawell-writtenparagraph,mostofthesentencessupport,describe,orexplainthemainidea.IntroductionIntroduction自测自测课文课文BackN H C EWritersfrequentlyusethefirstsentenceofaparagraphtostatethemainidea,asisclearfromthefollowingexampletakenfrom Text A:ReadingfortheMainIdeainaParagraph随随 笔笔 阅读实践阅读实践IntroductionIntroduction自测自测课文课文BackN H C EConsequently,weworkhardatthetaskofsavingtime.Weproduceasteadyflowoflabor-savingdevices;wecommunicaterapidlythroughfaxes,phonecallsoremailsratherthanthroughpersonalcontacts,whichthoughpleasant,takelongerespeciallygivenourtraffic-filledstreets.We,therefore,savemostpersonalvisitingforafter-workhoursorforsocialweekendgatherings.(Para.5)MainIdeaMainIdeaWeworkhardatthetaskofsavingtime. ExampleExample随随 笔笔 阅读实践阅读实践IntroductionIntroduction自测自测课文课文BackN H C EHowever,themainideasentencemayalsooccurinotherplaces:inthemiddleorattheendofaparagraph.LookattwomoreexamplestakenfromTextA:随随 笔笔 阅读实践阅读实践IntroductionIntroduction自测自测课文课文BackN H C E“Weareslavestonothingbuttheclock,”ithasbeensaid.Timeistreatedasifitweresomethingalmostreal.Webudgetit,saveit,wasteit,stealit,killit,cutit,accountforit;wealsochargeforit.Itisapreciousresource.Manypeoplehavearatheracutesenseoftheshortnessofeachlifetime.Oncethesandshaverunoutofapersonshourglass,theycannotbereplaced.Wewanteveryminutetocount.(Para.2) Example Example Main IdeaMain IdeaIt(=Time)isapreciousresource.“Weareslavestonothingbuttheclock,”ithasbeensaid.Timeistreatedasifitweresomethingalmostreal.Webudgetit,saveit,wasteit,stealit,killit,cutit,accountforit;wealsochargeforit.Itisapreciousresource.Manypeoplehavearatheracutesenseoftheshortnessofeachlifetime.Oncethesandshaverunoutofapersonshourglass,theycannotbereplaced.Wewanteveryminutetocount.(Para.2)随随 笔笔 阅读实践阅读实践IntroductionIntroduction自测自测课文课文BackN H C EAmericansbelievenoonestandsstill.Ifyouarenotmovingahead,youarefallingbehind.Thisattituderesultsinanationofpeoplecommittedtoresearching,experimentingandexploring.TimeisoneofthetwoelementsthatAmericanssavecarefully,theotherbeinglabor.(Para.1) ExampleExample MainIdeaMainIdeaTimeisoneofthetwoelementsthatAmericanssavecarefully,theotherbeinglabor. Americansbelievenoonestandsstill.Ifyouarenotmovingahead,youarefallingbehind.Thisattituderesultsinanationofpeoplecommittedtoresearching,experimentingandexploring.TimeisoneofthetwoelementsthatAmericanssavecarefully,theotherbeinglabor.(Para.1)随随 笔笔 阅读实践阅读实践IntroductionIntroduction自测自测课文课文BackN H C EPleasenoticethatsometimesthereisnosentenceintheparagraphthatdirectlystatesthemainidea.Thatdoesntmeanthatthereisntamainideaintheparagraph,onlythemainideaisimplied.Inthesecases,youhavetowriteasentencetosumupthemainideaoftheparagraph.随随 笔笔 阅读实践阅读实践PracticePractice随随 笔笔 阅读技巧阅读技巧N H C E自测自测课文课文BackDirections:AsyoureadTextB,writedownthemainideaforsomeoftheparagraphsinyourownwords.PracticePracticeN H C E自测自测课文课文Back1.Doyouthinkstudyinginadifferentcountryissomethingthatsoundsveryexciting?Areyoulikemanyyoungpeoplewholeavehometostudyinanothercountrythinkingyouwillhavelotsoffun?Certainly,itisanewexperience,whichbringstheopportunitytodiscoverfascinatingthingsandafeelingoffreedom.Inspiteoftheseadvantages,however,therearealsosomechallengesyouwillencounter.Becauseyourviewsmayclashwiththe随随 笔笔 阅读技巧阅读技巧PracticePracticeN H C E自测自测课文课文Backdifferentbeliefs,norms,valuesandtraditionsthatexistindifferentcountries,youmayhavedifficultyadjustingtoanewcultureandtothosepartsoftheculturenotfamiliartoyou.Thisiscalled“cultureshock”.Atleastfouressentialstagesofadjustmentoccurduringcultureshock.(Para.1) Main IdeaMain IdeaStudyinginadifferentcountryisanewexperience,buttherearealsosomechallenges.随随 笔笔 阅读技巧阅读技巧PracticePracticeN H C E自测自测课文课文Back2.Thefirststageiscalled“thehoneymoon”.Inthisstage,youareexcitedaboutlivinginadifferentplace,andeverythingseemstobemarvelous.Youlikeeverything,andeverybodyseemstobesonicetoyou.Also,theamusementoflifeinanewcultureseemstohavenoending.(Para.2)Main IdeaMain IdeaThefirststageofculture-shockadjustmentis“thehoneymoon”.随随 笔笔 阅读技巧阅读技巧PracticePracticeN H C E自测自测课文课文Back3. Eventually,however,thesecondstageofcultureshockappears.Thisis“thehostilitystage”.Youbegintonoticethatnoteverythingisasgoodasyouhadoriginallythoughtitwas.Youbecometiredofmanythingsaboutthenewculture.Moreover,peopledonttreatyoulikeaguestanymore.Everythingthatseemedtobesowonderfulatfirstisnowawful,andeverythingmakesyoufeeldistressedandtired.(Para.3) Main IdeaMain IdeaThesecondstageofcultureshock,“thehostilitystage”,eventuallyoccurs.随随 笔笔 阅读技巧阅读技巧PracticePracticeN H C E自测自测课文课文Back4.Usuallyatthispointinyouradjustmenttoanewculture,youdevisesomedefensemechanismstohelpyoucopeandtoprotectyourselfagainsttheeffectsofcultureshock.Onetypeofcopingmechanismiscalled“repression”.Thishappenswhenyoupretendthateverythingisacceptableandthatnothingbothersyou.Anothertypeofdefensemechanismiscalled“regression”.Thisoccurswhenyoustarttoactasifyouareyoungerthanyouactuallyare;youactlikeachild.Youforgeteverything,and随随 笔笔 阅读技巧阅读技巧PracticePracticeN H C E自测自测课文课文Backsometimesyoubecomecarelessandirresponsible.Thethirdkindofdefensemechanismiscalled“isolation”.Youwouldratherbehomealone,andyoudontwanttocommunicatewithanybody.Withisolation,youtrytoavoidtheeffectsofcultureshock,oratleastthatswhatyouthink.Isolationisoneoftheworstcopingmechanismsyoucanusebecauseitseparatesyoufromthosethingsthatcouldreallyhelpyou.Thelasttypeofdefense随随 笔笔 阅读技巧阅读技巧PracticePracticeN H C E自测自测课文课文Back Main IdeaMain IdeaAtthispoint,somedefensemechanismsaredevisedtoprotectyourselfagainsttheeffectsofcultureshock.mechanismiscalled“rejection”.Withthiscopingmechanism,youthinkyoudontneedanybody.Youfeelyouarecopingfinealone,soyoudonttrytoaskforhelp.(Para.4)随随 笔笔 阅读技巧阅读技巧PracticePracticeN H C E自测自测课文课文Back5.Afteryoudealwithyourhostilefeelings,recognitionofthetemporarynatureofcultureshockbegins.Thenyoucometothethirdstagecalled“recovery”.Inthisstage,youstartfeelingmorepositive,andyoutrytodevelopcomprehensionofeverythingyoudontunderstand.Thewholesituationstartstobecomemorefavorable;yourecoverfromthesymptomsofthefirsttwostages,andyouadjustyourselftothenew随随 笔笔 阅读技巧阅读技巧PracticePracticeN H C E自测自测课文课文Back Main IdeaMain IdeaThethirdstageofcultureshockadjustment,“recovery”,starts.norms,values,andevenbeliefsandtraditionsofthenewcountry.Youbegintoseethateventhoughthedistinctionofthecultureisdifferentfromyourown,ithaselementsthatyoucanlearntoappreciate.(Para.6)随随 笔笔 阅读技巧阅读技巧N H C ENew WordsNew Words1Questions PreviewingQuestions Previewing2 2Passage ReadingPassage Reading3Choice MakingChoice Making4Text BText B自测自测技巧技巧N H C E自测自测技巧技巧Back随随 笔笔 阅读理解阅读理解问题预览问题预览课文阅读课文阅读NewWords非常好的非常好的;绝妙的绝妙的a.marvelousC蜜月期蜜月期;(喻喻)短暂的和谐期短暂的和谐期n.honeymoon C,U调整调整n.adjustmentU敌意敌意;敌对敌对n.hostility1.U愉快愉快,快乐快乐2.C娱乐活动娱乐活动n.amusement此外此外;而且而且ad.moreoverC,U传统传统n.tradition不一致不一致;冲突冲突/C不一致不一致vi./n. clash虽然虽然;尽管尽管n. spiteN H C E自测自测技巧技巧BackNewWords1.U压抑压抑;抑制抑制2.U镇压镇压n.repression应付应付;处理处理vi.copeC行为方式行为方式;机制机制n.mechanismU回归回归;倒退倒退n.regression可接受的可接受的;合意的合意的a.acceptable不负责任的不负责任的a.irresponsible设计设计;发明发明vt.devise 使痛苦使痛苦/U痛苦痛苦,苦恼苦恼vt. /n. distress 再也再也(不不)ad.anymore随随 笔笔 阅读理解阅读理解问题预览问题预览课文阅读课文阅读N H C E自测自测技巧技巧BackNewWords对付对付;应付应付;处理处理vi.deal使用使用vt.utilizeC,U拒绝拒绝;不接受不接受n.rejection sing.,U承认承认;认可认可n.recognition1.怀有敌意的怀有敌意的2.敌方的敌方的a.hostile暂时的暂时的a.temporary1.拒绝拒绝2.抛弃抛弃,丢弃丢弃vt.reject U隔离隔离;孤立孤立n. isolation 使孤立使孤立;使隔绝使隔绝vt.isolate随随 笔笔 阅读理解阅读理解问题预览问题预览课文阅读课文阅读N H C E自测自测技巧技巧BackNewWordsU获得获得,得到得到n.acquisition1.欣赏欣赏2.对对表示感谢表示感谢vt.appreciate1特点特点2C区别区别3U卓越卓越n.distinction1.交流交流2.互相作用互相作用vi.interact减轻减轻,缓和缓和vt.alleviate相当大的相当大的;相当多的相当多的a.considerableC1.迹象迹象;征兆征兆2.症状症状n.symptom 1.有利的有利的2.赞成的赞成的a. favorable 1.恢复恢复;痊愈痊愈2.U复得复得n.recovery随随 笔笔 阅读理解阅读理解问题预览问题预览课文阅读课文阅读N H C E自测自测技巧技巧BackNewWords把把分开分开;分离分离separatefrom厌烦厌烦(做做)某事某事tired of (doing)sth.文化冲击文化冲击;文化震撼文化震撼cultureshock从从(疾病等疾病等)中恢复中恢复recoverfrom阻止阻止,防止防止preventfrom经历经历;经受经受gothrough为为所熟悉所熟悉familiarto适应适应adjustto此外此外;而且而且ad.furthermore随随 笔笔 阅读理解阅读理解问题预览问题预览课文阅读课文阅读N H C E随随 笔笔 阅读理解阅读理解生词学习生词学习课文阅读课文阅读QuestionsPreviewingDirections:Foryoutobebetterconditionedforreadingasfastas100wordsperminute,asrequiredinthenewtypeofexamination“FastReading”,TextBcanservetobeyourfast-readingmaterial.But,forthispurpose,thebestcourseofactionistoknowwhattoscanforinyourskimming.Thus,thetrickistokeepinyourmindthekeywordsofeachquestionbeforeyoustartoff.Thatiswherethe“QuestionPreviewing”comesin. 自测自测技巧技巧BackN H C EQuestionsPreviewing自测自测技巧技巧Back1.AccordingtoParagraph1,studyinginadifferentcountrymeans_.2.Inthehoneymoonstage,_.3.Whenyouareinthehostilitystage,youtrytofeelbetterby_.4.Inthewriterseyes,onemustbecautiousevenwhenoccasionallyusingoneofthedefensemechanismsbecausetheypreventonefrom_.随随 笔笔 阅读理解阅读理解生词学习生词学习课文阅读课文阅读N H C EQuestionsPreviewing自测自测技巧技巧Back5.Afteryoudealwithyourhostility,_.6.Inthethirdstage,yourecoverfrom_.7.Inthefinalstageofcultureshock,youfeelgoodaboutthenewculturebecause_.8.Youlearnmoreaboutyourselfwhen_.随随 笔笔 阅读理解阅读理解生词学习生词学习课文阅读课文阅读随随 笔笔 阅读理解阅读理解生词学习生词学习问题预览问题预览N H C E自测自测技巧技巧BackCultureShockPara.1aDoyouthinkstudyinginadifferentcountryissomethingthatsoundsveryexciting?Areyoulikemanyyoungpeoplewholeavehometostudyinanothercountrythinkingyouwillhavelotsoffun?Certainly,itisanewexperience,whichbringstheopportunitytodiscoverfascinatingthingsandafeelingoffreedom.ChineseQuestion 1N H C E自测自测技巧技巧BackPara.1bInspiteoftheseadvantages,however,therearealsosomechallengesyouwillencounter.Becauseyourviewsmayclashwiththedifferentbeliefs,norms,valuesandtraditionsthatexistindifferentcountries,youmayhavedifficultyadjustingtoanewcultureandtothosepartsoftheculturenotfamiliartoyou.Thisiscalled“cultureshock”.Atleastfouressentialstagesofadjustmentoccurduringcultureshock.ChineseQuestion 1随随 笔笔 阅读理解阅读理解生词学习生词学习问题预览问题预览N H C E自测自测技巧技巧BackPara.2Thefirststageiscalled“thehoneymoon”.Inthisstage,youareexcitedaboutlivinginadifferentplace,andeverythingseemstobemarvelous.Youlikeeverything,andeverybodyseemstobesonicetoyou.Also,theamusementoflifeinanewcultureseemstohavenoending.ChineseQuestion 2随随 笔笔 阅读理解阅读理解生词学习生词学习问题预览问题预览N H C E自测自测技巧技巧BackPara.3Eventually,however,thesecondstageofcultureshockappears.Thisis“thehostilitystage”.Youbegintonoticethatnoteverythingisasgoodasyouhadoriginallythoughtitwas.Youbecometiredofmanythingsaboutthenewculture.Moreover,peopledonttreatyoulikeaguestanymore.Everythingthatseemedtobesowonderfulatfirstisnowawful,andeverythingmakesyoufeeldistressedandtired.Chinese随随 笔笔 阅读理解阅读理解生词学习生词学习问题预览问题预览N H C E自测自测技巧技巧BackPara.4aUsuallyatthispointinyouradjustmenttoanewculture,youdevisesomedefensemechanismstohelpyoucopeandtoprotectyourselfagainsttheeffectsofcultureshock.Onetypeofcopingmechanismiscalled“repression”.Thishappenswhenyoupretendthateverythingisacceptableandthatnothingbothersyou.ChineseQuestion 3随随 笔笔 阅读理解阅读理解生词学习生词学习问题预览问题预览N H C E自测自测技巧技巧BackPara.4bAnothertypeofdefensemechanismiscalled“regression”.Thisoccurswhenyoustarttoactasifyouareyoungerthanyouactuallyare;youactlikeachild.Youforgeteverything,andsometimesyoubecomecarelessandirresponsible.Thethirdkindofdefensemechanismiscalled“isolation”.Youwouldratherbehomealone,andyoudontwanttocommunicatewithanybody.Chinese随随 笔笔 阅读理解阅读理解生词学习生词学习问题预览问题预览N H C E自测自测技巧技巧BackPara.4cWithisolation,youtrytoavoidtheeffectsofcultureshock,oratleastthatswhatyouthink.Isolationisoneoftheworstcopingmechanismsyoucanusebecauseitseparatesyoufromthosethingsthatcouldreallyhelpyou.Thelasttypeofdefensemechanismiscalled“rejection”.Withthiscopingmechanism,youthinkyoudontneedanybody.Youfeelyouarecopingfinealone,soyoudonttrytoaskforhelp.Chinese随随 笔笔 阅读理解阅读理解生词学习生词学习问题预览问题预览N H C E自测自测技巧技巧BackPara.5Thedefensemechanismsyouutilizeinthehostilitystagearenothelpful.Ifyouonlyoccasionallyuseoneofthesecopingmechanismstohelpyourselfsurvive,thatisacceptable.Youmustbecautious,however.Thesemechanismscanreallyhurtyoubecausetheypreventyoufrommakingnecessaryadjustmentstothenewculture.ChineseQuestion 4随随 笔笔 阅读理解阅读理解生词学习生词学习问题预览问题预览N H C E自测自测技巧技巧BackPara.6aAfteryoudealwithyourhostilefeelings,recognitionofthetemporarynatureofcultureshockbegins.Thenyoucometothethirdstagecalled“recovery”.Inthisstage,youstartfeelingmorepositive,andyoutrytodevelopcomprehensionofeverythingyoudontunderstand.ChineseQuestion 5随随 笔笔 阅读理解阅读理解生词学习生词学习问题预览问题预览N H C E自测自测技巧技巧BackPara.6bThewholesituationstartstobecomemorefavorable;yourecoverfromthesymptomsofthefirsttwostages,andyouadjustyourselftothenewnorms,values,andevenbeliefsandtraditionsofthenewcountry.Youbegintoseethateventhoughthedistinctionofthecultureisdifferentfromyourown,ithaselementsthatyoucanlearntoappreciate.ChineseQuestion 6随随 笔笔 阅读理解阅读理解生词学习生词学习问题预览问题预览N H C E自测自测技巧技巧BackPara.7Thelaststageofcultureshockiscalled“adjustment”.Inthisstage,youhavereachedapointwhereyouactuallyfeelgoodbecauseyouhavelearnedenoughtounderstandthenewculture.Thethingsthatinitiallymadeyoufeeluncomfortableorstrangearenowthingsthatyouunderstand.Thisacquisitionofunderstandingalleviatesmuchofthestress.Nowyoufeelcomfortable;youhaveadjustedtothenewculture.ChineseQuestion 7随随 笔笔 阅读理解阅读理解生词学习生词学习问题预览问题预览N H C E自测自测技巧技巧BackPara.8aCultureshockisnotsomethingyoucanavoidwhenlivinginaforeigncountry.Itdoesnotseemlikeaveryhelpfulexperiencewhenyouaregoingthroughitsfourstages.However,whenyouhavecompletelyadjustedtoanewcultureyoucanmorefullyenjoyit.Chinese随随 笔笔 阅读理解阅读理解生词学习生词学习问题预览问题预览N H C E自测自测技巧技巧BackPara.8bYoulearnhowtointeractwithotherpeople,andyoulearnaconsiderableamountaboutlifeinaculturethatisnotyourown.Furthermore,learningaboutotherculturesandhowtoadjusttotheshockoflivinginthemhelpsyoulearnmoreaboutyourself.ChineseQuestion 8随随 笔笔 阅读理解阅读理解生词学习生词学习问题预览问题预览随随 笔笔 课文阅读课文阅读生词学习生词学习问题预览问题预览自测自测技巧技巧BackChoiceMakingN H C E1.AccordingtoParagraph1,studyinginadifferentcountrymeans_.A.discoveringinterestingthingsandafeelingoffreedomB.anopportunitytogetrichC.adjustingtocultureshockallthetimeD.meetingbothadvantagesandchallengesRefertoPara.1自测自测技巧技巧BackChoiceMakingN H C E2.Inthehoneymoonstage,_.A.youmainlyexperiencethepositiveelementsoflifeinanewcultureB.youthinkthateverythingwillalwaysbeperfectC.youfeelthatdaytimebecomesmuchlongerD.youfeellikeyouaretakingaholidaytoanothercountrywithfriendsRefertoPara.2随随 笔笔 课文阅读课文阅读生词学习生词学习问题预览问题预览自测自测技巧技巧BackChoiceMakingN H C E3.Whenyouareinthehostilitystage,youtrytofeelbetterby_.A.becomingtiredofmanythingsaboutthenewcultureB.adjustingtothenewcultureC.devisingsomedefensemechanismsD.experiencingthenegativepartsofthenewcultureRefertoPara.4随随 笔笔 课文阅读课文阅读生词学习生词学习问题预览问题预览自测自测技巧技巧BackChoiceMakingN H C E4.Inthewriterseyes,onemustbecautiousevenwhenoccasionallyusingoneofthedefensemechanismsbecausetheypreventonefrom_.A.feelingthatthesemechanismsareusefulB.beingeasilyaffectedbyculturaldifferencesC.protectinghimselfagainsttheeffectsofcultureshockD.makingnecessaryadjustmentstothenewculture RefertoPara.5随随 笔笔 课文阅读课文阅读生词学习生词学习问题预览问题预览自测自测技巧技巧BackChoiceMakingN H C E5.Afteryoudealwithyourhostility,_.A.youbegintoknowthattheshockofthenewcultureisonlytemporaryB.youfailtorecognizethetemporarynatureofcultureshockC.youtrytodevelopcomprehensionofeverythingteacherssayinclassD.youstarttoknowthatthenewcultureissomethingreallyinteresting RefertoPara.6a随随 笔笔 课文阅读课文阅读生词学习生词学习问题预览问题预览自测自测技巧技巧BackChoiceMakingN H C E6.Inthethirdstage,yourecoverfrom_.A.beinghomesickB.thesymptomsofcultureshockC.thesymptomsofthefirsttwostagesofcultureshockD.thenegativeeffectsofbeingawayfromyourhome RefertoPara.6b随随 笔笔 课文阅读课文阅读生词学习生词学习问题预览问题预览自测自测技巧技巧BackChoiceMakingN H C E7.Inthefinalstageofcultureshock,youfeelgoodaboutthenewculturebecause_.A.youhavelearnedsomethingfromwhatyoufeltuncomfortableaboutbeforeB.youhavecometounderstandwhatyoudidntunderstandbeforeC.youhaveacquiredenoughlanguagetohelpyoutoadjustD.youhavegotusedtothefeelingofbeingtakenasforeignersRefertoPara.7随随 笔笔 课文阅读课文阅读生词学习生词学习问题预览问题预览自测自测技巧技巧BackChoiceMakingN H C E8.Youlearnmoreaboutyourselfwhen_.A.youcanavoidcultureshockB.youlearnaboutanewcultureandhowtoadjusttotheshockoflivinginitC.youaregoingthroughthefourthandfinalstageofcultureshockD.youhavelivedinanewcultureforatleastoneyearRefertoPara.8随随 笔笔 课文阅读课文阅读生词学习生词学习问题预览问题预览N H C E课文课文技巧技巧Inthissection,youwillhearthreeshortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Test YourselfTest YourselfTest YourselfInthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankabovethepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.ListeningComprehensionReadinginDepthQuestions1to3arebasedonthepassageyouaregoingtohear.课文课文技巧技巧BackN H C E随随 笔笔 阅读理解阅读理解A)Herhusbandhadgotahigherposition.B)Herhusbandhadlosthisjob.C)Shewantedtohaveacleanerhouse.D)ShewantedtomovetoNewYork.1.Whydidthespeakersellherhouse? Passage1Script课文课文技巧技巧BackN H C EA)Histelephonewentoutoforder.B)Thebuyershadtoleavesoon.C)Hebegantoworkat8a.m.D)Hehadmadeanappointmentwithherfor8a.m.2.Whydidtheagentvisitthespeakersoearlyinthemorning? Script随随 笔笔 阅读理解阅读理解Passage1课文课文技巧技巧BackN H C EA)Theyconsideredherlazy.B)Theysawsomethingtheyhadneverseen.C)Theyconsideredherfoolish.D)Theysawsomethingfamiliartothem.3.Whydidthecouplelaughinthespeakershouse? Script随随 笔笔 阅读理解阅读理解Passage1Questions4to6arebasedonthepassageyouaregoingtohear.课文课文技巧技巧BackN H C EA)ThesilkT-shirtinwhitecolor.B)ThecottonT-shirtwithasloganorpicture.C)ThenylonT-shirtwornonplayground.D)ThewoolT-shirtwornforwork.4.WhatisthemostpopularkindofT-shirt? Script随随 笔笔 阅读理解阅读理解Passage2课文课文技巧技巧BackN H C EA)T-shirtsfeelsoftandwashwell.B)T-shirtsaresmartandconvenienttowear.C)T-shirtsgowellwithtrousers.D)T-shirtsaresuitableforeveningwear.5.WhydopeopleliketowearT-shirtssomuchtoday? Script随随 笔笔 阅读理解阅读理解Passage2课文课文技巧技巧BackN H C EA)Newtechnologyisbeingemployed.B)Advertisementsarebeingwidelyused.C)Newdesignsarebeingadopted.D)Moresyntheticmaterialsarebeingintroduced.6.WhatisbeingdonetomakeT-shirtsmoreattractive? Script随随 笔笔 阅读理解阅读理解Passage2课文课文技巧技巧BackN H C EA)Forprotectionagainstotheranimals.B)Justforfun.C)Forprotectionagainstotherdogs.D)Forthepurposeofguardingthehouse.7.Accordingtothepassage,whatweredogstrainedforinthepast? Questions7to10arebasedonthepassageyouaregoingtohear.Script随随 笔笔 阅读理解阅读理解Passage3课文课文技巧技巧BackN H C EA)Becausetheydidnoteatotheranimals.B)Becausetheywereusefulforprotection.C)Becausetheyweregoodhunters.D)Becausetheyalwaysobeyedtheirmasters.8.Whyweredogsusedforhunting? Script随随 笔笔 阅读理解阅读理解Passage3课文课文技巧技巧BackN H C EA)Forcompanionship.B)Foramusement.C)Forprotectionagainstrobbery.D)Forhunting.9.Whatisthemostimportantreasonforpeopleinthecitytokeepdogsnow? Script随随 笔笔 阅读理解阅读理解Passage3课文课文技巧技巧BackN H C EA)Thecitycanbealonelyplace.B)LifeintheWestcanbeverydangerous.C)PeopleintheWestarefondofanimals.D)Thedogisausefulandfriendlyanimal.10.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage? Script随随 笔笔 阅读理解阅读理解Passage3课文课文技巧技巧BackN H C ENursingatBethIsraelHospitalproducesthebestpatientcarepossible.Ifwearetosolvethenursing1_,hospitaladministrationanddoctorseverywherewoulddowelltofollowBethIsraelsexample.shortage听力理解听力理解equalmedicalexposed centeredrelevant progressinvolves shortageassigneddependentapproachrespondinguncommondismissingrecovery随随 笔笔 课文课文技巧技巧BackN H C EAtBethIsraeleachpatientis2_toaprimarynursewhovisitsatlengthwiththepatientandconstructsafull-scalehealthaccountthatcoverseverythingfromhismedicalhistorytohisemotionalstate.Thenshewritesacareplan3_onthepatientsillnessbutwhichalsoincludeseverythingelsethatisnecessary.assignedcentered听力理解听力理解随随 笔笔 equalmedicalexposed centeredrelevant progressinvolves shortageassigneddependentapproachrespondinguncommondismissingrecovery课文课文技巧技巧BackN H C ETheprimarynursestayswiththepatientthroughhishospitalization,keepingtrackwithhis4_andseekingfurtheradvicefromhisdoctor.IfapatientatBethIsraelisnot5_totreatment,itisnotuncommonforhisnursetoproposeanother6_tohisdoctor.WhatthedoctoratBethIsraelhasintheprimarynurseisatruecolleague.progressrespondingapproach听力理解听力理解随随 笔笔 equalmedicalexposed centeredrelevant progressinvolves shortageassigneddependentapproachrespondinguncommondismissingrecovery课文课文技巧技巧BackN H C ENursingatBethIsraelalso7_adecentralized(分散的分散的)nursingadministration;everyfloor,everyunitisaself-containedorganization.Therearenurse-managersinsteadofheadnurses;inadditiontotheir8_involvesmedical听力理解听力理解随随 笔笔 equalmedicalexposed centeredrelevant progressinvolves shortageassigneddependentapproachrespondinguncommondismissingrecovery课文课文技巧技巧BackN H C Edutiestheydoalltheirownhiringand9_,employeeadvising,andtheymakesalaryrecommendations.Eachunitsnursesdecideamongthemselveswhowillworkwhatshiftsandwhen.dismissing听力理解听力理解随随 笔笔 equalmedicalexposed centeredrelevant progressinvolves shortageassigneddependentapproachrespondinguncommondismissingrecovery课文课文技巧技巧BackN H C EBethIsraelsnurse-in-chiefranksasan10_withothervicepresidentsofthehospital.ShealsoisamemberoftheMedicalExecutiveCommittee,whichinmosthospitalsincludesonlydoctors.equal听力理解听力理解随随 笔笔 equalmedicalexposed centeredrelevant progressinvolves shortageassigneddependentapproachrespondinguncommondismissingrecoveryN H C E返回返回自测自测技巧技巧文化冲击文化冲击Para.1a你认为在异国留学是一件听上去你认为在异国留学是一件听上去非常令人兴奋的事情吗非常令人兴奋的事情吗?你会像许多离家你会像许多离家去另一个国家学习的年轻人一样感觉很有去另一个国家学习的年轻人一样感觉很有趣吗趣吗?这当然是一种崭新的经历，它会给这当然是一种崭新的经历，它会给你带来机会，让你发现许多迷人的东西，你带来机会，让你发现许多迷人的东西，获得一种自由感。获得一种自由感。N H C E自测自测技巧技巧Para.1b然而，尽管有这些好处，你也然而，尽管有这些好处，你也会遇到挑战。因为你的观点可能会与存会遇到挑战。因为你的观点可能会与存在于不同国家的不同信念、准则、价值在于不同国家的不同信念、准则、价值观念和传统发生冲突。你也许会感到很观念和传统发生冲突。你也许会感到很难去适应一种新的文化以及该文化中你难去适应一种新的文化以及该文化中你不熟悉的那些部分。这就是不熟悉的那些部分。这就是“文化冲击文化冲击”。人们经历文化冲击的过程至少包括。人们经历文化冲击的过程至少包括四个主要阶段。四个主要阶段。返回返回N H C E自测自测技巧技巧Para.2第一阶段叫做第一阶段叫做“蜜月期蜜月期”。在这。在这一阶段，你会感觉到生活在一个不同国一阶段，你会感觉到生活在一个不同国度里很兴奋，而且每一样东西看上去都度里很兴奋，而且每一样东西看上去都妙不可言。你什么都喜欢，而且好像每妙不可言。你什么都喜欢，而且好像每个人都对你很好。另外，新的文化中的个人都对你很好。另外，新的文化中的生活乐趣好像是无穷无尽的。生活乐趣好像是无穷无尽的。 返回返回N H C E自测自测技巧技巧Para.3然而，文化冲击的第二阶段终究然而，文化冲击的第二阶段终究会出现，这就是会出现，这就是“敌对期敌对期”。你开始注。你开始注意到并不是每样东西都像你原先认为的意到并不是每样东西都像你原先认为的那样好。你会对新的文化里的许多东西那样好。你会对新的文化里的许多东西感到厌倦。此外，人们也不再把你当作感到厌倦。此外，人们也不再把你当作一个客人来对待了。所有最初看上去非一个客人来对待了。所有最初看上去非常美好的东西现在变得让人讨厌了，而常美好的东西现在变得让人讨厌了，而且每一样东西都使你感到苦恼和厌倦。且每一样东西都使你感到苦恼和厌倦。返回返回N H C E自测自测技巧技巧Para.4a通常，在你适应一种新文化的通常，在你适应一种新文化的这一阶段中，你会想出一些防卫性的办这一阶段中，你会想出一些防卫性的办法来帮助你应付难关，保护自己免受文法来帮助你应付难关，保护自己免受文化冲击的影响。其中一种办法叫做化冲击的影响。其中一种办法叫做“压压抑法抑法”。当你假装所有的东西都可以接。当你假装所有的东西都可以接受，没有什么东西令你感到烦恼的时候，受，没有什么东西令你感到烦恼的时候，你就是在运用压抑法。你就是在运用压抑法。返回返回N H C E自测自测技巧技巧Para.4b另一种防卫性办法称做另一种防卫性办法称做“倒退倒退法法”。当你的行为举止开始显得比你实际。当你的行为举止开始显得比你实际年龄要小的时候，你就是在运用这种办法。年龄要小的时候，你就是在运用这种办法。这时，你的行为举止像一个小孩。你把什这时，你的行为举止像一个小孩。你把什么都忘掉了，而且有时你会变得粗心大意、么都忘掉了，而且有时你会变得粗心大意、不负责任。第三种防卫性办法叫做不负责任。第三种防卫性办法叫做“孤立孤立法法”。你宁可一个人呆在家里，不想和任。你宁可一个人呆在家里，不想和任何人交流。何人交流。返回返回N H C E自测自测技巧技巧Para.4c你想把自己封闭起来以避免文你想把自己封闭起来以避免文化冲击的影响，至少你是这样认为的。化冲击的影响，至少你是这样认为的。孤立法也许是人们用来对付文化冲击的孤立法也许是人们用来对付文化冲击的最糟糕的办法之一，因为你把那些能真最糟糕的办法之一，因为你把那些能真正帮助你的东西和你隔离开来了。最后正帮助你的东西和你隔离开来了。最后一种防卫性办法叫做一种防卫性办法叫做“排斥法排斥法”。这一。这一办法让你觉得自己不需要任何人帮助。办法让你觉得自己不需要任何人帮助。你觉得你可以独自把事情处理好，所以你觉得你可以独自把事情处理好，所以你就不想求助于人。你就不想求助于人。返回返回N H C E自测自测技巧技巧Para.5你在敌意阶段使用的这些办法并你在敌意阶段使用的这些办法并不能解决问题。如果你仅仅是偶尔运用不能解决问题。如果你仅仅是偶尔运用一下其中一个应付办法来帮助你生存下一下其中一个应付办法来帮助你生存下去，这也无妨。但是你必须谨慎。这些去，这也无妨。但是你必须谨慎。这些办法可能会真的使你受到伤害，因为它办法可能会真的使你受到伤害，因为它们会阻碍你对新的文化作出必要的调整。们会阻碍你对新的文化作出必要的调整。 返回返回N H C E自测自测技巧技巧Para.6a在克服了自己的敌对情绪后，在克服了自己的敌对情绪后，你就会开始认识到文化冲击的短暂性。你就会开始认识到文化冲击的短暂性。然后你就会步入被称为然后你就会步入被称为“恢复期恢复期”的第的第三阶段。在这个阶段，你开始变得积极三阶段。在这个阶段，你开始变得积极起来，而且你会努力去理解所有你不理起来，而且你会努力去理解所有你不理解的东西。解的东西。返回返回N H C E自测自测技巧技巧Para.6b整个形势开始变得对你有利了，整个形势开始变得对你有利了，你会从前面两个阶段出现的症状中恢复你会从前面两个阶段出现的症状中恢复过来。而且你开始使自己适应新的准则、过来。而且你开始使自己适应新的准则、新的价值观念，乃至这个新的国家的各新的价值观念，乃至这个新的国家的各种信念和传统。你开始明白，虽然这种种信念和传统。你开始明白，虽然这种新的文化的特点和你自己国家的文化特新的文化的特点和你自己国家的文化特点有所不同，但其中也必定有值得你学点有所不同，但其中也必定有值得你学习和欣赏的东西。习和欣赏的东西。返回返回N H C E自测自测技巧技巧Para.7文化冲击的最后一个阶段被称文化冲击的最后一个阶段被称为为“适应期适应期”。在这个阶段，你真正达。在这个阶段，你真正达到了感觉良好的境界，因为你已经学到到了感觉良好的境界，因为你已经学到了很多东西了很多东西, , 已经能理解这种新的文化已经能理解这种新的文化了。最初使你感到不舒服或陌生的东西，了。最初使你感到不舒服或陌生的东西，现在已成了你能理解的东西。这种理解现在已成了你能理解的东西。这种理解会减轻你的许多压力。现在你感到自在会减轻你的许多压力。现在你感到自在了，你已经适应了新的文化。了，你已经适应了新的文化。 返回返回N H C E自测自测技巧技巧Para.8a文化冲击是生活在异国他乡的文化冲击是生活在异国他乡的人无法避免的东西。当你在经历文化冲人无法避免的东西。当你在经历文化冲击的这四个阶段时，它似乎并不是一件击的这四个阶段时，它似乎并不是一件有益的事。然而，当你完全适应了某一有益的事。然而，当你完全适应了某一种新的文化时，你会更加充分地喜爱这种新的文化时，你会更加充分地喜爱这种文化的。种文化的。 返回返回N H C E自测自测技巧技巧Para.8b你学会了如何和他人交流，而你学会了如何和他人交流，而且你还了解了不同文化背景的人们的大且你还了解了不同文化背景的人们的大量生活情况。此外，了解其他各种文化，量生活情况。此外，了解其他各种文化，以及懂得当你身处其中时如何去适应所以及懂得当你身处其中时如何去适应所受到的冲击，可以帮助你更好地了解自受到的冲击，可以帮助你更好地了解自己。己。返回返回inspiteof:despite;regardlessof虽然；尽管虽然；尽管 短短 语语 举例举例1 举例举例2公司销售情况虽然稍有改善，但目前仍负债累累。公司销售情况虽然稍有改善，但目前仍负债累累。 Inspiteofaslightincreaseinsales,thecompanyremainsheavyintheredatthemoment.尽管作了巨大努力，我们还是没能完成计划。尽管作了巨大努力，我们还是没能完成计划。Inspiteofgreateffortswefailedtocarryourplansthrough.Back自测自测技巧技巧NHCE随随笔笔 clashwith:cometoafightwith;disagreeaboutsth.with与与冲突，不一致冲突，不一致他的想法总是与父母的不一致，这可能就是代沟他的想法总是与父母的不一致，这可能就是代沟的表现吧。的表现吧。 Hisideasalwaysclashwithhisparents,whichmaybeasignofgenerationgap. 短短 语语Back自测自测技巧技巧NHCE随随笔笔 举例举例1 举例举例2这两个国家经常因为边境纠纷产生冲突。这两个国家经常因为边境纠纷产生冲突。 Thesetwocountriesoftenclashwitheachotheroverborderdispute.havedifficulty(in)doingsth.:havetroubledoingsth.做某做某事有困难事有困难Back自测自测技巧技巧NHCE随随笔笔 搭搭 配配他的英语很糟糕，我很难听懂他。他的英语很糟糕，我很难听懂他。 HisEnglishisverybadandIhavegreatdifficulty(in)understandinghim. 举例举例1 举例举例2他们没费多少劲就在家乡找到了他们出生的那幢他们没费多少劲就在家乡找到了他们出生的那幢房子。房子。Theyhadnodifficulty(in)findingthehousewheretheyhadbeenbornintheirhometown.adjustto/makeadjustmentto:getusedtoanewsituation使适应（新环境），适应使适应（新环境），适应 短短 语语Back 1自测自测技巧技巧NHCE随随笔笔 人体能很快地自行调节以适应气温的变化。人体能很快地自行调节以适应气温的变化。Thebodyquicklyadjustsitselftochangesintemperature. 举例举例1 举例举例2他很快适应了香港的生活。他很快适应了香港的生活。 HemadequickadjustmenttothelifeinHongKong.Back 2befamiliarto:bewellknownto为为所熟所熟悉的，常见（听）到的悉的，常见（听）到的自测自测技巧技巧NHCE随随笔笔 短短 语语他谈论其他文化时仿佛他对它们比对自己的文化他谈论其他文化时仿佛他对它们比对自己的文化还要熟悉。还要熟悉。 Hetalkedofotherculturesasiftheyweremorefamiliartohimthanhisown. 举例举例1 举例举例2这些事实是每个小学生都熟悉的。这些事实是每个小学生都熟悉的。 Thefactsarefamiliartoeverypupil.BackBack自测自测技巧技巧NHCE随随笔笔 be/becometiredof:nolongerwantingsth.orwantingtodosth.厌烦，不耐烦厌烦，不耐烦 短短 语语你的批评我已听烦了。你的批评我已听烦了。 Imtiredofyournegativecomments. 举例举例1 举例举例2如果你一件衣服穿腻了，可以换一件。如果你一件衣服穿腻了，可以换一件。 Whenyoubecometiredofonedress,changetoanother.distress:vt. makesb.feelveryupset 使痛苦；使使痛苦；使苦恼苦恼 n.afeelingofextremeunhappiness 痛痛苦，苦恼苦，苦恼Back自测自测技巧技巧NHCE随随笔笔 单单 词词听到你父亲去世的噩耗我非常难过。听到你父亲去世的噩耗我非常难过。 Iwasmostdistressedtohearthesadnewsofyourfathersdeath. 举例举例1 举例举例2亚瑟的来访给他带来更多的痛苦，而不是愉快。亚瑟的来访给他带来更多的痛苦，而不是愉快。 Arthursvisitscausedhimmoredistressthanpleasure.cope: v. (ofaperson)dealwithsth.difficultsuccessfully（成功地）应付，能对付成功地）应付，能对付工作太多，我们的计算机难以应付。工作太多，我们的计算机难以应付。 Therewastoomuchworkforourcomputertocopewith. 单单 词词Back自测自测技巧技巧NHCE随随笔笔 举例举例1 举例举例2学校体制必须能适应学生人数的变化。学校体制必须能适应学生人数的变化。 Schoolcommunitieshavetocopewithchangingnumbersofpupils.protectsb./sth.against: keepsb./sth.safefrom,defendsb./sth.保护某人保护某人/ /某物免受某物免受由于今冬特别寒冷，市民要采取措施做好防冻工由于今冬特别寒冷，市民要采取措施做好防冻工作。作。 Astheweatherisextremelycoldthiswinter,thecitizensshouldtakemeasurestoprotectthemselvesagainstthefreeze. 短短 语语Back自测自测技巧技巧NHCE随随笔笔 举例举例1 举例举例2村民们加固了房屋来防震。村民们加固了房屋来防震。The villagersreinforcedtheirhousestoprotectthemselvesagainstearthquakes.separatesb.from: keeppeopleorthingsapartfromeachother使分离，分开使分离，分开Back自测自测技巧技巧NHCE随随笔笔 举例举例1应该把这个病人与其他患者分开。应该把这个病人与其他患者分开。 Thispatientshouldbeseparatedfromtheothers. 举例举例2那男孩是在城里长大的，所以觉得很难区分杂草那男孩是在城里长大的，所以觉得很难区分杂草和麦子。和麦子。 Broughtupintown,theboyfindsitdifficulttoseparateaweedfromawheat. 短短 语语preventsb./sth.from(doingsth.):stopsb.orsth.from(doingsth.)阻止，防止阻止，防止Back自测自测技巧技巧NHCE随随笔笔 短短 语语 举例举例1谁阻止他们的计划不让实施谁阻止他们的计划不让实施? ?Whopreventstheirplansfrombeingcarriedout? 举例举例2他的残疾让他无法开车。他的残疾让他无法开车。 Hisdisabilitypreventshim(from)driving.Back自测自测技巧技巧NHCE随随笔笔 developcomprehensionof:understandsth.fully理解，了解理解，了解 搭搭 配配 举例举例1到学校只一个月，他就了解了所有的规章制度。到学校只一个月，他就了解了所有的规章制度。 Onlyonemonthafterheenteredtheschool,hedevelopedcomprehensionofalltherulesandregulationsthere. 举例举例2他设法了解当地文化以便尽早适应当地生活。他设法了解当地文化以便尽早适应当地生活。 Hetriedtodevelopcomprehensionoflocalculturesothathecouldadjusttothelocallifeassoonaspossible.recoverfrom:returntoanormalstatefromanillness,accident,shock,etc.从从恢复到恢复到正常状态正常状态 Back自测自测技巧技巧NHCE随随笔笔 短短 语语 举例举例1他现在已完全从震惊中恢复了过来。他现在已完全从震惊中恢复了过来。 Hesnowfullyrecoveredfromtheshock. 举例举例2他从未真正从丧妻的悲伤中恢复过来。他从未真正从丧妻的悲伤中恢复过来。 Heneverreallyrecoveredfromthesadnessofhiswifesdeath.Back自测自测技巧技巧NHCE随随笔笔 appreciate:vt.1)understandandenjoy(sth.)欣欣 赏赏, , 赏识赏识 2)understand(sth.)withsympathy理解理解，意识到，懂得，意识到，懂得 单单 词词你无法通过译作去充分欣赏莎士比亚的作品。你无法通过译作去充分欣赏莎士比亚的作品。 YoucantfullyappreciateShakespeareintranslation. 举例举例1 举例举例2我理解你的问题，但我想我无法帮助你。我理解你的问题，但我想我无法帮助你。 Iappreciateyourproblem,butIdontthinkIcanhelpyou.alleviate: v.makesth.lessserious;ease减轻；减轻；缓和缓和他们用唱歌来消除由于等待带来的疲倦。他们用唱歌来消除由于等待带来的疲倦。 Theyalleviatedthetiringwaitingbysingingsongs.Back自测自测技巧技巧NHCE随随笔笔 举例举例1 举例举例2我们想帮助他们缓解粮食短缺的状况。我们想帮助他们缓解粮食短缺的状况。 Wewanttohelpalleviatetheirlackoffood. 单单 词词gothrough: experienceaparticularprocess通过；完成（某阶段）通过；完成（某阶段） 短短 语语Back自测自测技巧技巧NHCE随随笔笔 举例举例1这个国家经历了太多的战争。这个国家经历了太多的战争。Thecountryhasgonethroughtoomanywars. 举例举例2新的法律通过各个阶段的程序了没有？新的法律通过各个阶段的程序了没有？ Hasthenewlawgonethroughallitsstagesyet?Back自测自测技巧技巧NHCE随随笔笔 interactwith: communicatewith交流交流 短短 语语 举例举例1他是聋哑人，我们很难与他交流。他是聋哑人，我们很难与他交流。 Heisdeafandmute,anditishardforustointeractwithhim. 举例举例2有了互联网的帮助，我们可以和世界各地的人进有了互联网的帮助，我们可以和世界各地的人进行交流。行交流。WiththehelpoftheInternet,wecaninteractwithpeopleallovertheworld.N H C EQ1Whenmyhusbandwaspromotedweputourhouseupforsale.Threeweekslaterwewerestillonthemarket.Ibecameabusyhousekeeper.Everyroomhadtobekepttidyanddisheshadtobewashedandputawaywhenused.Thenonedaythedoorbellrangunexpectedlyateighta.m.,sleepilyIopenedthedoorandsawouragentstandingtherewithacouplefromNewYork.返回返回自测自测技巧技巧TobecontinuedPassage1N H C EQ2Therewasnotimetocall,heexplained.Thecouplehastocatchaplanehome.Thethreepeoplemadetheirwaypastthedirtybreakfastdishesonthekitchentableandintoabedroomwithunmadebeds.AsIretreatedintoabathroomtocombmyhair,Iheardthemansaysomethingtohiswife.Thentheybothlaughed.返回返回自测自测技巧技巧TobecontinuedN H C ETwodayslatertheagentphonedtotellmethatthecouplehadboughtthehouse.Q3Herepeatedwhatthebuyerhadsaidwhenhehandedoverthecheckthefollowingday,“Thathousehasawarmlived-infeelingjustlikeours.”返回返回自测自测技巧技巧N H C EFormanyyearsT-shirtsweresimpleshort-sleevedundershirtsformenandboys.T-shirtsusedtobeofonecolorwhite.Andsincetheywerewornundershirts,theyweregenerallynotseen.TodaytheT-shirthasbecomefashionable.返回返回自测自测技巧技巧TobecontinuedPassage2N H C EItcanbeseeneverywhereandoneveryone.WomenandlittlechildrenwearT-shirts,asdoteenagers,universitystudentsandmenfromallwalksoflife. T-shirtsarewornontheplayground,atthebeachorintown.Theycanalsobewornforwork.Yet,T-shirtsremainrelativelyinexpensiveandlongwearingaswellaseasytocarefor.返回返回自测自测技巧技巧TobecontinuedN H C EQ5Smartandconvenienttowear,theyhavebecomeoneofAmericasnewestideasonfashion.AlthoughT-shirtsarenowavailableinawidevarietyofbrightmaterialsandstyles,Q4themostpopularkindisthetraditionalcottonT-shirtswithasloganorpictureprintedonthefront.返回返回自测自测技巧技巧TobecontinuedN H C E.Q6AsT-shirtsarebecomingmoreandmorepopularnewdesignsarecomingupallthetime. 返回返回自测自测技巧技巧N H C EWhenyoutakeawalkinanyofthecitiesinthewest,youoftenseealotofpeoplewalkingdogs.Q10Itisstilltruethatthedogisthemostusefulandfaithfulanimalintheworld.Butthereasonswhypeoplekeepadoghavechanged.Q7Intheolddayspeopleusedtotraindogstoprotectthemselvesagainstattacksbyotherbeasts.返回返回自测自测技巧技巧TobecontinuedPassage3N H C EAndlatertheycametorealizethatadogwasnotonlyusefulforaprotectionbutwillingtoobeyhismaster.Q8Forexample,whenpeopleuseddogsforhuntingthedogswouldnoteatwhatwascaughtwithoutpermission.Butnowpeopleinacityneednottoprotectthemselvesagainstattacksofanimals.返回返回自测自测技巧技巧TobecontinuedN H C EWhydotheykeepdogsthen?Somepeoplekeepdogstoprotectthemselvesfromrobbery.Q9Butthemostimportantreasonisforcompanionship.Forachild,adogishisbestfriendwhenhehasnofriendstoplaywith.Foryoungcouples,adogistheirchildwhentheyhavenochildren. 返回返回自测自测技巧技巧TobecontinuedN H C EForoldcouples,adogisalsotheirchildwhentheirrealchildrenhavegrownup.Sothemainreasonwhypeoplekeepdogshaschangedfromprotectiontofriendship. 返回返回自测自测技巧技巧109 以上有不当之处，请大家给与批评指正，以上有不当之处，请大家给与批评指正，谢谢大家！谢谢大家！