人教版人教版英语英语第35讲定语从句中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在定语从句的功能，结构和关系词的用法上，重点考查由that，which，who引导的定语从句。高频考向一定语从句的关系词定语从句在句中作定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系代词who，whom，that，which，whose或关系副词when，where，why等引出。who，whom，that代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you？他是想见你的那个人吗？He is the man(who/whom/that)I saw yesterday.他是昨天我看到的那个人。which，that代替的先行词是指代事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。如：Mary likes music that/which is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。The coat(that/which)I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的外套是蓝色的。whose用来指人或物，在句中只用作定语，如：Please pass me the book whose cover is green.请把封面是绿色的那本书递给我。关系副词有when，where，why，它们在句中作状语。如：Ill never forget the days when we studied together.我永远忘不了我们一起学习的那些日子。This is the city where my father worked ten years ago.这是我爸十年前工作的城市。Do you know the reason why he was late for school?你知道他上学迟到的原因吗？【例1】 Which song do you like better，Lucy?I prefer the song Little Apple _ can attract many people.(2015，黄冈)Awhich Bwho Cwhom Dwhere解析：分析答语可知，此句为含有定语从句的主从复合句，空格处在定语从句中作主语，且指代前面表示物的名词song，故用关系代词which/that。句意为“露西，你更喜欢哪首歌？”“我更喜欢小苹果这首歌，它能吸引许多人。”答案：_A_【例2】 Everyone _ has been to Shanghai says it is a modern city.(2015，德州)Awhy Bwhose Cwho Dwhich解析：从句子结构看，题干是含有定语从句的复合句。why作引导词，其先行词一般为reason，在定语从句中充当原因状语；whose引导定语从句，通常在从句中作定语，故排除A、B两项；先行词表示人，用引导词who，先行词表示物，用引导词that或which；该句中的先行词是everyone指人。答案：_C_【例3】 This is the primary school _ I studied three years ago.Awhere Bwhen Cthat Dwhich解析：先行词school在定语从句中作studied的地点状语。答案：_A_高频考向二关系词只能用that而不用which的情况当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.这是我所看过的最激烈的一场足球赛。当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：The first thing that you could do was to turn off the light.你首先要做的就是关灯。当先行词为all，everything，nothing，something，anything，little，much，none等不定代词时(something后也可用which)。如：All that we have to do for our students is to tell them how to speak English in class.我们要为学生做的所有的事情就是告诉他们如何在课上说英语。Im going to buy everything that I need.我要去买我所需要的一切东西。当先行词前面有only，just，very，any，no等词修饰时。如：Thats the only thing that we can do now.那是我们现在唯一能做的事情。当先行词既指人又指物时。如：They are talking about things and persons that they remembered.他们正在谈论他们所能回忆起来的人或事。【例4】 The Palace Museum is the best place _ Ive ever visited.Athat Bwhich Cwhere Dwhat解析：在先行词place前有形容词最高级best修饰，关系词只能用that。答案：_A_【例5】 Look at the boy and his dog _ are coming this way.Awho Bwhich Cthat Dwhom解析：先行词既指人又指物时，关系代词用that。答案：_C_高频考向三关系词只能用who(whom)而不用that的情况当先行词为all，any或其合成词或a few且指人时。如：Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.任何违法的人都会受到惩罚。当先行词为that，this，those或these且指人时。如：Those who hadnt bought the tickets for the train crowded in the waiting hall.那些还没买着票的人挤在候车厅里。当先行词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，在口语中用who或whom引导均可，但如直接位于介词后作宾语时，只能用whom。如：The guest (who/whom) Ill first introduce to you is a little girl.我首先要介绍给你们的客人是一位小姑娘。I met a few friends of mine，among whom was my old classmate.我遇见几位朋友，其中一位是我的老同学。【例6】 Success will belong to those _ never say “impossible”Awhom BwhatCwho Dwhich解析：先行词是those，故关系代词用who。答案：_C_