2012015 5年考研英语完形填空Alex WanAlex Wan Why you are here today?Why you are here today?Icame,isaw,iconquered.Ifought,ithought,andiwouldsucceednomatterwhat!考研考什么？考研靠什么？毅力 determination/resolutiondetermination/resolution坚持persistence/perseverencepersistence/perseverence忍耐tolerancetolerance考研考什么？考研靠什么？我的3 3个roomateroomate的故事：A.A.河北师范学院幼师毕业，辞职到北京考研，先就职于德勤，B.B.河北师范大学自考专科，本科毕业，考到对外经济贸易大学公费，先就职于国家开发银行深圳分行C.C.安徽财经大学英语本科毕业，考到对外经济贸易大学，现在美国作housewifehousewife，衣食无忧，飞来飞去考研考什么？考研靠什么？这说明了什么？学得好不如嫁得好？他们都在考研中坚持了下来，并通过考研找到了一个新的平台，成功改变了自己的命运！考研英语完形填空讲座你自己的勤于练习，苦于揣摩考研历年真题详解完形填空的解题思路和步骤完形填空的命题特点完形填空在考研英语中的比重完形填空在考研英语中的比重完形填空即考研英语的第一部分英语知识应用，大纲规定该部分不仅考察对不同语境中规范的语言要素（包括词汇、表达方式和结构）的掌握程度，而且还考察考生对语段特征（如连贯性和一致性等）的辨识能力等。Percentage完形填空在考试中所占完形填空在考试中所占的分值是的分值是10%。在。在2001年题型改革之前，年题型改革之前，1994年到年到2000年的年的7篇完形篇完形文章中各含有文章中各含有10道题，道题，累计累计10分分。2001年改革年改革后到现在，每篇文章中后到现在，每篇文章中含有含有20道题道题，但总分值，但总分值没有发生变化，没有发生变化，每题改每题改为为0.5分分。 完形填空的命题特点完形填空试题主要是用来考查考生综合运用各项英语基础知识的能力，特别是考查考生对文章整体内容理解的深度。它要求在熟练掌握语法、词语和其他语言知识的基础上，善于完整地、全面地接受文章内容，认识文章的结构和各部分的逻辑关系，善于在文章中发现并捕捉信息点，通过分析思考，做出准确的判断，选出最符合文章内容要求的答案。大纲要求：在一篇240280词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。Have a try！vAs many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly cant remember 1_ we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintances name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2_, we refer to these occurrences as senior moments. 3_ seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a (n) 4_ impact on our professional, social, and personal 5_.v1. Awhere Bwhen Cthat Dwhyv2. Aimproves Bfades Crecovers Dcollapsesv3. AIf BUnless COnce DWhilev4. Auneven Blimited Cdamaging Dobscurev5. Awellbeing Benvironment Crelationship DoutlookvHow many have you got correct?vWhat can we learn from your mistakes?vNeuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that theres actually a lot that can be done. It 6_ out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7_ can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8_. Thinking is essentially a 9_ of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10_ in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11_, because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12_ mental effort.v6. Aturns Bfinds Cpoints Dfiguresv7. Aroundabouts Bresponses Cworkouts Dassociationsv8. Agenre Bfunctions Ccircumstances Dcriterionv9. Achannel Bcondition Csequence Dprocessv10. Apersist Bbelieve Cexcel Dfeaturev11. A Therefore B Moreover C Otherwise D Howeverv12. Aaccording to Bregardless of Capart from Dinstead ofv完形填空的命题特点出题的三个方向1主要考试题型及备考策略2出题的三个方向总的来说，完形填空为了测试考生实际应用英语的能力和语感, 是从语篇(discourse)的角度综合测试考生的阅读理解能力、词汇的掌握和对英语习惯用语的熟悉程度、以及语法规则的灵活运用。因此，考试出题的三个方向是： 1. 词汇（占：2/3左右）完形填空对英语词汇的考查，重点在词语搭配上。其次，还对近义词、形近词有所偏重。因此，在复习上，考生要以大纲词汇为主，重点加强英语词汇的基础应用。But they insisted that its 43_ results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the bulk of the English population. 43.AmomentaryBprompt Cinstant Dimmediate (1998年真题) 答案：D出题的三个方向 2. 语法结构：完形填空中语法结构辨析题所占比重较大，其中句法结构占20%25%的比例，介词及连词用法占15%的比例。语法结构辨析题包含对定语从句、名词性从句、倒装语序、虚拟语气、比较结构和非谓语动词的考查。因此在复习时考生要重点掌握常考语法考点，了解考查类型及出题角度。He will not buy a poorly made auto, if there is a better _ for sale at the same price.A. choice B. one C. ones D. shop答案：B出题的三个方向 3. 语篇衔接：语篇理解题是完形填空中难度较大的一种类型，主要包括逻辑关系、上下文推理与衔接等。语义辨析题需要通过语篇或上下文信息才能够准确判断的题型，主要遵循承上启下的解题原则，即只有联系前文或后文的信息才能够准确判断正确答案，建议复习时重点关注文章逻辑关系，学会在上下文中寻找解题信息。 44 its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of parttimers and temporary workers. A Even though B Now that既然 C If only D Provided that 【1997】He must store a large quantity of grain 41 consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family 42 he produces a surplus.41. A other than B as well as C instead of D more than 【2000】出题的内容及主题1994年词的使用(the choice of words)1995年睡眠(sleep)1996年维生素(vitamins)1997年人力资源公司与临时就业(Manpower Inc. and temporary employment)1998年工业革命(Industrial Revolution)1999年工业安全(industrial safety)2000年农民的生产与消费(a famers consumption revolution)2001年买通证人问题(witness payments)2002年通讯革命(the communication revolution)2003年青少年与变化(young adults and changes)出题的内容及主题：偏向社会学2004年青少年犯罪的原因(the causes of juvenile delinquency)2005年人的鼻子(the human nose)2006年流浪者问题(the problem of homeless )2007年-政治与宗教（politics&religion）2008年-智力的进化（evolutionofintelligence）2009年-聪明的代价（costofsmarts）2010年-质疑霍桑效应（经济学问题）2011年-幽默（howhumormakesUfriendlier，sexier？）2012年-ethics，politics&law2013年-aquestionofjudgement2014年-memory&aging考研阅读文章的来源：Economist、Newsweek和Times等是比较重要的杂志，题材偏重的文章内容涉及社会科学、自然科学和人文科目各个领域的知识。提醒：征服考研英语的正道就是，以真题研究为主，读外刊文章辅之，而且外刊文章必须大量精读几十篇，只靠真题几篇文章是不够的。前期准备Economist每日一篇2010年-2011年http:/www.douban.com/group/topic/22845469/?start=100最新Economist经典译文赏析eco中文网http:/www.ecocn.org/bbs-121-1.html主要考试题型及备考策略 词汇题(比重最大) 语法题语篇题三大题型三大题型词汇题 词汇是使用语言表达思想时所需的最基本的要素。英语中的一些词汇的运用非常灵活，一个词可以用作不同的词性，搭配和词义也有所变化。例如：green可以做三种词性形容词、名词和动词，搭配和用法都有所不同。有些动词可以组成若干个动词词组，比如动词get, come, go等。这就要求考生在熟记词义的同时灵活掌握词汇在不同语境的运用。实际上，“英语知识运用”不但要求考生掌握所规定词汇的意义，而且要求考生能在实践中运用恰当的词汇。词汇题这类题型主要考察以下几个方面：（1）单纯地考察单词或者短语的释义、习语（即一些固定词组的意义）以及固定搭配（介词与名词、介词与形容词、介词与动词、动词与副词、动词与名词的搭配等）例如：1）, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a _bill that will propose making payments to witnesses(2001)A. sketch B. rough C. preliminary D. draft答案：D （单词释义）词汇题2）There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety _. (1999) A. comes off B. turns up C. pays off D. holds up 答案：C （介词与动词的搭配）词汇题3）As was discussed before, it was not _1_the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant preelectronic medium, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the _2_ of the periodical.（2002）1. A. after B. by C. during D. until 2. A. process B. company C. light D. form答案：1. D （固定搭配）2. B （习语固定词组释义）词汇题4）,when West Indian planters refused to _ concessions,A. pass B. declare C. endure D. make答案：D （动词与名词的搭配）词汇题5）As far as punctuation is _, a row of exclamation or questionA. used B. known C. concerned D. observed答案：C （习语固定词组释义）词汇题（2）词义辨析题主要考察两方面：一是形近义异词、形异义近词的辨析（这类题较难）例如：1）Since chimpanzees do not appear to have developed complexlanguage, the study suggested the finding could mean three _ things.A. distinct B. instinct C. extinct D. succinct答案：D （形近义异词辨析）词汇题2）Experts said the study _ new questions about the ability of chimpanzees to communicate.A. lifted B. upheld C. raised D. aroused答案：C（形异义近词辨析）词汇题二是根据上下文对形容词，名词，副词，动词的异形异义词的辨析选择。词汇题：词义辨析（近年有增加趋势）例如：1）It is generally recognized, however, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, _1_by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, although its impact on the media was not immediately _2_.(2002)1. A. brought B. followed C. stimulated D. characterized2. A. apparent B. desirable C. negative D. plausible答案：1. B （动词词义辨析）2. A （形容词词义辨析）词汇题：词义辨析（近年有增加趋势）2）As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as _1_, with display becoming sharper and storage _2_ increasing. （2002）1. A. institutional B. universal C. fundamental D. instrumental2. A. ability B. capability C. capacity D. faculty答案：1. A (形容词词义辨析) 2. C （名词词义辨析）词汇题：词义辨析（近年有增加趋势）3）He must either sell some of his property or _ extra funds in the form of loans. （2000）A. search B. save C. offer D. seek答案：D （名词词义辨析）4）When the work is well done, a _ of accidentfree operations is established where time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum. (1999)A. regulation B. climate C. circumstances D. requirement答案：B （名词词义辨析）词汇题：词义辨析（近年有增加趋势）5）Successful safety programs may _ greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program.A. alter B. differ C. shift D. distinguish答案：B （动词词义辨析）词汇题：词义辨析（近年有增加趋势）词汇题：词义辨析（近年有增加趋势）6）Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the _1_ of some kind of organization with a supportive adult _2_ visible in the background. (2003)1. A. consent B. insurance C. admission D. security2. A. particularly B. barely C. definitely D. rarely答案：1. D （名词词义辨析） 2. B （副词词义辨析）Given the intensified situation in that region, the company cannot tackle the current_ difficulty.A. economic B. economicalC. financial D. economicsIt is no (2) that a large number of violent crimes are committed under the influence of alcohol. According to the latest statistics, every year, in New York alone, murders due to alcohol abuse A) coincidenceB) occurrenceC) inspiration D) intuition The new secretary has written a remarkably (1) report. With a few hundred words, she incorporated all the required details. A) conciseB) briskC) precise D) elaborate The (1) of knowledge is largely through diligence, which seems to be ignored by many college students.A. study B. learningC. acquisition D. controlling词汇题备考策略1掌握词汇的搭配2归纳区分近义词3词根词缀扩展词汇4 熟记常用词组熟记常用词组熟记常用词组考研词汇的考试范围在考试大纲所规定的单词范围以内。但是大纲没有列出词组，所以考生们要自己掌握相应的词组。特别注意两点：一些词可以同许多词搭配构成词组时的不同含义一个词组有几种不同的含义熟记常用词组例如：get about/around/round:（消息、谣言等）传开get across:（使）被理解；（把）讲清楚get at:到达，够着；意指，了解；掌握，查明get by：通过，走过；（勉强）过活get over：克服（困难、偏见等）；从（病、损失等）中恢复过来；把忘怀；原谅熟记常用词组因此，要掌握好词组及其用法是要下一番功夫的。考生在记忆单词时，不能机械地死记硬背，要将词组放到具体的语境中去体会，依据上下文的意思来帮助理解和记忆。否则，词义极易被混淆，即使花上大力气，往往会事半功倍，效果不尽人意。掌握词汇的搭配熟悉词汇的搭配是词汇学习的一个重要方面。只知词义，不知其用法，是考生词汇学习中的一个大问题。学生“掌握”的词汇中，绝大部分是认知词而不能将“掌握”的词汇应用到语言表达中去，其中一个主要原因就是对词汇的搭配不熟悉，而仅仅记住了孤立的词义。掌握词汇的搭配不仅对解答完形填空有益，还有助于考生做好其他项目的考题，如翻译、写作等。常用与介词有关的搭配总结介词+名词in advance：提前，预先in the air：在流传中，在传播中in all：总共，总计in brief：简言之in case：假如，万一in any case：无论如何，总之in no case：绝不in charge：负责，主管in common：共用，共有，共同in conclusion：总之in consequence: 因此，结果in danger：在危险中in debt：负债in detail：详细地in difficulties：处境困难in the distance：在远处in effect：有效，实际上in the end：最后，终于in essence：大体上，本质上in any event：无论如何in exchange：交换in fact：事实上常用与介词有关的搭配总结介词+名词on business：因公on the contrary：反之，正相反on duty：值班，上班on earth：究竟，到底on fire：着火on foot：步行on guard：警惕，防范on hand：在手边，临近on occasion：有时，不时on ones honor：以名誉担保on second thought：经重新考虑on the sly：偷偷地，冷不防地on ones own：独自地on purpose：故意地on sale：出卖on a large scale：大规模地on schedule：按预定时间on the spot：当地，在现场on time：准时on the whole：总的来说，on the side：作为兼职，额外out of breath：上气不接下气out of control：失去控制out of danger：脱离危险常用与介词有关的搭配总结介词+名词out of balance：失去平衡out of date：过期out of fashion：过时out of order：失调，发生故障out of place：不适当的out of sight：在视野之外，out of step：不协调，步调不一致out of work：失业be+形容词+介词be absorbed in：专心于be accustomed to：习惯于be afraid of：害怕be anxious about：忧虑be apparent to：明显be applicable to：适用于be appropriate to：适合于be ashamed of：为感到惭愧be aware of：知道，意识到be beneficial to：有益于be capable of：可以的be certain of：确信be concerned with：关心，挂念，从事于be concerned about：担心常用与介词有关的搭配总结be confident of/in：确信be conscious of：意识到be consistent withbe doubt of/about：对有怀疑be eager for：渴求be equivalent to：等于，相be essential to：对不可少be familiar to/with：熟悉（为所熟悉）be fit for/to：适合于be guilty of：有罪be helpful to：对有益be identical with：与相同be inadequate to：不充足be incapable of：不能的be incompatible with：与不相容的be inferior to：低于be jealous of：妒忌be keen on：喜欢，渴望be liable for：有的责任be loyal to：忠于be parallel to：和平行proportional to：与成比例常用与介词有关的搭配总结be+形容词+介词be ready for：为做好准备be relative/relevant to：与有关，涉及be representative/Indicative of：可代表的be resistant to：抵抗，反抗be responsible for：对负责be rich in：富有be sensible to：对敏感be separate from：与分离名词+介词attempt at：对的尝试attraction to：对的吸引authority on：（方面）的权威attitude to：对的态度attendance at：出席 bargain with：与讨价还价candidate for：的候选人capacity for：的能力care for：对的关心collision with：与的碰撞或冲突comment on：对的评论caution against：对的防备comparison with：与比较compensation for：对的补偿常用与介词有关的搭配总结名词+介词lecture on：有关的演讲（讲课）leisure for：有空做某事limit to：对的限制longing for：对的渴望loyalty to：对的忠诚obedience to：对的服从objection to：对的反对observation on：对的见解、评论operation on：做的手术passion for：对的爱好pity for：对的同情preface to：的序言precaution against：预防的措施preference for：对的偏爱preparation for：为而做的准备pride in：为而感到自豪、骄傲proficiency in：对的精通prohibition of：对的禁止reason for：的理由reference to：对的提及reflections on：对的反思、回忆reliance on：对的依靠remarks on：对的评论requirement for：对的要求常用与介词有关的搭配总结名词+介词research into/on：对的研究resistance to：对的研究respect for：对的尊重responsibility for：对负有责任reward for：对的回报search for：对的搜查sorrow for：对的遗憾success in：在方面成功suspicion of：对的怀疑sympathy for/with：对的同情traitor to：的叛徒trust in：对的信任vicinity to：的近邻witness to/of：的见证人wonder at：对的惊讶zeal for：对的热情、热心 归纳区分近义词以及一些同范畴的词将近义词以及一些同范畴的词放在一起记忆，可以帮助考生记忆单词，扩大词汇量。例如：Tease/mock/scorn/laugh/criticizeAnger/fury/rage/indignationadequate/enough/sufficientdealwith/addressto/handle/tackle/copewithsurvey/poll/investicationthing/occcurence/coincidence/affaire/scandal/event在区分同义词、近义词时注意区分两方面：1. 词的意义2. 词的用法（包括搭配）利用词根词缀扩展词汇大纲中列出一些前缀与后缀，考生需要牢记。例如：ultrasound“超声波”（大纲中没有）ultra表示“超”；“过”（大纲中有）sound表示“声音”（大纲中有）ultravioletpro-reformpartypro-abortionlawpro-gaybilldeforestationdeglobalization语法题全面、扎实的语法知识在做题中至关重要，可以帮助考生更好地把握上下文的内容和逻辑关系。例如：Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.They do not provide energy, _1_ do they construct or build any part of the body. A. either B. so C. nor D. never答案：1. C 语法题语法题(6)形容词和副词的比较结构以及特殊结构(5)倒装、强调、否定、反义疑问句，插入语等特殊句型(4)主从复合句及连接用语的用法(2)虚拟语气(3)非限定性动词（非谓语动词） (1)动词的时态动词的时态和语态和语态 动词的时态和语态根据大纲的要求，动词的时态主要考察以下五种：一般现在时，一般过去时，进行时，完成时，以及含有将来时间的时态。动词的时态和语态动词的语态主要有主动和被动，下面是运用被动语态的几种特殊情况：1）有些表示状态或特征的及物动词没有被动形式，如：become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit等。例如：He became a boss at the age of 62.动词的时态和语态2）某些动词的主动语态形式表示被动含义，如：feel, smell, taste, look, write, wash, read, cut, sell等。例如：The food smells delicious.3)动词want, need, desire, require, deserve和介词worth之后直接接动名词形式表示被动的含义。例如：The engine needs a thorough examination.(4)by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句，主句用将来完成时。如：By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year. 虚拟语气从句中的（should）+do句型特殊结构If引导的从句引导的从句三种单用句型结构三种单用句型结构 1）If引导的从句 主要有两种形式：真实条件从句和非真实条件从句（通过虚拟语气来表达）非真实条件从句有以下考点：1. 主句用would/could/should + 动词原形，从句用一般过去时（be动词的过去式为were），表示与现在事实相反例如：If I were the president, I would declare November 1 a national holiday 1）If引导的从句2. 主句用would/could/should + have done，从句用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反。例如：If the passenger had got to the airport ten minutes before the departure time, he would not have missed the flight. 1）If引导的从句3. 主句用would/could/should + 动词原形，从句用should do或were to do结构，表示与将来事实相反例如：He is such a chain smoker. If he were to give up smoking tomorrow, I would walk on my head.1）If引导的从句4.混合时态的虚拟：主句和从句分别表示两个时态，动词形式依照上述三种形式进行相应的变化。注：这类虚拟语气常常省略if，将从句中的系动词和助动词提到主语之前，变成倒装句。例如：The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished.相关的成百万的计算如果用手工进行的话，到计算结束的时候，它们就都丧失了实际意义。 从句中的（should）+do句型 英语中有些表示要求、建议、提议、命令、意愿等的形容词、动词和名词，其后若带有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句，从句中的动词要用虚拟语气形式，即should）+动词原形（do）这类形容词有：advisable; appropriate; desirable; essential; imperative; important; insistent; keen; necessary; preferable; urgent; vital等。从句中的（should）+do句型名词有：advice; decision; demand; desire; insistence; instruction; order; motion; preference; proposal; recommendation; request; requirement; resolution; suggestion等。动词有：advise; ask; beg; decide; demand; desire; determine; insist; intend; maintain; move; propose; order; recommend; request; require; resolve; suggest; urge等。特殊结构以下结构引出的从句，如果是现在的情况，要用一般过去时；如果是过去的情况，要用过去完成时。1. It is about/high time (that)“是时间了”例如：Its high time that the government took some measure to protect the environment.2. Would rather/had rather“宁愿”例如：I could go myself, but I would rather you went.特殊结构3. wish“希望”例如：I wish I were as rich as you.4. If only“要是就好了”1）表示不可能或很难实现的愿望，动词用过去时，be动词用were，例如：If only he werent so thickskinned.2）表示对过去发生的事情表示遗憾，动词用过去完成时例如：If only you hadnt told him what I said!特殊结构5. as if/as though“仿佛，好像”可以用来陈述事实，也可以用来表示假设（好像是什么而实际上或心里认为根本或可能不是那么回事）。在表示假设的句子中，动词用过去式表示现在，用过去完成时表示过去。例如：Sometimes he acts as if he didnt have a brain in his head.You look as if you had seen a ghost.三种单用句型结构 1. should have done “本该做却没做”例如：We should have told them the truth from the beginning. 2. should not have done “本不该做却做了”例如：He shouldnt have blamed his son for breaking the glass vase. 三种单用句型结构 3. need not have done “本没有必要做却做了”例如：I neednt have taken my umbrella, since the hotel prepared many for guests.语法题（3）非限定性动词（非谓语动词）（4）主从复合句及连接用语的用法（5）倒装、强调、否定、反义疑问句，插入语等特殊句型（6）形容词和副词的比较结构以及特殊结构动名词做介词宾语注意：下列短语中的to是介词，不是不定式符号：object to, resort to, react to, contribute to, look forward to, be accustomed to, be committed to, be exposed to, be subjected to, be devoted to, be dedicated to, be opposed to, be reconciled to, be contrary to, be (get) used to, come close to, get down to, give oneself up to, preferto, see to, set to, take to, in addition to, with regard to, with a view to, on the way to 语法例题1）Moreover, inaccurate or indefinite words may make _ difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him. (94) A. that B. it C. so D. this 答案：B （it做形式宾语）语法例题2) The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases _ the trial of Rosemary West. (2001)A. as to B. for instance C. in particular D. such as 答案：D (连接手段)语法例题3) The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which _1_ the European Convention on Human Rights legally binding in Britain, laid down that everybody was _2_ to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. (2001)1. A. changes B. makes C. sets D. turns2. A. authorized B. credited C. entitled D. qualified答案：1. B （“动词+宾语+形容词”结构） 2. C （动词短语辨析）语法例题4）“Press freedom will be in safe hands _our British judges,” he said.（2001）A. with B. to C. from D. by答案：A （介词用法）语法例题5）Publication of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a storm of media protest when he said the interpretation of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges _ to Parliament. (2001) A. better than B. other than C. rather than D. sooner than答案：C （与than搭配的连接手段）语法例题6）They were thought of, like people, _1_ generations, with the distance between generations much_2_.(2002)1. A. by the means of B. in terms of C. with regard to D. in line with 2. A. deeper B. fewer C. nearer D. smaller答案：1. B （连接手段） 2. D （形容词与名词的固定搭配）语法例题7）Concerns were raised _1_ witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to _2_ guilty verdicts. (2001)1. A. what B. when C. which D. that 2. A. assure B. confide C. ensure D. guarantee答案：1. D （同位语从句关联词用法）2. C （同义词、近义词辨析）备考策略全面掌握大纲规定的基础语法考点并加以灵活运用。语篇题作为一项综合技能测试，“英语知识运用”首先检验的是阅读能力。它可以说是阅读理解题的一个变体，所以解题的首要步骤是将短文的大意理解清楚。这就需要考生识别上下文的提示，即句子与句子之间的相互连接和相互定义的关系。这一题型主要考察上下文推理衔接，逻辑关系等等。可以通过利用以下文的手段找出最后答案。语篇题12利用一般常识知识3利用逻辑关系利用上下文利用上下文逻辑关系手段1) 并列关系: and, and also, furthermore, besides, in addition, or, or else, alternatively, nor, and not, likewise, similarly, in the same way2) 顺序关系: first, first of all, and then, to begin with, what is more, what is more important, finally,3) 分指关系: which, that , who, when, where, whereas, while4) 转折关系: all the same, anyhow, as a matter of fact, at the same time, but, by the way, incidentally, in fact, instead, nevertheless, now, on the contrary, on the other hand, still, though, to change the subject, yet逻辑关系手段5) 解释关系: for example, for instance, I mean, in other words, namely, that is, that is to say, furthermore, hence, moreover6) 因果关系: so, because, since, as, in that, now that, accordingly, consequently, hence, therefore, thus, as a consequence, in consequence, for that reason, as a result,利用上下文例如：1）He can continue to support himself and his family _ he produces a surplus. (2000) Aonly if B. much as C. long before D. ever since答案：A (主从句关系)利用上下文2）Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories _ on the individual suggest that childrenA. acting B. relying C. centering D. commenting答案：C 利用一般常识知识例如：1) There are thirteen or more of them (vitamins), and if _ is missing a deficiency disease becomesA. any B. some C. anything D. something答案：A利用一般常识知识2）Our apemen forefathers had _ obvious natural weapons in the struggle for survival in the open.A. no B. some C. few D. many答案：A利用逻辑关系例如：1）Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low rate of interest, but loans of this kind are not _ obtainable. (2000)A. genuinely B. obviouslyC. presumably D. frequently答案：D （逻辑推理+词义辨析）利用逻辑关系2）Comparison were drawn between the development of the television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened _. (2002)A. between B. before C. since D. later答案：A （句子之间的逻辑关系）完形填空的解题思路和步骤从某种意义上讲，完形填空与阅读理解之间的关系最密切。实际上，完形填空的第一关便是阅读理解，或者说阅读理解是完形填空测试的一部分内容，所检测的阅读理解能力渗透在每一小题的解题过程中。完形填空解题的首要步骤是将短文的大意理解清楚。完形填空是将语法和词汇题放在语篇中考，所以与单纯的语法题和词汇题不同。考生在备考时不但要花力气去背记语法要点和积累词汇，还要注意单词在使用中的搭配习惯和用法上各自不同的特点及同义词之间的差别等。 主要解题思路两方面从上下文寻找信息词 精读第一句精读第一句 完形填空文章的第一句话通常是没有空白的完整句子，而且第一句往往是文章的主题句(Topic Sentence)，或是含有主题词的句子，考生可以根据它来把握文章的中心思想，为下面答题奠定基础。这里，首先我们要知道英文的主题句的特点。一个有效的主题句应该有以下两个标准：精读第一句 1.Topic：主题或议题。明确指示段落的内容，起到限定主题范围的作用。2.Opinion：反映作者对待主题的观点、态度，起到限定段落基调的作用。知道了英文主题句的特点之后，我们在阅读完型填空文章的第一句话时，就不应该只是读懂其字面中文意思，而是要透过首句来预测文章的中心内容，为接下来做题把准方向。精读第一句 例如：The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. （2004）这就是一句非常有效的主题句。据此，我们可以大胆地预测文章的主题是讨论“词汇(word)”与“语言表达(language)”的关系。作者的态度通过“first and smallest”就说明作者认为“词汇”对于“语言”的重要意义。实际上，该篇文章的确是围绕“词汇”与“语言”的关系展开的。文章的第一段从正反两方面阐述了“词汇的选择(choice of words)”与语言表达的关系。第二段阐述了“措词不准确(inaccurate words)”对于语言表达的影响。精读第一句 由此可见，精读第一句对于理解和把握整个文章的中心意义和作者的行文的脉络是非常有效的。这就为我们往下做题指明了方向！ 从上下文寻找信息词 完形填空所选的文章都是具有逻辑关系、意义相联的语篇，而词语的重复出现、同义词和反义词的使用是重要的连句成篇的词汇纽带，因此，在行文中不可避免地会出现词语的复现、前后同义词、反义词相互照应等现象。在答题时，不要急于求成。而要充分利用上下文信息词，在继续阅读中寻找和斟酌答案。解题步骤1. 速读全文，看好短文的首句和每段的首句，在快速浏览中了解信息，初步掌握全文的中心思想，确定短文的题材内容。（3分钟左右）2. 细读文章，边读边解题。（10分钟左右）3. 通读全文，检查并解决难题。（2分钟左右）Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. 心之所愿，无事不成。希望大家通过自己的努力考上自己梦想的学校，有一个光明、美好的未来！112以上有不当之处，请大家给与批评指正，以上有不当之处，请大家给与批评指正，谢谢大家！谢谢大家！