专题五专题五 文化教育型阅读理解文化教育型阅读理解专题五文化教育型阅读理解专题五文化教育型阅读理解专题导读专题导读专题五专题五 专题导读专题导读文文化化教教育育型型阅阅读读理理解解文文章章属属高高考考常常选选材材料料之之一一。这这类类文文章章常常涉涉及及文文化化、教教育育、法法制制、宗宗教教等等方方面面的的文文学学艺艺术术、发发明明创创造造、文文化化遗遗产产保保护护、宗宗教教与与文文化化、风风俗俗与与习习惯惯、道道德德与与法法制制、中中外外文文学学名名著著节节选选、各各国国学学校校教教育育、家家庭庭教教育育等等等等。这这类类材材料料的的命命题点往往落在主旨大意题、事实细节题上。题点往往落在主旨大意题、事实细节题上。专题五专题五 专题导读专题导读 在做这类阅读理解题时，我们应注意以下几个方面：在做这类阅读理解题时，我们应注意以下几个方面： 1采采用用先先题题后后文文的的方方法法：先先读读题题目目，再再带带着着问问题题读读文文章章。这这类类阅阅读读理理解解文文章章相相对对来来说说事事实实细细节节题题稍稍多多一一点点，如如果果带带着着问问题读文章，有利于我们抓细节。题读文章，有利于我们抓细节。 2先先做做细细节节题题。因因为为做做完完了了局局部部性性的的事事实实细细节节题题后后，自自然会加深我们对文章的理解，这样更有利于做主旨大意题。然会加深我们对文章的理解，这样更有利于做主旨大意题。 3重重点点敲敲定定主主旨旨题题。主主旨旨大大意意题题提提问问的的形形式式主主要要有有两两大大类类：一一类类是是Main idea型型；一一类类是是Topic或或Title型型。在在解解答答这这类类试题时应注意以下几点：试题时应注意以下几点：专题五专题五 专题导读专题导读(1)读读首首句句抓抓大大意意。文文化化教教育育型型阅阅读读理理解解文文章章多多采采用用说说明明文文、议议论论文文体体裁裁，而而这这类类文文章章大大都都采采用用文文章章段段落落的的中中心心，即即主主题题句句在在文文章章开开头头。因因此此，要要寻寻找找这这类类文文章章的的主主旨旨大大意意就就需需要要研研究文章的首句。究文章的首句。(2)读尾句抓大意。有时这类文章的主题句安排在文章的读尾句抓大意。有时这类文章的主题句安排在文章的结尾，作为对全篇的总结。结尾，作为对全篇的总结。(3)读首尾段抓大意。有些文章或段落的开头和结尾部分读首尾段抓大意。有些文章或段落的开头和结尾部分都有主题句。这种结构是为了突出主题思想而使用两次点题的都有主题句。这种结构是为了突出主题思想而使用两次点题的写作方法。这两个主题句在句子结构和用词上有所不同，而且写作方法。这两个主题句在句子结构和用词上有所不同，而且在内容上前句和后句也不重复。在内容上前句和后句也不重复。专题五专题五 专题导读专题导读(4)从从段段落落中中抓抓大大意意。有有些些文文章章或或段段落落的的主主题题句句在在文文章章中中，这这种种文文章章或或段段落落往往往往以以一一句句话话或或几几句句话话引引出出要要表表达达的的主主题题，在主题句出现后，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。在主题句出现后，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。(5)归归纳纳要要点点抓抓大大意意。有有些些文文章章或或段段落落无无明明显显的的主主题题句句，只只是是暗暗示示性性地地体体现现主主题题。这这就就要要求求同同学学们们在在阅阅读读过过程程中中根根据据文中所叙述的事实或线索来概括总结主旨大意。文中所叙述的事实或线索来概括总结主旨大意。专题五专题五 真题典例真题典例真题典例真题典例 2011辽辽宁宁卷卷 About 21,000 young people in 17 American states do not attend classes in school buildings. Instead, they receive their elementary(初初等等) and high school education by working at home on computers. The Center for Education Reform says the United States has 67 public “cyberschools”，and that is about twice as many as two years ago. 专题五专题五 真题典例真题典例The money for students to attend a cyberschool comes from the governments of the states where they live. Some educators say cyberschools receive money that should support traditional public schools. They also say it is difficult to know if students are learning well.Other educators praise this new form of education for letting students work at their own speed. These people say cyberschools help students who were unhappy or unsuccessful in traditional schools. They say learning at home by computer ends long bus rides for children who live far from school. 专题五专题五 真题典例真题典例 Whatever the judgement of cyberschools, they are getting more and more popular. For example, a new cyberschool called Commonwealth Connections Academy will take in students this fall. It will serve children in the state of Pennsylvania from ages five through thirteen. Children get free equipment for their online education. This includes a computer, a printer, books and technical services. Parents and students talk with teachers by telephone or by sending emails through their computers when necessary. 专题五专题五 真题典例真题典例Students at cyberschools usually do not know one another. But 56 such students who finished studies at Western Pennsylvania Cyber Charter School recently met for the first time. They were guests of honor at their graduation. 【解解析析】本本文文是是一一篇篇说说明明文文。主主要要介介绍绍了了美美国国新新兴兴的的网网络络学学校校的的现现状状、学学生生的的学学习习方方式式、各各方方的的评评价价、网网络络学学校校的的经经济来源以及设备提供等。济来源以及设备提供等。专题五专题五 真题典例真题典例 ()1.What do we know from the text about students of a cyberschool? AThey have to take long bus rides to school. BThey study at home rather than in classrooms. CThey receive money from traditional public schools. DThey do well in traditional school programs. 【解解析析】 B 细细节节理理解解题题。根根据据第第一一段段第第二二句句“Instead, they receive their elementary and high school education by working at home on computers”，可可知知他他们们在在家家通过电脑接受初中和高中教育，故可知通过电脑接受初中和高中教育，故可知B项正确。项正确。专题五专题五 真题典例真题典例 ()2.What is a problem with cyberschools? ATheir equipment costs a lot of money. BThey get little support from the state government. CIt is hard to know students progress in learning. DThe students find it hard to make friends. 【解解析析】 C细细节节理理解解题题。根根据据第第二二段段最最后后一一句句“They also say it is difficult to know if students are learning well”可可知，了解学生学的是否好是很难的，与知，了解学生学的是否好是很难的，与C项一致。项一致。专题五专题五 真题典例真题典例 ()3.Cyberschools are getting popular because _. Athey are less expensive for students Btheir students can work at their own speed Ctheir graduates are more successful in society Dthey serve students in a wider age range 【解解析析】 B细细节节理理解解题题。根根据据第第三三段段第第一一句句“Other educators praise this new form of education for letting students work at their own speed”，可可知知这这种种新新形形式式的的学学校校允允许学生按照自己的速度学习，与许学生按照自己的速度学习，与B项一致。项一致。专题五专题五 真题典例真题典例 ( )4.We can infer that the author of the text is _. Aunprejudiced in his description of cyberschools Bexcited about the future of cyberschools Cdoubtful about the quality of cyberschools Ddisappointed at the development of cyberschools 【解解析析】 A推推理理判判断断题题。本本文文作作者者客客观观的的向向读读者者介介绍绍网网络络学学校校的的现现状状，学学生生的的学学习习方方式式、各各方方的的评评价价、它它的的经经济济来来源源和和设设备备提提供供等等，特特别别是是根根据据第第四四段段第第一一句句中中的的“Whatever the judgment of cyberschools”，可可知知作作者者对对网网络络学学校校的的态态度是公平而没有成见的，与度是公平而没有成见的，与A项一致。项一致。专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测 (一一)A few years ago, I took a sightseeing trip to Washington, DC. Standing outside the Ronald Reagan Center, I heard a voice say, “Can you help me？” When I turned around, I saw an elderly blind woman with her hand extended (伸伸展展)In a natural reflex (反反射射), I reached into my pocket, pulled out all of my loose change and placed it on her hand without even新题预测新题预测专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测looking at her. I was annoyed at being bothered by a beggar. But the blind woman smiled and said, “I dont want your money. I just need help finding the post office.” In an instant, I realized what I had done. I judged another person simply for what I assumed she had to be. I hated what I saw in myself. This incident reawakened my belief in humility (谦恭谦恭), even though Id lost it for a moment. 专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测The thing I had forgotten about myself is that I am an immigrant (移移民民)I left Honduras and arrived in the US. at the age of 15.I started my new life with two suitcases, my brother and sister, and a strong, serious minded mother. Through the years, I have been a dishwasher, mechanic and pizza delivery driver among many other humble (卑卑微微的的) jobs, and eventually I became a network engineer. 专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测 In my own life, I have experienced many open acts of prejudice. I remember a time, at age 17I worked as a waiter, and I heard a father tell his little boy that if he did not do well in school, he would end up like me. I have also witnessed the same treatment of my family and friends, so I know what its like, and I should have known better.But now, living in my American middleclass lifestyle, it is too easy to forget my past, to forget who I am and where I have been, and to lose sight of where I want to be going. That blind woman on the streets of Washington, DC., cured me of my 专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测blindness. She reminded me of my belief in humility and to always keep my eyes and heart open. By the way, I helped that lady to the post office. And in writing this essay, I hope to thank her for the priceless lesson. 【解解析析】一一位位上上了了年年纪纪的的女女盲盲人人在在街街头头向向作作者者求求助助，作作者者却却想想当当然然地地认认为为她她是是在在乞乞讨讨。作作者者羞羞愧愧难难当当，经经深深刻刻反反省省后后，端正了思想认识。端正了思想认识。专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测 ( )1.We can learn from the first two paragraphs that_. Athe author regretted his act of prejudice Bthe blind woman needed the money badly Cthe author was as poor as the blind woman Dthe author was a native American 【解解析析】 A 细细节节理理解解题题。根根据据第第二二段段第第一一句句In an instant, I realized what I had done和和 第第 二二 句句 I judged anothershe had to be，联联系系第第四四段段acts of prejudice可可知知，作者知道自己错了，不该带着偏见行事，瞧不起穷人。作者知道自己错了，不该带着偏见行事，瞧不起穷人。专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测 ()2.According to Paragraph 4, hearing the fathers words, the author was probably_. Arather hurt Bvery excited Cdeeply moved Dgreatly inspired 【解解析析】 A 推推理理判判断断题题。根根据据第第四四段段第第二二句句I remember a timeend up like me可可知知，当当时时那那个个小小孩孩的的父父亲亲把把作作者者当当成成了了反反面面教教材材来来教教育育孩孩子子，可可推推出出作作者者可可能能受受到到了了很大的伤害。很大的伤害。专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测 ( )3.According to the passage, the author probably agrees that one should_. Abe bad to the elderly and the disabled Btry to experience different kinds of life Ctreat others equally with love and respect Dthink about ones past as often as possible 【解解析析】 C推推理理判判断断题题。帮帮助助盲盲人人这这件件事事并并不不大大，但但作作者者深深刻刻反反省省，认认识识不不应应该该对对弱弱势势群群体体持持有有偏偏见见。C项项说说法法与与作者的意图一致。作者的意图一致。专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测 ( )4.According to the passage, how many statements are TRUE? aI was not born in America. bI was impatient with the blind woman at first. cI wouldnt like to help the blind woman at all. dI have a rather rich life now. eI once was ashamed of my first jobs. A2. B3. C4. D5. 专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测 【解解析析】 C细细节节理理解解题题。从从第第三三段段第第一一、二二句句话话可可知知a正正确确，第第三三段段最最后后一一句句话话可可知知e正正确确，从从第第一一段段可可知知b正正确确，从从最最后后一一段段可可知知d正正确确，从从本本文文最最后后的的结结果果可可知知作作者者后后来来帮帮助助了那个失明的老妇人，故了那个失明的老妇人，故c叙述有误，故本题答案为叙述有误，故本题答案为C。专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测 ()5.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? ALearn from your past BHow my dream comes true CA belief that will never change DA priceless lesson in the street专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测 【解解析析】 D主主旨旨大大意意题题。主主要要根根据据在在最最后后一一段段第第二二句句That blind womanof my blindness和和第第三三句句She reminded meand heart open.关关键键词词语语是是末末段段第第二二句句的的on the streets和和最最后后一一句句的的the priceless lesson。第第二二句句的的意意思思是是：华华盛盛顿顿街街头头的的那那位位女女盲盲人人让让我我重重见见光光明明。也也就就是是说说，那那位位盲盲人人让让作作者者丢掉对弱势群体的偏见，继续坚持谦恭待人的人生信条。丢掉对弱势群体的偏见，继续坚持谦恭待人的人生信条。专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测 (二二) Just what is a tiger mother? Amy Chua is a law professor at Americas Yale University and her recent book on the subject is making waves. Shes been called “dangerous”， “outrageous”， even a “monster” for her descriptions of how she brought up her two daughters. Her book Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother describes fighting with a daughter for hours at the piano to ensure the child gets a piece of music right. She rejected birthday cards专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测made for her by her girls because she didnt think they had made enough effort. She compared one child negatively with the other, threatening to burn their toys. Her rules include: schoolwork always comes first; an A minus is a bad grade; your children must be two years ahead of their classmates in math, and playing the violin or the piano is a must. 专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测 Ms Chua considers the Chinese hard work ethic as a way of creating happy, successful childrenat least in her case. Although shes had a large amount of flak for her theories, one thing cant be ignoredthe success of Chinese children in the education system. In Britain, shocking research shows that Chinese girls, for example, are outperforming all other foreign groups at GCSE 79 percent getting 5 AC Grades, compared with 58 percent of white British girls. So what is it about Chinese parenting thats leading to high achievers? And how do Amy Chuas theories play into that success? 专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测 She told me that if her daughter came back from school with 96 / 100 in a test, Chua would ask her what happened to the other 4 points. Its about always knowing “you can do better”， she told me. Interestingly, in China, the birthplace of the tiger mother, people are moving away from traditional Chinese parenting. They are following more western parenting styles. 【解解析析】 Amy Chua写写了了一一本本关关于于教教育育她她的的孩孩子子的的书书，书里面的内容引起了轰动，因为她的教育方法太严厉了。书里面的内容引起了轰动，因为她的教育方法太严厉了。专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测 ()1.After reading Amy Chuas recent book, the public _. Afeel very sorry for their own children Bconsider her a very successful mother Crealize their methods of bringing up children are wrong Ddont think highly of her methods of bringing up her children 【解解析析】 D推推理理判判断断题题。根根据据第第一一段段可可推推断断出出大大众众对对Amy Chua的教育方法评价不高。的教育方法评价不高。专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测()2.What can we learn about Amy Chua according to Paragraph 2? AShe is very strict with her children. BShe doesnt think her children are clever. CShe is very interested in playing the piano. DShe knows playing is important to children. 【解解析析】 A推推理理判判断断题题。根根据据第第二二段段可可知知Amy Chua对她的孩子们很严厉。对她的孩子们很严厉。专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测 ()3.Paragraph 4 shows that _. AChinese parents dont think grades are very important BChinese children are cleverer than British children CChinese parents are proud of their children DChinese children do well in their study 【解解析析】 D细细节节理理解解题题。根根据据第第四四段段中中Chinese girls，for example，are outperforming all other foreign groups at GCSE79 percent getting 5 AC Grades可可知知中中国国的的孩孩子子学学习成绩比较好。习成绩比较好。 专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测 ( )4.The underlined word “flak” in the third paragraph probably means “_ ” Aattention Bcriticism Ccuriosity Dcontribution 【解解析析】 B词词义义猜猜测测题题。尽尽管管她她因因为为她她的的教教育育理理论论受受到到了了很很多多批批评评，但但是是有有一一点点不不容容忽忽视视中中国国孩孩子子在在教教育育上上的成功。的成功。专题五专题五 新题预测新题预测 ()5.It can be inferred from the text that _. AAmy Chua will change her methods BAmy Chua considers her methods useful CAmy Chuas children dont love their mother DAmy Chuas children prefer western parenting styles 【解解析析】 B 推推理理判判断断题题。根根据据第第三三段段中中Ms Chua considers the Chinese hard work ethic as a way of creating happy，successful children可可推推断断出出Amy Chua认认为为她她的的教教育育方法很有用。方法很有用。