Lesson Twelve LionsLions andand Tigers Tigers andand BearsBears By Bill Buford2021/6/71Teaching ContentsI. IntroductionII. Analysis to the Text StructureIII. Language PointsIV. InteractionV. Written Homework2021/6/721. Introduction1. Introduction to the authtor2. Introduction to the Background3. Introduction to the Text4. Pre-class Questions 2021/6/73 1. Introduction th the AuthorBillBuford(1950)isastaffwriterforThe New Yorker,wherehewasthefictioneditorforeightyears.HewasthefoundingeditorofGrantamagazineandwasalsothepublisherofGrantaBooks.Hispreviousbook,Among the Thugs,isanonfictionaccountofcrowdviolenceandBritishsoccerhooliganism.Hewasgenerallyconsideredoneofthebestfictioneditorsthemagazinehadeverknown.In2001,hewassenttoEuropetobecomethemagazinesspecialcorrespondent.HelivesinNewYorkCitywithhiswife,JessicaGreen,andtheirtwosons.2021/6/74 2. Introduction to the Background* Central ParkCentralParkwasbuiltin1857,thiswell-knownparkis,asthenamesuggests,locatedinthecenteroftheManhattanIsland,NewYork.Itextendsfrom59thStreetto110thStreetbetweenFifthandEighthAvenues.Itcoversanareaof840acres.Itistwoandone-halfmileslong,ahalfmilewide,andalmostonesixthofits840sareinlakesandthelargereceivingreservoiroftheNewYorkCitywater-system.Thereare35milesofwalks,104/1milesroadandfiveandone-halfmilesofbridle.2021/6/75Central ParkBackgroundCentral Park2021/6/76 2. Introduction to the Background Central Park2021/6/772. Introduction to the Background Ogden NashOgdenNash:BornonAugust19,1902inRye,NewYork.Anancestor,GeneralFrancisNash,gavehisnametoNashville,Tennesee.RaisedinRye,NewYorkandSavannah,Georgia.EducatedatSt.GeorgesSchoolinRhodeIslandand,briefly,HarvardUniversity.StartedworkwritingadvertisingcopyforDoubleday,PagePublishing,NewYork,in1925.Publishedfirstbookforchildren,TheCricketofCaradonin1925.FirstpublishedpoemSpringComestoMurrayHillappearsinNewYorkermagazinein1930.JoinsstaffatNewYorkerin1932.MarriedFrancesRiderLeonardonJune6,1933.Published19booksofpoetry.Collaborated,in1943,inthemusicalcomedy,OneTouchofVenus.ElectedtotheNationalInstituteofArtsandLettersin1950.LivedinNewYorkbuthisprincipalhomewasinBaltimore,Maryland,wherehediedonMay19,1971.HewasburiedinNorthHampton,NewHampshire.2021/6/782. Introduction to the Background * Daniel BooneDanielBoonewasbornNovember2,1734inalogcabininBerksCounty,nearpresent-dayReading,Pennsylvania.BooneisoneofthemostfamouspioneersinUnitedStateshistory.HespentmostofhislifeexploringandsettlingtheAmericanfrontier.DanielBoonediedonSeptember26,1820attheageof85.In1845theremainsofBooneandhiswifeweremovedtoKentuckytorestinthegreatpioneershuntersparadise. 2021/6/793. Introduction to the TextTheauthorbeginsbyalluding,throughOgdanNashpoem,tothefearCentralParkinspires.ItispreciselythisfearthatpromptedhisadventureofspendinganightaloneinthePark.HisfirsthourintheParkisanexhilaratingexperienceofthesummertimeShakespeareattheDelacorteTheatrewithapolicecarinview.Therelaxedmood,however,issoonreplacedbyasenseoffearwhenhefindshimselflostamongthevegetationandfollowedbyasoundgettingthreateninglylouder.Hequickenshisstepsandthenbeginstorun.Heturnsfranticallyrightandleftandthehorrorbecomesalmostunbearablewhen,tohissuddenreliefthecityappearsagain,andheregainshisbearings.Butthisreassuranceisshort-lived.Sittingonarockinthelake,heinvoluntarilyrecallsthebloodymurderthatoncehappenedinthatveryplace2021/6/7103. Introduction to the Text But fear is not all the Park arouses. The authors night in the Park is no doubt also an aesthetic experience. Together with the author, readers relive the dramatic history of the Park and delightedly look at its architectural beauties. By now the authors ambivalence perhaps makes clear New Yorkers attitude to the Park. On the one hand there is this love and pride one has for the cultural richness and the beauty the Park offers ; and on the other, the crime and fear they associate with the Park. The passage continues on these two themes. Through the authors encounter with the couple and the humorous portrayal of the latters hysterical reaction to his friendly greetings, he finds that he is not only constantly frightened, but is also frightening. The darkness of the night in Central Park has put everybody in fear.2021/6/7113. Introduction to the Text The authors thoughts then again wander into the past, recollecting how the Park changed from the domain of the privileged to an efficient public park for the common people in the 1930s, and how, to the original English and French-style architecture, was added something unapologetically American; neither romantic nor classical, but functional and efficient. These alterations in a way reflect the changes in American society. The authors adventure in the park, however, is not all that gloomy. What follows is a description of his aesthetic experience. The city of New York, although artificial and wasteful, is viewed from the elevation of the park, glaringly beautiful. The intensity of this adventure reaches its peak in the last episode when the author finally finds a place to sleep in the North Woods. Suddenly he hears wood cracking, snapping and tearing among the trees, followed by heavy breathing. But to his great relief, the sounds come from three raccoons! The author in his humorous vein imagines the raccoons psychology and speaks to them good-humoredly until one begins to urinate on him and the summer rain also begins to fall. The authors adventure finally comes to a happy end when he falls asleep and wakes up to see the peace and beauty of dawn in the park and the chirping of birds.2021/6/7124. Pre-class Questions1) Why do you think the author wrote this essay?2) Why is it that ordinary people dont wander around Central Park at night?3) How does the essay end? Do you find the ending interesting? What kind of effect did the author want to create by describing the raccoons?2021/6/713II. Analysis of the Text Structure1. Topic Sentence2. Outline( paragraphs)3. Writing TechniqueA. StyleB. Rhetorical DevicesC. Tone2021/6/7141. Topic SentenceThe author describes his astonishing experience without danger in the Park by his distinctive artful way of combining his travel with everything he has read, heard, observed and undergone in connection with the place.: his movements in Central Park, the events and famous people associated with his history,the beauty of New York at night seen from its heart, the crime the Park has witnessed and the fear it has inspired.2021/6/7152. Outline (paragraphs)Part One: (para. 1-2)The author introduces why ordinary people are afraid to go to the Central Park at night.Part Two (para. 3-11) Part Three: (para.12-25)2021/6/7163. Writing TecniqueA. StyleB. Rhetorical Devices1) Onomatopoeia2) EuphemismC. Tone: Humorous2021/6/717III. Language Points1. Word-building2. New Words3. Idiomatic Expressions4. Detailed Discussion of the Text5. Explanation of Language Points6. Grammar2021/6/7181.*Word-building2021/6/7192. *New Wordsrucksack, appeal, nocturnal, stock, obliterate, compulsive, heart, secluded, diamond, contrived, staggering2021/6/7203. Idiomatic Expressions1) not to mention 2) to make for3) in one respect 4) in view5) to stay away from 6) to peek through7) to get your bearings 8) with time on ones hands 9) on ones own 10) to pat on the back 11) at its most popular 12) to put in2021/6/721 4. Detailed Discussion of the Text1and,havingstuffed my small rucksackwith（para.1）2.Iarrivedone heavy, muggyFridayeveninginJulytodojustthat:（para.1）3.Ofcourse,anybodywhoknowsanythingaboutNewYorkknowsthecitysessentialplatitudethatyoudontwanderinCentralParkatnightandinthat,needlesstosay,wasthe appeal:itwasthethingyoudontdo(Para.1)2021/6/7224. Detailed Discussion of the Text4. eversincetheParksfounding commissioners,nearlyahundredandfiftyyearsago,（para.1）5.Ifyoushould happenafterdarktofindyourselfinCentralPark（Para.1）6.Evennow,wheneveryParkofficial, city administrator,and policeofficer（Para.2）7.Orapurse-snatcher,loon,prostitute,drugdealer,murderernot to mentionbully,garoter,highwayrobber.（Para.2）2021/6/7234. Detailed Discussion of the Text8.Iarrivedatninefifteenandmade for only nocturnalspotIknew:the Delacorte Theater. (Para.3) 9. andthiscouldhavebeenanoutdoorsummer-stockShakespeareproductionanywhereinAmerica,expect in one respect.（Para.3）10apolicecarwasnowparkedconspicuouslyin view,itsrooflightslowlyrotating.（Para.3）2021/6/7244. Detailed Discussion of the Text11. Sofar,sonormal,andthiscouldhavebeenanoutdoorsummer-stockShakespeareproductionanywhereinAmerica,exceptinonerespect.(Para.3)12.therotatingredlightwaslikeacampfireinthe wild,warmingwhatsoutthereto stay away.(Para.3)13.reassuredbythelights,thelaughter.thelinesofShakespearethatdriftedoutintothesummernight.(Para.4)2021/6/7254. Detailed Discussion of the Text14.climbingthestepsofBelvedere Castle allalone,peeking throughthewindowsoftheHenryLuceNatureObservatory（Para.4）15.ImintheParklessthananhourandalreadyImlost,onanunlightedpath,facinganunknownthingshakingthreateninglyinthebushes,(Para.5)16.AndIbolted,notrunning,exactly,butnolongerstrollingandcertainlynotlookingbackturningleft,turningright,allsenseofdirectionobliterated(Para.5)2021/6/7264. Detailed Discussion of the Text17. allsenseofdirectionofdirectionobliterated（Para.5）18.WhenIfinallyrealizedwhereIwas-inthe Ramble（Para.5）19.AsIreturnedleftagain,Isawthelake（Para.5）20.Faroutinthelake,therewasalight.（Para.6）21.Igot my bearings. (Para.6)2021/6/7274. Detailed Discussion of the Text22.The far side of the lakemustbenearStrawberry Fields,aroundSeventy-second.（Para.6）23. -adetailthatIve compulsivelyreviewedinmymindsinceIfirstheardit.（Para.6）24.Andthenhiskillers,with time on their hands andnowitnesses,justwenthome.（Para.6）2021/6/7284. Detailed Discussion of the Text25.Oneofthefirsteventsintheparktookplace140yearsagoalmosttotheday:abandconcert.Theconcertpointedly,washeldonaSaturday,stillaworkingday,becausetheconcert,likemuchoftheParkthen,wasdesignedtokeepthecitystougherelementsout.(Para.7)26.TheParkatnightmusthaveseemedluxuriousandsecludedagiantevening gardenparty.Theparkwastobestrolledthrough,enjoyedas an aesthetic experience,likeawalkinsideapainting.(Para.7)2021/6/7294. Detailed Discussion of the Text27.thearchitectswerebuildingtwodifferentparksatonce.OnewastheRomanticpark,whichincludedtheRamble,thecarefully“designed”wilderness.wildnaturere-createdinthemiddleofthecity.Theother,thesouthernendofthePark,wasmoreFrench:ordered,andcharacterizedbystraightlines.(Para.7)28.I spotted a couple approaching. You first thought is: nutcase? (Para.8)2021/6/7304. Detailed Discussion of the Text29. the man jerked her forward authoritatively.（Para.8）30.I couldnt resist: justaswewereabouttopasseachother,Iaddressed them, forthrightly.（Para.8）31.Iwasemboldenedbytherealization.(Para.9)32.buteveryone,felttheneedto“keeppatting the Park on the back”(Para.10)2021/6/7314. Detailed Discussion of the Text33.ThiswasattheheartofHenryJamessobservation（Para.10）34.Theparkmighthavebeen atitsmost popular（Para.10）35.MoseswasresponsibleforthethirddesignelementinthePark-neitherEnglishnorFrench,neitherRomanticnorclassical,butefficient,purposefulandunapologeticallyAmerican.（Para.10）2021/6/7324. Detailed Discussion of the Text36. Heputinbaseballdiamonds,volleyballcourts（Para.10）37.HeeventriedtoturntheRambleintoasenior citizensrecreationcenter,butwasstoppedbytheprotestingbirdwatchers.（Para.10）38.TheironywasthatbytheendoftheMoseseratheParkwasdangerous.(Para.10)2021/6/7334. Detailed Discussion of the Text39. Nearthereservoir,agangofkidsonbicyclezoomedacrosstheEighty-fifthStreetTransverse,hooting with a sense of ominous power.（Para.11）40.Buttonight,eveifitwerentclouding over ,theredbeonstars.Toomuchglare.(Para.12)2021/6/7344. Detailed Discussion of the Text42.A dirt trail appeared on my left .This looked promising.(Para.15)43.Those animals that Daniel Boone made his hat out of.(Para.18)44.Myvoicestartledthemandoneofthemstartedpeeing.Andthen,naturefindingherselfunabletoresist,itstartedtopour.（Para.24）2021/6/7355. Explanation of Language Points1. 1)tostuffsthwithsthelse:tofilloroverfillacontainerorspacewithsthE.g:Itscheapertostuffthepillowwithfoamthanwithfeathers.Compare:tostuffsthintosthelse:topushsthintoaspaceoracontainerE.g:Dontstuffanythingelsein,orthebagwillburst.2)rucksack:(Br.E)abagusedforcarryingthingsonyourback(backpackinAm.E)Forthecommonlyusedvarieryofbags,seethepictureonpage82oftheLongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish(1995edition).2021/6/736 5. Explanation of Language Points 2.IarrivedonehotandhumidFridayeveninginJulytospendthenightinCentralPark.Both“heavy”and“muggy”mean(weather)hotinahumidandunpleasantway,esp.beforeorafterrainorastorm,justlikeBeijinginJuly.3.1)EverybodywhoknowsNewYorkknowsthatyoushouldnotwanderinCentralParkatnightbecauseitistoodangerous.Thisisknowntoallandhasbeensaidover.However,preciselybecauseoftherisk,itisnaturalthatpeopleoftenwanttodoit.2)appeal:thepowerofattractingorarousinginterest2021/6/7375. Explanation of Language Points4. The founding commissioners: the city officials who were appointedtoestablishCentralPark.Commissionersareofficialsingovernment,esp.thoseinchargeofdepartments.ThefoundingcommissionersofCentralParkwerethelandscapearchitectsFrederickLawOlmstedandCalvertVaux.Thetwodesignedandoversawthefirst-phaseconstructionoftheParkwhichbeganin1858andendedin1878.2021/6/7385. Useful Words and Expressions5.“should”isusedafter“if”,“incase”orwithsubjectandverbsinvertedtosuggestthataneventisnotlikelytohappen.Moreexamples:E.g:Ifyoushouldchangeyourmind,doletmeknow.E.g:ShouldTomphone,canyoutellhimIllphonebacklater?E.g:Hecouldpersuadehertostayshouldthisbenecessary.2021/6/7395. Explanation of Language Points6.cityadministrator:apersonwhoworksforthecityspublicaffairs,forexamplethoseonthecitycouncil.7.1)Thissentencepresentsagoodopportunityforlearnerstolearntermsfordifferentlaworregulationoffenders.2)tosnatch:topullortakesthawayquicklyE.g:Thethiefsnatchedthehandbagandranaway.3)nottomention:usedtoaddsththatmakesthesituationevenmoredifficult,interesting,surprising,etcE.g:Thecityofferstouristsscenicspots,beautifulweatheranddeliciousfood,nottomentionthefamousshoppingmalls.E.g:Heishandsomeandsmart,nottomentionbeingagoodathlete.他长的帅，人又机灵，并且是一位运动健将他长的帅，人又机灵，并且是一位运动健将2021/6/7405. Explanation of Language Points8.1)IarrivedatninefifteenandwenttotheonlyplaceIknewatnight(thathadsomethinggoingon).2)tomakefor:a.tomovetowards(aplace)E.g:Assoonasitstartedtorain,weturnedroundandmadeforhome.b.tohelpmakesthpossibleE.g:Internationalfootballmatchessometimesmakeforbetterunderstandingbetweencountries.3)nocturnal:happeningatnight4)TheDelacorteTheater:theopen-airtheaterinCentralParkthatservesashometofreesummertimeperformanceswhich,duringthemonthsofJune,JulyandAugust,includeatleastoneShakespeareproduction.ThesummertimeperformancesareoneoftheNewYorkCitysmostbelovedculturalevents.2021/6/7415. Explanation of Language Points9.1)AndtonightsperformancecouldbeanyoutdoorperformanceofShakespearesplayoneregularlyfindsinsummerinAmerica(ItsaculturaltraditioninAmericatoputonfreeShakespeareproductionsinsummer).Therewasonlyonedifference.2)stock:usedasanadjective,meaning:usuallykeptinstockandregularlyavailable常备的常备的E.g:IntensiveReadingisoneofourstockcourses.3)production:usedtorefertoapublicperformanceorashowingofamovie,play,TVorradioprogramE.g:TheroyalShakespeareCompanysproductionofMacbeththatyearwasagreatculturalevent.2021/6/7425. Explanation of Language Points9.4)Shakespeare:Herethenameofoneperson/thing(Shakespeare)foranother,withwhichitiscloselyassociated(Shakespearesworks)isacommonfigureofspeechcalledmetonymy.Formoreexamples:E.g:HespentthewholedayreadingShakespeare.(Shakespearesworks)E.g:Accordingtomanyanalysts,GeorgeW.BushspathtoNovemberwouldbeuphillalltheway.(HereNovemberreferstothepresidentialelectionintheUnitedStates.)5)inonerespect:ononepoint2021/6/7435. Explanation of Language Points10.1)inview:closeenoughtobeseenE.g:Victoryisinview.E.g:Fromoutpositiononthehillside,everydetailofthelandscapewasclearlyinview.我们从山坡上往下看，风光景物历历在目我们从山坡上往下看，风光景物历历在目C.f:Otherusesof“view”:tocomeintoview:E.g:Thecastlesuddenlycameintoview.tocomeinviewof:E.g:Wecameinviewofthecastleasweturnedthecorner.todisappear/belostfromview:E.g:Theprocessiongraduallydisappearedfromview.Toblock/obstruct/shutoff/spoiltheview:E.g:Thenewbuildingspoilstheviewfromourwindow.2021/6/7445. Explanation of Language Points11. And tonights performance could be any outdoor performance of Shakespeares play one regularly finds in summer in America (Its a cultural tradition in America to put on free Shakespeare production in summer). There was only one difference. 12. 1) The turning red light on the roof of the police car is like campfire in the wild, warning dangerous people or animals that might be out there not to come close. 2) the wild: an environment that is natural2021/6/7455. Explanation of Language Points13. (Im) freed from the fear by the lights in the park, the laughter coming from the audience and people around, and the lines of Shakespeare which came from the performance shown in thesummer night. 14. 1) Belvedere Castle: It is to the south of Delacorte Thearter perched on Vista Rock. As its name suggests ( Belvedere is Italian for “beautiful view”), the castle offers visitors a wonderful view. It is now home to the Henry Luce Nature Observatory, where simple displays show how naturalists observe the world.2021/6/7465. Explanation of Language Points14. 2) The Shakespeare Garden: Nestled between the Delacorte Theater, Belvedere Castle, and the Swedish Cottage, it is a garden dedicated to Shakespeare in 1916, the 300th anniversary of his death. Following a Victorian tradition, only flowers mentioned in Shakespeares plays and poetry were planted in the garden. Scattered throughout the garden are bronze plaques with Shakespearean quotations that inspired the planting. 3) to peek: to look at sth quickly, esp. secretly or from behind sthE.g；To peek at/through/into/overSynonym: to peep E.g: He peeped /peeked through the gate into the garden.2021/6/7475. Explanation of Language Points15. Though I have been in the Park less than an hour, I totally lost my way. Whats worse, now I am on a dark path, and in front of me is something making noise in the bushes, which might threaten my life.16. And I started to run away quickly. to be exact, I was not running, but it was also not strolling any more. Without looking back, I turned left and finally I lost my sense of direction./I didnt know where I was or where I was going.2021/6/748 5. Explanation of Language Points17. 1) I lost my sense of direction./I didnt know where I was or where I was going. 2) to obliterate: to get rid ofEg: The heavy rain obliterated all footprints.18. The Ramble: it is a 38-acre wild garden in Central Park with rocky outcrops, secluded glades and a tumbling stream, built for visitors to stroll in(hence the name).2021/6/749 5. Explanation of Language Points 19. The lake is the largest body of water (excluding the Reservoir) in Central Park. It was created out of a large swamp in the south of the Park and was intended for boating in the summer and ice-skating in the winter. Many visitors are content, however, to circle the lake on foot, following the pathways that wind its shoreline, watching the Parks tree-line shifting in its reflection.20. Out: far away E.g: Her sons gone out to California. E.g: Scientist still believe that there is life out there in outer space.2021/6/7505. Explanation of Language Points21. 1) I found where I was. 2) to ret/find your bearings: to find out where you are and what you do next确定自己的方位确定自己的方位C.f: to lose your bearings: to become confused about where you are or what you do next,迷失迷失方位，不知所措，惶惑方位，不知所措，惶惑 2021/6/7515. Explanation of Language Points22. 1) The far side of the lake: the other side of the lake that is a greater distance from the speakerE.g: the far side of the street 街的另一边E.g: the far end of the bar 酒吧的另一边 2) Strawberry Fields: the tear-drop-shaped area of park landscape in the south of Central Park planted with 125,000 strawberry plants. It is named after the song Strawberry Fields Forever in honor of John Lennon(1940-1980), member of the Beatles. 3) Seventy-second: Seventy-second street in New York In New York City, Manhattan, the streets are numbered from the south end. The avenues arenumbered from 1st Avenue at East River to 12th Avenue at the Hudson River.2021/6/752 5. Explanation of Language Points23. (1) Ever since I first heard of the McMorrow case I have been going over the details in my mind: how he was killed, disemboweled and rolled into the lake. I just cant help it. (2) compulsive: 1) said of sth that is difficult or impossible to stop or controlE.g: compulsive gambling/shopping/stealing2) said of sb who has a desire or habit that they cannot controlE.g: compulsive gamblers/liars/addicts/eaters, etcC.f: compulsory: required; must be done because of a rule or lawE.g: compulsory courses/education2021/6/7535. Explanation of Language Points24. with time on their hands (or: to have time on your hands): (in fml) to have more free time than one can usu. To fill with work or other activities; to have little (work) to do, not to be under pressure of work非正式有的是时间；无事可做；无工作压力E.g: Now that mothers retired shell have more time on her hands.现在妈妈退了休。她的空闲时间更多了。25. One of the first events in the Park took place almost exactly on this day 140 years ago: a band concert. The concert was deliberately held on a Saturday when ordinary people were all working so as to keep them out.2021/6/7545. Explanation of Language Points26. 1) In those days, the Park at night certainly looked very wealthy and quite, far away from ordinary laboring people. The park was supposed to be a place for people to stroll relaxingly and enjoy its beautiful scenery and music, like a walk inside a picture 2) secluded: quiet and private; away from ordinary laboring people 3) garden party: (Br.E) a formal party for a lot of people, held in a large garden (Am.E:lawn party) 4) an aesthetic experience: an occasion to enjoy beautiful scenery and music as well as the company of welldressed people 2021/6/7555. Explanation of Language Points27. The designers and architects were building two parks with totally different characteristics. One park, including the Ramble, was designed as an ancient Romantic park by creating a wild nature in the middle of the city. The other, the southern end of the Park was more in French style, everything designed in a good order, closer to a modern city. 2021/6/756 5. Explanation of Language Points28. I suddenly saw a couple coming my way. Your first thought is: are they mad(dating in the Central Park at night)?29. the man suddenly and abruptly pulled her forward in a masterful way. 2021/6/7575. Explanation of Language Points30. 1) I couldnt resist: I couldnt resist the temptation to speak to them. 2) to address them forthrightly: to speak to them in a straightforward way31. 1) I realized that as a man on his own in the Park at night I was actually frightening to other people. This gave me confidence and courage. 2) on ones own: completely independent; responsible for oneself2021/6/7585. Explanation of Language Points32. 1) but ( whatever problems there are with the Park), everyone felt that they needed the Park and the Park should be there. 2) a pat on the back: approve of what someone have done or are trying to do 赞许；鼓励 to pat sb. (oneself ) on the back: to show ones approve, encouragement or congratulation to sb. (or oneself)对某人（或自己）表示赞扬对某人（或自己）表示赞扬（鼓励。庆祝）（鼓励。庆祝）2021/6/7595. Explanation of Language Points33. 1) This was the essence/central idea of Henry Jamess remarks about the park. 2) heart: here, it means the central or most important part of something. More examples: E.g: What is at the heart of the plan is to allow farmers to make more money. E.g: This critic has touched the heart of the story.2021/6/7605. Explanation of Language Points34. 1) to be at its most popular: when it was most popular A more frequently used expression is “to be at ones best”, meaning in ones best condition E.g: Under Queen Victoria England seemed to be at her best. E.g: His average score was over 50 points when he was at his best.2021/6/7615. Explanation of Language Points35. 1)Moses added the third design element to the Park. 2)toberesponsibleforsth/sb:here, to be the cause of sth E.g: The moisture isresponsiblefortherust.3) There are three elements in the architecture of Central Park. English Romanticism is characterized by the picturesque ideal to blend the architecture with the natural environment. Central Parks founding commissioners Olmsted and Calvert Vaux were influenced by this tradition. Their ideal was to allow New Yorkers to experience a day in the pastoral country without leaving the island city. The Ramble, the sheep meadow, the wooded paths, the terraces and promenades are of this style. Another style is Classicism characterized by formal symmetry and the use of straight lines, evident in the south end of the Park. In the early days of America, admiration for British or European culture was still strong. Indeed the concept of creating the park was originally conceived by wealthy New Yorkers who admired the public grounds of London and Paris. However, with the maturing of the nation and the rise of its power, the pride of Americanism gradually took the upper hand. The author therefore describes the Park proudly as efficient, purposeful and distinctiveneither romantic nor classical, and neither English nor French, but distinctively American.2021/6/7625. Explanation of Language Points36. 1) He had baseball fields built. 2) to put in: to install; to buildEg: We cant move into the house until theyve put the heating in.Other uses of put in: to spend time/ to make effortsE.g: If you put in a few hours of work every week, the lawn would not look so terrible.to invest in a businessE.g: They have each put in 10,000 to start up the business. diamond: here, it refers to the diamond-shaped field for playing baseball2021/6/7635. Explanation of Language Points37. 1) senior citizens: a euphemism for old peopleEuphemisms are mild, pleasant or indirect words or phrases in place pf harsh, unpleasant,more direct or accurate ones. For example: Euphemisms for “to die”: to pass away/to be no more/to be gone/to go to heaven/ to join thegreat majority/ to breathe ones last 2) birdwatcher: birdwatcher observe wild birds in their natural habit. The favorite places for birdwatching in Central Park are the Ramble and the reservoir area.2021/6/7645. Explanation of Language Points38. 1) Moses did a lot of turn Central Park into an efficient peoples park. But the outcome was quite unexpected and sad: by the end of his era the Park was dangerous. 2) irony: a strange, funny or sad situation in which things happen in the opposite way to what you would expect. The basic element of irony is a discrepancy between what is expected and what actually happens. 2021/6/7655. Explanation of Language Points39.1)Hootingwithasenseofominouspower:laughinginaloudandunpleasantwayshowingthattheyknewtheyhadthepowertomakepeoplefeelafraidofthemThisparagraphagainisabouttheauthorsfear.Noticehowhesetsthethreateningscenebyusingsuchwordsas:“gang”,zoomedacross”,“hooting”and,later,“involuntarily”,“onarampage”.ComparethisparagraphtoParagraph6,andyouwillfindsimilaritiesinideaand,hencealsoinorganizationandvocabulary(“compulsive”and“involuntarily”;“callup”and“review”,etc).2)thereservoir:locatedinthenorthpartofCentralPark,thereservoir,withthe1.58miletrackroundit,isafavoriteplaceforjoggers,birdwatchers,andtouristwheretheycanenjoysomeofthebestviewsoftheNewYorkskyline.2021/6/7665. Explanation of Language Points40. But this night in 20th century, even if there was no cloud over the sky, there would be no stars.Actually, no stars could be seen since too much glare coming from the city disguised the stars inthe sky.2021/6/7675. Explanation of Language Points41. 1) The Park, which is supposed to remain unaffected by any influence of the city life, is now surrounded, and even overwhelmed completely by the features of the city. But there was no denying the fact (you have to admit) that the city was very beautiful, although it was not natural kind of beauty ,it was artificial and showy ,and it used up a great amount of water and energy. 2) contrived: cleverly made but not natural 3) glaringly obtrusive: very conspicuous or showy with everything glittering or shining 4) staggering: shocking 2021/6/768 5. Explanation of Language Points42. On my left there appeared another trail which seemed dirty but likely to lead a good place for me to unroll my sleeping bag.43. Daniel Boone had made his hat out of the skin of raccoons. And he was always pictured wearing a coonskin cap.44. Notice the humorous way the author compared the peeing of the raccoon and the pouring rain of nature.2021/6/769 6. Grammar1) Elliptical coordinate clauses/ sentense 2) Absolute constructions.2021/6/770IV. Interaction1. Say what you know about the present and past of Central Park.2. Say why or why not some New Yorkers like Central Park.2021/6/771V. Written Homework1.Learn the new words and expressions by heart.2.Do all of exercises of Lesson Twelve.3.Reading Text B. by yourselves. 2021/6/772部分资料从网络收集整理而来，供大家参考，感谢您的关注！