名师精编优秀资料第一篇基础知识第一节字母英语是字母文字，共有26 个字母， 26 个字母按一定的顺序排列在一起便组成字母表，英语中称之为 “ Alphabet” 。1.26 个字母的读音2.元音字母是哪些？英文字母分为 元音字母 和辅音字母。 Aa , Ee , Ii, Oo, Uu 为 5 个元音字母， 除 Yy 外其他 20个为辅音字母。Yy 为半元音字母. 第二节语音关于语音的几个概念1)字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u, 2)音标：词的语音形式。3)音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48 音素。4)音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。apple, student, teacher, understand 5)元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20 个元音。单元音有 12 个： /i:/ /I/ /e/ /? / /?:/ /?/ / /a:/ /?/ /?:/ /u/ /u:/ 双元音有 8 个/eI/ /aI/ /?I/ /?u/ /au/ /I?/ / ?/ /u?/ 6)辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28 个辅音。 清辅音有11 个 ：/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /s/ / / / /h/ /t / /tr/ /ts/ 浊辅音有 17 个：/b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /z/ / / / / /r/ /d / /dr/ /dz/ /m/ /n/ /? / /l/ /w/ /j/ 7)开音节： a) 辅音 +元音 +辅音 +e name bike ;b) 辅音 +元音he, go, hi 8)闭音节： a) 辅音 +元音 +辅音bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音 +辅音 it 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 27 页名师精编优秀资料9)重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。第二篇语法知识梳理第一节 词法在英语中，共有 10 大词类，它们是：名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、代词、冠词、介词、连词、感叹词。一、名词1. 什么叫名词？名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：mother 妈妈 panda 熊猫library图书馆 pencil 铅笔 wish愿望2. 名词是如何分类的？（1） 名词根据意义分为专有名词和普通名词。1专有名词表示特定的人或事物的名称。如：Mr Green 格林先生the Spring Festival 春节the Great Wall 长城Britain 英国提示： 1、人名都是专有名词2、专有名词的第一个字母必须大写。2普通名词是不属于特定的人或事物名称的词。普通名词又分为个体名词和集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。个体名词，如：radio（广播）， watch（手表）；集体名词，如： class（班级）， people（人民）；物质名词，如： milk（牛奶）water（水）；抽象名词，如：work（工作）， health（健康）。(2)名词根据其表示的事物性质的不同，分为可数名词和不可数名词。1可数名词表示的事物是可以用数字一个一个数出来的，有单数和复数两种形式。如： a banana 一只香蕉two bananas 两只香蕉2不可数名词表示的事物是不可以用数字一个一个数出来的，不分单、 复数；抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词一般都是不可数名词。如：milk 牛奶 ice 冰 idea想法 France 法国提示：有少数名词既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，但含义不同。如：fish鱼肉（不可数） fish 鱼类（可数） chicken 鸡肉（不可数） chicken 小鸡（可数）3. 可数名词复数形式的构成规则是什么？（1） 名词复数形式构成的基本规则：情况变法例词一般情况加-s girl-girls book -books 以 sshxch 结尾的词加-es bus-buses watch-watches 以 “辅音字母 + y 结尾的词变 y 为 i 再加 es family-falimies strawberry-strawberries 以 f 或 fe 结尾的词变 f 或 fe 为 v 再加 es half-halves wife-wives 以 o 结尾的词加 es 或 s photo-photos piano-pinaos 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 27 页名师精编优秀资料radio-radios zoo-zoos tomato-tomatoes potato-potatoes 复数形式词尾是或 的读法如下：情况读法例词在 /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ 等清辅音后/s/ cakes desks cups 在/s/ /z/ /t / /d / 等后/iz/ buses classes watches 在其他情况下/z/ bananas zoos windows (2)需要特别记住的是英语中有些名词的复数形式是不规则的。如：Man-men woman-women foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice child-children sheep-sheep deer-deer fish-fish Chinese-Chinese 4. 如何表示不可数名词的数量？（1） 不可数名词没有单、 复数的区别，是不能直接以数字计算事物的名词，要表示“一”这个概念，我们可以用“a+表示数量的名词 + of+名词”的形式。如：a glass of water 一杯水 a cup of tea 一杯茶（2） 如果要表达两个或两个以上的概念，表示数量的名词需要用复数形式，不可数名词不变。 如：two glasses of water 两杯水 five bags of rice 五袋大米提示：这种形式也可以用于可数名词，但名词必须用复数形式。如：a basket ofapples 一篮子苹果 five baskets of tomatoes 五篮子西红柿5. 什么是名词所有格？名词中表示所有关系的形式叫做名词所有格，意为“的”，一般在名词后加是 s。如 Grandma s house 奶奶的房子my parents car 我父母的车(1) 如果名词代表的事物是有生命的，那么其所有格有以下几种形式：分类构成方式举例普通单数名词在名词末尾加s Nancy s father 以 或 结尾的复数名词在名词末尾加the teachers books 特殊复数名词（不以或结尾）在名词末尾加s Children s Day 表示共有关系的在最后一个名词的末尾加 s Jim and Henlen s mother（两人共有一个妈妈）表示各自所有关系的在每个名词的词尾都加 s Jim s and Henlen s mothers（两人各自的妈妈）提示：表示公共场所、或住宅的名词，其所有格后面常常省略被修饰的名词。We will go to my sister s for dinner this afternoon. 今天下午我们将去我姐姐家吃饭。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 27 页名师精编优秀资料Let s go to the barber s. 我们去理发店吧。（2） 如果名词代表的事物是没有生命的，常与组成短语来表示其所有格，表示前者属于后者。It s a map of China. 这是一张中国地图。The name of the cartoon is Cinderella. 这部动画片的名字是灰姑娘。例题引路一、写出下列名词的复数形式。1baby 2.key 3.strawberry 4.life 5.half 6.woman 7.German 8.Japanese 答案 1.babies 2.keys 3. strawberries 4.lives 5.halves 6.women 7.Germans 8. Japanese 二、翻译下列词组1.长城2.许多羊3.三袋大米4.五篮子鸡蛋5 四位女教师6.八棵苹果树7 七张老太太的照片8.她的一个朋友答案 1 .the Great Wall 2.many/a lot of sheep 3.three bags of rice 4.five baskets of eggs 5.four women teachers 6.eight apple trees 7.seven photos of an old woman 8.a friend of hers 衔接训练一、写出下列名词的复数形式。1.pencil-box 2.wife 3.Sunday 4.city 5.dress 6.Englishman 7.match 8.Chinese 9.exam 10.library 11.radio 12. family 13.boy 14. photo 15.tomato 16.dish 17.American 18.dictionary 三、单项选择1.My father is a .He works in a hospital. A.teacher B. doctor C. farmer D. soldier 2.We need some more .Can you go and get some ,please? A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. a potato 3.In the picture there are many and two . A. sheep; foxes B. sheeps ;foxes C. sheeps; fox D. sheep ; foxs 4.Let s meet at 7:30 outside the gate of . A. the People s Park B. the Peoples Park C. the People Park D. People s Park 5.There are sixty-seven in our school. A.women s teacher B. women teachers C. women teachers D. women teacher 6.This shop sells apples,bananas and things like these.It s a . A. food shop B. book shop C. fruit shop D. vegetable shop 7.September10th is in China. A.Teacher s Day B. Teachers Day C. Teacher Day D .Teachers Day 8.The football under the bed is . 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 27 页名师精编优秀资料A. Su Hai and Liu Tao B. Su Hai s and Liu Tao s C.Su Hai s and Liu Tao D. Su Hai and Liu Tao s 9.The post office is a bit far from here. It s about . A. thirty minutes s walk B. thirty minute s walk C. thirty minutes walk D. thirty minutes walk 10. are big and bright. A. The classroom window B. The window of the classroom C.The classroom s windows D. The windows of the classroom 四、用所给名词的适当形式填空。1.Are there three (child)playing in the classroom? 2.Here re two (bottle)of (milk) for you. 3.Daniel always wears a pair of (glass) and he looks clever. 4.We do too much (homework)every day so we have no time to play. 5.It s Sunday and there are so many (people)in the street. 6.You should brush your (tooth)at least twice every day. 五、根据汉语提示完成句子。1. Beijing is (中国的首都 ) 2.I m hungry. Please give me （四片面包）3.Are these （你父母的照片）？4.I visited （长城）last year.It s really wonderful. 5 （Tom 和 Mike 的手表）are new. They bought them last Saturday. 6.You can found （一些苹果树） in the garden. 7. （杨玲和南希的桌子） is very clean,but （她们的椅子）are very dirty. 二、动词1.动词的定义和分类动词是表示动作或状态的一类词。动词充当谓语时，要受到主语的限制，与主语在人称和数上一致。用来表示动作或状态在各种时间条件的动词形式称为时态。动词根据其在句中的功能，可以分为实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词四类。2.实义动词（1）实义动词的分类实义动词也叫行为动词， 即表示动作的动词， 能独立作谓语。 实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词之分。 及物动词是指后面可以直接跟宾语的动词；不及物动词指后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词。We have friends all over the world. 我们的朋友遍天下。George s father lives there. 乔治的爸爸住在那儿。提示：英语动词中有很多既是及物动词又是不及物动词，如close,begin,study,leave,work等。（3） 实义动词的基本形式有动词原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、现在分词、过去分词。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 27 页名师精编优秀资料3.系动词（1）系动词的定义.系动词亦称连系动词，不能单独做谓语，后面必须跟表语。（2）系动词的功能系动词的主要功能是把表语（名词、形容词、副词、非谓语动词、介词短语、从句）和其主语联系在一起，以说明主语的属性、特征或状态。它和其后的表语一起构成句子的谓语。（3）常见系动词My father is a policeman. You will feel better after a night s sleep.It s getting warmer and warmer in spring. He looked angry/sad/happy. The apples taste very good. 提示：有部分系动词也可以作为实义动词来使用。He looked sad at the news. （“看起来”，系动词用法）He kooked sadiy at the boy. （“看着”，实义动词用法）4.助动词（1）助动词的定义助动词是语法功能词，本身没有词义，不可单独使用。He doesn t like English. (2) 助动词的功能1表示时态He is singing. He doesnt go to school on Saturday. 2构成疑问句Do you like college life? Did you study English before you came here? 3与否定副词 not 连用构成否定句I don t like playing computer games. They are not watching TV now. (3)目前学过的助动词有： be(am/is/are),do(does/did) 1“am/is/are+ 现在分词”构成现在进行时态。They are having a meeting. English is becoming more and more important. 2do/does/did 构成一般疑问句、否定句、否定祈使句。Do you want to pass the English exam? He doesn t like to study. Don t be late for school. 提示： do 也可以作实义动词，表示 “做” 。 变否定句时必须借助 don t/doesn t/didn t He does homework every day. He doesn t watch TV on school days. 6. 情态动词（1） 情态动词的定义及功能情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，但要与普通动词一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等得一类词。情态动词一般本身无人称和数的变化，其后面的实义动词要用动词原形。She can swim fast, but I can t. You mus t stay here until I come back. （2） 常见情态动词的用法精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 27 页名师精编优秀资料1can 表示能力，意为“会，能”。表示客观可能性或推测时，用于否定句和疑问句； She can sing English songs. It can t (不可能)be Jim.I saw him at school just now. Can /May( 可以) I borrow your bike? 2may 表示许可，用于陈述句； 表示正式的请求或许可， 用于一般疑问句。回答 may 提出的问题，肯定形式为：Yes,please./ Yes, please do./Yes,certainly./Yes,you may. 否定形式为： No,you mustn t./No, you can t./Please don t. You may go out to ply now. -May I smoke here? -Yes,you may./No you mustn t. 3must 指客观可能性或猜测时，意为“一定”；表示“应当，必须”时，其否定形式为 mustn t 意为“禁止，不允许，千万别”。回答由must 构成的一般疑问句，肯定形式为： Yes ， 主语+must ； 否定形式为：No， 主语 +needn t/don t have to 。It must (肯定)be Nancy s book.Her name is on the cover. You mustn t (千万别) play football in the street. -Must I hand in my homework tomorrow? -Yes, you must. / No, you needn t/don t have to. 4should 表示“应该，应当”， shouldn t 表示“不应该”。You should tell your mother the truth. You shouldn t make the same mistake. 例题引路一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.My father always (help)my mother with housework. 2.The ships (not be)in the river now;they (be)there a moment ago. 3.Our family (have)a new computer last month. 4.I can (do )it better than you . 二、模仿例词写出所给动词的相应形式。例词:do does doing did 1. write _ _ _ _ 2.carry _ _ _ _ 3.wash _ _ _ _ 4.meet _ _ _ _ 衔接训练一、单项选择1.My brother_ a teacher. He _ his pupils very much. A. is ; like B. is; likes C. are; likes D. are; like 2.-How many days_there in a week? -There_seven. A. is; is B.are; is C. is; are D. are; are 3.My English teacher _. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 27 页名师精编优秀资料A. all look young B. looks young C. look young D. all looks young 4.I _busy now, but I _ free next week. A. am; am B. am; will C. am; will be D. being; will be 5.May I _to Helen Brown? A. tell B. speak C. talk D. say 6.Yang Ling can _clothes for the doll. A. make; B. makes C. made D. making 7.She looks _because she will go to Hainan for a holiday. A. happily B. be happy C. happy D. happiness 8. -_I use your pen,Dad? -Yes,you can . A. May B. Do C. Am D. Must 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Two and six_(be) eight. 2.There _(be)lots of sheep on the farm last year. 3.The boy with his friends_(have)some homework every day. 4.You must _(listen)to your teacher in class. 5.We like _(watch)cartoons at the weekend. 6.Listen! Someone _(sing)in the next room. 7.Su Hai wants_(be)a teacher when she grows up. 8.What _you _(do)last night? 9. _(not speak)loudly in the reading room. 10. I like _(read) very much,but I don t like _(read)today.I m too tired. 三、形容词1.什么是形容词？形容词是用来修饰或描述名词或代词，以说明人或事物的性质、 状态或特征的一类词。 Jane is a beautiful girl. Is there anything wrong with your MP4? 2.形容词在句中的位置是怎样的？几个形容词连用时，如何排序？（1）形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，系动词和不定代词之后。She is a good girl. I am tall and thin.There is something important to tell her. 提示：1.有的形容词只能作表语，如：afraid 害怕 ，alone 独自的， asleep 睡着的， awake 醒着的， alive 活着的， well 健康的， ill 病的2.某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人或整体的东西，谓语动词用复数。The Chinese have long history. We should help the old (2) 多个形容词修饰名词时，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的在后. She bought herself a new silk skirt. I have long straight golden hair. 提示：多个形容词和其他词修饰名词时，其顺序是：限定词（冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词） +描绘词（大小、长短、形状、新旧、长幼、颜色）+出处+材料性质 +类别+名词精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 27 页名师精编优秀资料3.什么是形容词的比较等级？绝大多数形容词有三种形式：原级、比较级和最高级。Liu Hai is as tall as me . (tall 是原级 ) It is warmer today than it was yesterday. (warmer 是比较级 ) She is the best student in her class. (best 是最高级 ) 4.形容词比较等级的构成规则是什么？（见八年级上语法附录）5.形容词比较等级的几种用法（1）形容词的原级可用于两个人或事物的比较，常用的有两种结构：1肯定结构： as +形容词的原级+ as ，意为“和一样”。She is as careful as her mother. 2否定结构： not as /so + 形容词的原级 +as ，意为“不如”。This dish is not as nice as that one. （2）形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较，常用的有四种结构：1形容词比较级 +than ，表示“比”。This film is more interesting than that one. 2形容词比较级 +形容词比较级，表示“越来越”。My sister is getting taller and taller. 3the +形容词比较级， the +形容词比较级，表示“越越”。The more, the better. The more careful you are ,the fewer mistakes you wii make. 4the +形容词比较级+ of the two ，表示“两者中较的一个”。Tom is the cleverer of the twins. 提示：比较级前可以加表示程度的副词much ,even,a little等来修饰。He is much stronger than Mike. (3) 形容词的最高级用于三个或三个以上的人或事物的比较，常用“the +形容词的最高级 +名词+范围（of/ in 短语或从句）”结构，意为“中最的” 。He is the busiest boy in our class. Yao Ming is one of the most famous basketball players in NBA. 提示：形容词的最高级前要加the，但如果形容词的最高级前有物主代词时，不需要加 the 。 Today is my happiest day. 7. 常见形容词的反义词，你记住了吗？bad-good better-worst best-worst big-small/little beautiful-ugly black-white busyfree cheap-expensive cleandirty clever-foolish cloudy-sunny cool warm cold-hot dangerous-safe dark-bright/light dry-wet early-late easydifficult eastwest far-near sunny-rainy first-last happy-unhappy/sad hard-soft ill-healthy/well light-heavy more-less/few most-least/fewest old-new oldyoung poorrich quiet-noisy samedifferent short-long short-tall slow-quick small-big/large/great strong-weak thin-fat thin-thick 例题引路精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 27 页名师精编优秀资料一、单项选择1.I have_to do today.I couldn t help you now. A. anything important B. something important C. important nothing D. important something 2.-Is chemistry more difficult than physics? -No, chemistry isn t as _as physics. A.easy B. easier C. difficult D. more difficult 二、同义句转换。1.Liu T ao is not as strong as Gao Shan. .Liu T ao is_ _ Gao Shan. Gao Shan.is _ _ Liu T ao. 2.David is the tallest student in his class. .David is_than_ _ _ in his class. 衔接训练一、用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Of the three girls,I found Millie is the _(clever). 2.There are _(few)people here today than yesterday. 3.My sister is two years_(old)than I . 4.Jane s parents have four daughters, and she is the _(young)child. 5.The _(cheap)things are not always the worst ones. 6.The short one is _(expensive)of the five. 7.The boy is not so _(interesting)as his brother. 8. She will be much _(happy)in her new house. 二、单项选择1.He feels_today than yesterday. A. tired B .more tired C. more tireder D. much tired 2.Of the two toys,the child chose_. A. the more expensive one B. one most expensive C. a least expensive D.the most expensive of them 3.The line is _than that one. A. more longer B. not longer C. much more longer D. many more longer 4.The book is _of the three. A. thinner B . the thinner C .more thinner D. the thinnest 5.She looks _than she is. A. the more older B, very older C. much older D. more older 6. The garden is becoming _. A. more and more beautiful B. more beautiful and beautiful C. more beautiful and more D. more beautiful and beautifuler 7._hurry, _speed. A. More; less B. Much; little C. The more; the less D. The much; the little 8 Looking _at his mother, the little boy looked_. A. happy;good B. happy; well C. sad; sadly D. sadly; sad 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 27 页名师精编优秀资料三、根据汉语提示完成句子。1.这本书跟那本书一样有趣。This book is _ _ _that one. 2.这个故事不如那个有趣。This story is _ _than that one. 3.今天比昨天冷得多。It is _ _ today _ it was yesterday. 4.他对英语越来越感兴趣。He is becoming _ _ _ _ in English. 5.他吃得越多，就越胖。_ _ he eats , _ _he gets. 6.他比我大两岁。He is_ _ _ than I. 四、副词1.什么是副词？副词是一种用来修饰动词、 形容词、副词或全句的词， 以说明时间、 地点、程度、方式等概念。We should listen to our teachers carefully. In spring , I can see flowers everywhere.2.副词的种类有哪些？（1）方式副词，如 quickly,neatly,happily （2）地点、方位副词，如here,away,outside,west （3）时间副词，如 yesterday,already,just,now,before,later,often,sometimes （4）强调副词， very,too,even,only, 4.副词在句中的位置和排列顺序（1）时间、地点副词，小在前，大在后。He comes from New York,America.（2）方式副词，短在前，长在后。Please write slowly and carefully.（3）方式 +地点+时间The old woman runs very slowly along the river at 6:00 every morning. 4.副词同形容词一样也有比较级和最高级形式。5.常见副词的区别：（1）very, much, very much Very 用于修饰形容词或副词的原级；much 用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级；very much 用于修饰动词。John is very good. This garden is much bigger than that one. I love music very much (2)so , such 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 27 页名师精编优秀资料1so 修饰形容词或副词； such 修饰名词。My brother runs so fast that I can t follow him. He is such a boy. 2so 修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数的可数名词，其结构是“so+形容词 +a/an+可数名词单数”； such 可修饰可数名词单复数和不可数名词，名词前可以有形容词作定语，其结构是“such+（a/an）+形容词 +可数名词单数 /复数/不可数名词” 。He is so clever a boy.=He is such a clever boy. It is such cold weather. They are such good students. 提示： 如果可数名词复数前有many,few 或 不可数名词前有much ， little 修饰，用 so 不用 such。(3)also ,too, as well, either also ,too, as well, 用于肯定句， also 常用于 be 动词、情态动词、助动词之后，行为动词之前， too, as well 用于句末； either 用于否定句末。My father is a teacher. My mother is also a teacher. = My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher as well. = My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher,too. I can t speak French. Jenny can t speak French,either. (4) sometime, sometimes, some time, some times sometime 意为“某一时间“，可指将来，过去；sometimes 意为“有时”；some time 指“一段时间”； some times 指“几次，几倍”。We ll have a test sometime next month. Sometimes we are busy and sometimes,we are not. He stayed in Beijing for some time last year. I have been to Beijing some times. 例题引路一、用所给词的适当形式填空。1.He is too tired and he can t walk as_(quick)as his father. 2.I feel _(well)today than yesterday. 3.Helen draws_(care)of the girls in her class. 二、单项选择1.Remember not to speak_when we are in the reading room. A. fast B. slowly C. politely D.loudly 2.-What was the weather like yesterday? -It was terrible.It rained so _that people could_go out. A.hardly; hard B. hardly; hard C. hard ; hardly D. hard; hard 3.There was an accident at the corner._,the girl wasn t _hurt. A.Luckily; badly B.Luck; hardly C. Lucky; heavily D. Lucky;strongly 衔接训练一、用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Who gets up _(early),Yang Linor Miss Liu? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 27 页名师精编优秀资料2.Tom did well in the exam,so his classmates spoke_(high)of him. 3. He put on his coat and went out _(quick) 4.It s dangerous to stand outside,for the wind is blowing _(strong). 5.He learns math _(quick) than the other students. 6.English is _(wide)used in the world. 7.They don t know why you talked to them so _(angry.) 8.It is raining _(heavy),so you d better not go out now. 9.He did the work as _(careful) as most of us. 10.Li Lei and Lin Tao are working much_(hard)than before. 二、单项选择1. Jack s brother doesn t work so _as Jack. A. harder B. hard C . hardest D. hardly 2.Jim speaks Chinese very_. A. good B. better C. well D. best 3.He drives much _than he did three years ago. A. careful B. carefully C . more careful D. more carefully 4. I think Math is _more difficult than English. A. much B. very C. too D. so 5. My son looks _today.He is playing _with other children. A. happy; happy B. happy ; happily C. happily; happily D. happily; happy 6. Look! There is _ice on the lake. A. too much B. too many C. much too D. so many 7.She walked into the room _because her mother was sleeping. A. clear B.quiet C.quick . D. quietly 8. Jim s computer is _than _. Don t you think so? A. a lot newer; Lin Tao B. very new; Lin Tao s C. much newer; Lin Tao s D.a little newer; Lin Tao 五、数词1.什么是数词？表示数目“多少”和顺序“第几”的词叫数词。 分为基数词和序数词。 参看课本，记牢 读音和拼写。2. 基数词的用法（1）表示“哪一年”，每两位数一读。1998 年，读作 nineteen ninety eight 2009 年 读作 two thousand and nine (2)表示“几点”at five o clock （3）表示编号No.101 bus (4)表示加减乘除One and two is three. (5)表示小数5.3 读作five point three (6)表示百分数40% 读作forty percent 3.什么情况下用序数词？（1） 表示日期3 月 8 号 写作： March (the) eighth 读作： March the eighth （2）表示分数1/6 one sixth 3/5 three fifths 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 27 页名师精编优秀资料例题引路单项选择1.About _of the books in our school library are written in Chinese. A. fourth-fifth B. four-fifth C. four-fifths D. fourths-fifth 2. The road is over _meters long. A. six hundred and fifty-two B. six hundreds and fifty two C. six hundred , fifty-two D. six hundred , fifty and two 3.January _is New Year s Day. A. first B. two C. the first D. the second There were _people in the meeting room yesterday. A. two hundreds B. two hundred of C. hundreds of D. hundred of 衔接训练一根据句意，填入合适的数词。1.Su Hai is _(12)years old.She is in Class _(5)Grade_(6). 2.September is the _(9)month in a year. 3.Which girl is thinner,the _(2)one or the _(3) one? 4.One _years is a century(世纪)。5.There are _minutes in an hour. 二、单项选择1.-How many students are there in your school? -_the students in our school_over two thousand. A.The number of ;is B. The number of;are C. A number of;is D. A number of;are 2. The new student is in _. A. Class 2 B. Class Second C. 2 Class D. class 2 3.-How many teachers are there in your school? -_, but I m not sure. A. Hundreds B. Hundred C. Hundred of D. One hundred 4._Dad,when will you be free ? You agreed to go to the seaside with me four days ago. -I m sorry,Jean. But Ithink I will have a _holiday soon. A. four days B. four day C. fourth day D. four day 5. This story happened on _. A. 2009,Oct.21stB. Oct.21st , 2009 C. 2009,21 October D. 21st of October,2009 六、代词1.什么是代词？如何分类？代词是用来代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的一类词。按其指代作用不同可分为人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、指示代词、反身代词、不定代词、关系代词、相互代词八类。2. 人称代词精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 27 页名师精编优秀资料（1）人称代词的概念人称代词是为了避免重复，用来代替前面提到的人或事物的名称的一类代词。Jim and Liu Tao ,Miss Li is waiting for you! Pick up your books and put them away. (2) 人称代词的人称、数和格人称代词是表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词。表格见七年级附录提示：说话的人为第一人称，听话的人为第二人称，被谈到的人或事物为第三人称。人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称I me we us 第二人称you you you you 第三人称he him they them she her it it （3）人称代词的基本用法1人称代词主格在句中作主语，是动作的执行者。She likes playing volleyball very much. 2人称代词宾格在句中作动词或介词的宾语，是动作的承受者。Mr. Brown teaches us English. You must look after them. 提示：两个以上人称代词并用时，通常you 放在第一位，I 放在最后；复数 we 放在第一位， they 放在最后，简单记成：单数 2.3.1；复数 1.2.3。都是第三人称，女后男在先。 You,Tom and I are leaving next month. 3.物主代词（1）物主代词的概念物主代词是表示所有关系的一类代词。This isn t my Walkman.It s hers. (2)物主代词分类：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。人称单数复数形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称my mine our ours 第二人称your yours your yours 第三人称his his their theirs her hers its its 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页，共 27 页名师精编优秀资料（3）物主代词的基本用法1形容词性物主代词和形容词有相似之处，用来修饰名词，不可以单独使用。These are their books. Her name is Cheng Jie. 2名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，后面不必再加名词。This is my pen .That is yours /your pen. 4. 疑问代词(1)疑问代词基本用法疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用，常被用来构成疑问句，置于句首。Whose book is this ? What are you reading now? (2)常见的疑问代词有： what,which,who,whom,whose等。指人的是who,whom,whose ；指物的是： what；既可指人又可指物的是which。Which do you like better , tea or milk? What s your father? Whose books are these on the desk? 5. 指示代词this,these , 指较近的事物； that, those 指较远的事物。6.反身代词（1） 反身代词的构成： myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves herself, himself, itself, themselves, oneself （2）反身代词的用法反身代词可以作宾语、表语、同位语等。We enjoyed ourselves very much. I bought a new coat for myself. He himself did it . 7.不定代词（1）常见的不定代词有： all, each,both,either,neither,little,few,many,much,other,another,some,any,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,someone,anyone, no one,everyone,something,anything,everything,none. (2) 常见的不定代词区别1both,either,neither both 表示“两者都”， either 表示“两者中的任何一个”，neither 表示“两者都不”。Both of us are right. Either you two is OK. Neither of us is right. 提示：1.both + 名词复数 = either + 名词单数There are many trees on both sides of the street. = There are many trees on either side of the street 2.both and作主语时谓语动词用复数， eitheror 和 neither nor作主语时谓语动词的单复数与邻近的主语保持一致。Both Tom and Jenny are from America. Either Tom or I am right.=Either I or Tom is right. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 16 页，共 27 页名师精编优秀资料Neither Tom nor I am right.=Neither I nor Tom is right. 2few, a few, 与 little ，a little few 和 a few 修饰可数名词的复数，谓语动词都用复数，little 和 a little 修饰不可数名词，谓语动词都用单数。a few ,a little 是肯定的含义，意为“一些”；few,little 是否定的含义，意为“几乎没有”。A few students go to the park. Few students go to the park. He has a little hair. He has little hair. 3each 和 every each 和 every 都意为“每一个”，后面的谓语动词都要用单数。但each 比every 更强调个体。 Each 具有形容词和代词两个词性，可以作句子主语；every只能作形容词，不作主语。Each (man)has his life. Every singer has his successful song. 4other,another,the other,others,与 the others other 表示“其他的，另外的”，后面跟名词或代词；“another+ 单数名词”意为“又一个，另外一个”，泛指。无限定范围；the other 表示“另外一个”，指两者中的另外一个； others 表示“其他人”，泛指复数含义，无限定范围，后面不能跟名词； the others 表示“其他人”，特指的复数，指在一定范围内去除一部分后剩下的另一部分。I have two flowers.One is red, the other one is white. Tom is taller than the others in his class. Would you like another cup of tea? There are many people in the park, some are talking,some are flying kites and others are reading. 例题引导一、用 other,the other,others, 与 the others 填空1. He has two daughters.One is a nurse,_is a worker. 2. Some people like walking. Some like running._like swimming. 3.Two boys will go to the zoo,and _will stay at home. 4. Do you have any _qustions? 二、单项选择1.-_school is much larger than _? -Really? AOur; your B. Our; yours C. Ours ; yours D. We; you 2. _are all in Class6. A.You,I and he B. He, you and I C.I ,you and he . D.You ,he and I 3.The buildings in Dalian are similar（相似的）to _in Tokyo. A. ones B. those C. these D. that 衔接训练一、单项选择1，The weather in Guangzhou is better than _in Shenyang. A. that B. it C. this D. one 2._have a racing bicycle. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 17 页，共 27 页名师精编优秀资料A.Each B. Each of us C.Every of us D. We each 3.My bike is broken.May I borrow_? A. you B. yourself C. yours D.your 4. I bought _exercise books with _money. A. a few; a few B. a few; a little C. a little ; a few .D. a little; a little 5.-_is he? He is a bus driver. A.Who B. Which C. That D. What 6.- _hat is this ? -It s_. A.Whose;me B. Who; mine C. Whom; his D.Whose; mine 7.He has _to tell us. A. something important B. important something C. anything useful D. useful nothing 8. _of the teachers are OK in our school. A. Every B. Each C. Either D. All 9. Of the three foreigners, one is from London,and _are from thexUSA. A.two others B.the other two C. another two D. the both 10. -Which would you like,sir,tea or coffee? -I don t mind._is OK. A. Either B. Neither C. Any D. Both 11. _of us has read the newspaper,so we know nothing about it. A.Some B. Both C. None D. All 12. He is not a warm-hearted man, so _people can get on well with hm. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 七、冠词1.什么是冠词？冠词是一种虚词，它置于名词前，帮助说明名词的含义。本身没有意义，不可单独使用，只能和名词连用。英语中的冠词分不定冠词a/an 和定冠词 the 两种。2.不定冠词的含义和主要用法不定冠词 a/an 通常泛指同类事物中的某一个（位、块、片）。其中，a 用在辅音音素开头的单词前，如a book; an 用在元音音素开头的单词前，如an orange. 不定冠词主要有以下四种用法：（1） 指人或事物的某一种类。It s a basketball. A horse is a useful animal. This is an interesting movie. （2） 表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有强烈。She has a small nose and long hair. (3)指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。His grandfather is an old man . There is an eraser on the desk. (4)用于一些固定短语中，如：a few,a little,a lot of 等。3. 定冠词的含义和主要用法精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 18 页，共 27 页名师精编优秀资料定冠词 the 通常对所修饰的名词有指定作用，表示“这（那）个”，“这（那）些”。定冠词主要有以下用法：（1） 特指某（些）人或某（些）事物The girl in an orange dress is my sister. （2） 指谈话双方都知道的人或物Please look at the blackboard. （3） 指上文提过得人或物I went to the People s Park yesterday. The park is beautiful. （4） 指世界上独一无二的事物The sun is bigger than the earth. （5） 用在序数词和形容词最高级前Gao Shan lives on the fifth floor. （6） 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前the Great Wall,the Palace Museum （7） 用在江、河、湖、海等专有名词前the Changjiang River , the Yellow River （8） 用在姓氏的复数形式前指一家The Browns are very friendly. （9） 用在乐器名称前Can Tom play the violin? (10)用在一些习惯用语中in the morning,/afternoon/evening,in the end 4.什么叫零冠词？什么情况下不用冠词？有些情况下，名词前面可以不用冠词。（1） 专有名词前He went ti Nanjing three days ago. （2） 月份、周日、节日、季节前He was born on July1st,1990. （3） 三餐名词前Liu Tao has lunch at school. （4） 球类运动名称前Mr Brown plays tennis very well. （5） 职位、头衔和称呼语等名词前Mum! Where are my shoes? （6） 复数名词表示一类人或事物时I like potatoes. （7） 语言、学科等名称前We have Math four times a week. （8） 两个词义相同或相近的名词连用时He works hard day and night. （9） 名词前已经有作定语的指示代词、物主代词和不定代词时This book is interesting. （10）泛指人类时精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 19 页，共 27 页名师精编优秀资料Man can t live without air. （11）用在固定词组中go to school,by train,in hospital,at night. 例题引路单项选择1.He give my sister _usefil book yesterday. A. an B. a C. / D. the 2.My brother is_honest boy,so he has many friends. A. a B. an C. the D./ 3.More college graduates wanted to work in _west part of country_next year. A the; the B. / ; / C. / ; the D. the ; / 4. Jim always answers the teacher s questions_. A. in class B. in the class C. after class D. at class 衔接训练一、单项选择1. -What color is _orange? -It s _orange. A. an ; an B. an; the C. an ; / D. /; an 2.Look! The children are having _good time. A. / B. the C. an D. a 3. London is _capital of _England. A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; / 4.There re _few mistakes in your homework.Don t make_same mistakes again. A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. /; the . 5. Yesterday I went to _work on _foot. A. the; / B. / ; the C./ ; / D. the;the 6. There is _ ” h” in the word “ hour” , but _ ” h” doesn t make a sound. A. a; a B. a ; the C. the ; an D. an; the 7. He often says _rich should help _poor. A. the; a B. a; the C. the; the D. / ; / 8 There was _ “ s” on _blackboard. A. a; a B. a ; the C. an ; a D. an ; the 9. There s _egg on the plate. _egg is for you. A. a; A B. an ; An C. an; The D. the; An 10 Did you enter for _high jump or _400- meter race? A. a; a B. a ; the C. the ; a D. the; the 11. _old man in black is waiting for you for half _hour. A. The; an B. The ; a C. An ; a D. An ; / 12._elephant is _huge animal. A. An; an B. An ; a C. The; an D. A ;an 八、介词精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 20 页，共 27 页名师精编优秀资料1.什么是介词？介词是一种用来表示词与词或词与句之间的关系的一种虚词。不能单独做句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类或从句作它的宾语。It s about nine o clock now. Helen is like her mom. 2.介词的用法（1）表示时间的介词1at at noon, at night, 2on on Sunday , on Monday morning, on March8 3in in next week, in November , in 2008, in summer, in the afternoon 4before Wei Hua got up before 7 o clock this morning. 5after After that ,no one played with him. 6by By the time I arrived, she had already gone. 7for The workers often work for twenty-four hours without rest. 8during Did you have a good time during the holiday? 9through Through his life, he kept on learn ing new things. 10from The workers were made to work from 7 in the morning to 7 in the evening. 11since He has taught here ince 1992 （2） 表示地点或方位的介词1at at school , at home, at 330 Heping Road, at the station 2in She will arrive in Shanghai at ten. 3on on the table 4above above the head 5over There is a bridge over the river. 6under under the tree 7below The Dead Sea is below sea level. 8near =not far My home is near the school. 9by He walks by the side of the sea every day. 10between Sue sits between Judy and Nancy. 11among There are some Americans among us. 12around They sat around the table. 13in frint of There is a car in front of the house. 14behind He put his bike behind the tree. 15to Jack got to school at 8:00a.m yesterday. 16from How far is it from London to New York? （3） 表示手段和材料的介词1with a. She lives with her son. b.The girl with long hair is my classmate. c. My American friend is learning to eat with chopsticks. 2in What s this in English? The woman in a red coat is Lucy s mom. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 21 页，共 27 页名师精编优秀资料3by What do you mean by the word “ island ? I like traveling br train. (4)动向介词1into ; out of He jumped into the swimming pool. We looked out of the window and saw many flowers. 2up ; down The little monkey climbed up the tree quickly. Walk down the street and you will see a bookshop on the right. 3across ; through ; along Be careful when you walk across the bridge. We walked through the woods. He is walking along the river. (5) 其他介词1of It was the beginning of the term. 2like Like many children of her age,Ding Ding is a Young Pioneer. 3as She works as a waitress in a restaurant. 4against He is sitting against the tree. Are you against me? 5about He likes reading books about history. What about your family? 6for Do you know what he comes here for? 衔接训练单项选择1.Children get gifts _Christmas and _their birthdays. A. on ; on B. at ; on C. in ; in D. in ; on 2. Mike does his exercises_seven _the evening . A. on; to B. by ; of C. at ; in D. at ; on 3. _a cold winter morning, I met her in the street. A. In B. On C. At D. For 4. He often goes _school _six thirty _the morning. A. for ; to ; in B. for ; at ; to C. to ; for; at D. to ; at ; in 5. The doctor worked _five hours _a rest. A. for; with B. on ; without C. about ; having D. for ; without 6. The teacher is coming back _an hour. A. after B. for C. in D. before 7. I don t like to sit _Tom s right. I would like to sit _the back row. A. on ; in B. in ; on C. on ; at D. at ; on 8 . The apple is _the tree and the cat is _the tree ,too. A. on ; in B. on ; on C. in ; on D. in ; in 9.Lucy sits _the third row ,_Jim s left. A. on ; on B. in ; at C. at ; in D. in ; on 10. They are waiting _a bus _the bus stop. A. for ; in B. on ; at C. for ; at D. with ; at 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 22 页，共 27 页名师精编优秀资料九、连词一、概说连词是一种虚词，用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子，在句子中不单独用作句子成分。连词按其性质可分为并列连词 和从属连词 。并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子，如 and, but, or, for 等；从属连词主要引出名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等)和状语从句 (时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句等)，引出名词性从句的连词如that, whether 等，引出状语从句的连词如when, because, since, if 等。二、并列连词的用法 1. 表示转折关系的并列连词有but, yet ，however 等。如：I like apples ,but my sister likes oranges.= Ilike apples ,however, my sister likes oranges. He said he was our friend, yet he wouldn t help us. 他说他是我们的朋友，但却不肯帮助我们。 2. 表示因果关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有for, so 等。如：The child had a bad cough, so his mother took him to the doctor. 这孩子咳得很利害，所以他妈妈带他去看医生。You are supposed to get rid of carelessness, for it often leads to serious errors. 你们一定要克服粗枝大叶，因为粗枝大叶常常引起严重的错误。注意： for 表示结果通常不能放句首，也不能单独使用。 3. 表示并列关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有and , or , eitheror , neithernor , not only but (also) , both and , as well as 等。如：He didn t go and she didn t go， either. 他没去，她也没去。The weather is mild today; it is neither hot nor cold. 今天天气很温暖，不冷也不热。Both New York and London have traffic problems. 纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。It is important for you as well as for me. 这对你和对我都很重要。People who are either under age or over age may not join the army. 年龄不到或者超龄的人都不得参军。三、从属连词的用法 1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词(1) 表示 “ 当时候 ” 或“ 每当 ” 的时间连词。主要的when, while, as, whenever 。如：Don t talk while you re eating. 吃饭时不要说话。Vegetables are best when they are fresh. 蔬菜新鲜时最好吃。He came just as I was leaving. 我正要走时他来了。(2) 表示 “ 在之前 (或之后 ) ” 的时间连词。主要的有before, after。如：Try to finish your work before you leave. 离开前设法把工作做完。After we have finished tea, we will sit on the grass. 喝完茶之后我们将坐在草地上。(3) 表示 “ 自从 ” 或 “ 直到 ” 的时间连词。主要的有since, until, till 。如：She s been playing tennis since she was eight. 她从八岁起就打网球了。He didn leave until the rain stopped. Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. (谚)不要无事惹事。(4) 表示 “ 一就” 的时间连词。主要的有as soon as, 如：I ll let you know as soon as I hear from her. 我一接她的信就通知你。例题引路单项选择精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 23 页，共 27 页名师精编优秀资料1. They are all new,_Im not. A. and B. but C. so D . or 2. Which is gigger ,the sun _the moon? A. so B. or C.and D.but 3. Do you have any brothers _sisters/ A. so B. or C. for D. but 4. Do more exercise_you are not good at P.E. A. so B. but C. or D. because 5. You have three boks; I have five books. _I have two more books than you. A. And B. But C.So D. If 6.What do you want to buy? -A book _two pens. A. but B. or C. and D. so 7. Miss Li is taller _her sister. A. than B.but C. if D. as 8. My brother goes to work on Sundays_I dont. A. because B. but C. and D. so 9. _I finish my homework , I will watch TV. A. After B. Before C. When D. As 10. She knew nothing about Hong Kong_she went there. A. or B. before C. because D. as 11. I d like some bread _butter. A. but B. and C. nor D. or 12.Just let me know _you need any help. A. because B.before C. if D. and 13.Gao Shan was sad _couldn t find his toys. A. so B. and C. but D. because 第 2 节句法一、概述1. 什么是句子成分？组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语等。顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。（1）主语主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当。He likes watching TV .English is very useful for us . Swimming is a good sport. (2)谓语谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。一般可分为两类：1简单谓语:由动词或短语动词构成。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。We study for the people.我们为人民学习。We got there yesterday morning. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 24 页，共 27 页名师精编优秀资料2复合谓语：由“情态动词动词原形”构成I can speak a little English.我可以说一点英语。（3）表语表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be 之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语等充当。My sister is a nurse. 我姐姐是护士。She looks happy. (4)宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。We like English.我们喜欢英语。有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。He gave me some ink .他给了我一点墨水。有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整， 宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如：We make him our monitor.我们选他当班长。(5)定语在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。He is a new student. 他是个新生。但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。The bike in the room is mine. 房间里的自行车是我的。(6)状语修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词，介词短语，不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。He lives in London.他住在伦敦。The children are playing happily. (7)补语补语用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作，作补语的有形容词、副词、名词、不定式、动词 -ing 形式、数词等。We will make our country more beautiful. 2.句子是如何分类的？（1）句子按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。1 陈述句：用来说明一个事实的句子叫陈述句。它有肯定句和否定句两种形式。陈述句的肯定式：He is a middle school student.（他是个中学生）/ She teaches us geography. （她教我们地理）/ The new play was good enough and everybody enjoyed it.（新的话剧非常好大家都喜欢）陈述句的否定式：My brother is not a teacher.（我的弟弟不是教师）/ He does not have a cousin. （他没有堂兄弟）/ I will not go there tomorrow.（明天我不去那儿）/ My mother is 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 25 页，共 27 页名师精编优秀资料not cooking a meal in the kitchen.（我母亲现在不在厨房里做饭）/ You must not make such mistakes again.（你不该再犯类似错误了）2 、疑问句：提出问题。分一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句四种。如： Is he an engineer?（他是工程师吗？）Do you get up at six every morning?（你天天早晨六点起身吗？） / Does she study hard?（她学习努力吗？） / Did you go there yesterday?（昨天你去那儿了吗？）What do you want? （你要什么？） Why did he go to bed so early?（他为什么这么早睡觉？）/ How did you go there? （你是怎么去的那儿？）Do you want tea or coffee? He never went there, did he? (他从没有去过那里是吗？) 3 、祈使句：祈使句用来表示请求、命令等。它的主语you 往往不说出。祈使句的肯定式：动词 (原形 ) + 其他 如：Please give me a hand. (请帮忙 ) / Shut up! ( 住嘴！ ) 祈使句的否定式：Dont + 动词原形+ 其他如：Please don t talk in low voices. (请不要低声讲话。 ) 4 、感叹句：感叹句用来表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情。句末常用“ ！”如： What a good, kind girl (she is)! (她是多么善良的好女孩！) / What bad weather (it is)! (天气真糟糕！ )How carefully the old man walks! (这老人走路真小心！ ) / How delicious the food is! (这食品真好吃！) / How beautiful! (真美呀！ ) (2)句子按其结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 1 简单句1、简单句的特点：简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语 )和一个谓语 (或并列谓语 )构成。2、简单句的种类：简单句一般分为陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句四种。She laughed. 2 并列句 : 由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有时不用连接词,只在两个简单句之间用逗号或分号。He works in this shop and he likes working here. 3复合句：包含一个主句和一个或多个从句的句子。The boy thinks that he can do this job well. 3.简单句 五种基本句型：句子包含主要句子成分(主语、谓语 )和次要句子成分(表语、宾语、宾语补足语),按照动词的性质将英语简单句划分为以下五种基本句型：1、基本句型的词序：主谓句型：SVi 。I work.主系表句型： SVlinkP John is busy. 主谓宾句型： SVt.O She studies English. 主谓双宾句型： SVtO间宾O直宾 My mother made me a new dress.主谓宾补句型： SVtO C The story made us laugh. 一、陈述句1. 什么是陈述句？精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 26 页，共 27 页名师精编优秀资料陈述句是用于陈述事实或观点的句子。句末必须使用句点“. ”分肯定句和否定句两种。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. His father didnt come to see him yesterday. 2. 肯定句如何变成否定句？（1）be 动词的否定式be 动词根据不同的人称和时态有不同的形式，在一般现在时中是am ，is ，are ；在一般过去时中是was， were 。构成否定式时， 一律在其后加否定词not 。Iam a student .Iam not a student . (2) 情态动词的否定式情态动词的否定式是在其后加not 。Ican swim. Icannot(can t) swim. （3）实义动词的否定式含有实义动词的句子变否定句时，要借助助动词do,does,did等来构成否定式。在一般现在时中借助do, 或 does，在一般过去时中借助did 。I like pop music. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 27 页，共 27 页