专题五非谓语动词专题五非谓语动词.非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成非谓语形式构成特征和作用时态和语态否定式复合结构不定式to doto be doingto have doneto be doneto have been done在非谓语前加notfor sb.to do sth.具有名词、副词和形容词的作用，在句中作主语、宾语、定语、表语和状语分词现在分词doinghaving donebeing donehaving been done具有副词和形容词的作用，在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语过去分词done动名词doinghaving donebeing donehaving been donesb.s doing具有名词的作用，在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语. 非谓语动词作宾语的区别情况常用动词热身训练先练后背只接不定式作宾语的动词hope，want，offer，long，fail，expect，wish，ask，decide，pretend，manage，agree，afford，determine，promise，happenHe offered _ (spare)a room for me.Who can expect _(teach) a class full of naughty children?to spareto teach情况常用动词热身训练先练后背只接动名词作宾语的动词或短语mind，miss，enjoy，imagine，practise，suggest，finish，escape，excuse，appreciate，admit，prevent，keep，dislike，avoid，risk，resist，considerHow I enjoy _ (spend)a holiday with you!The boy had to admit _ (cheat) in the exam.cant help，feel like，succeed in，be fond of，object to，get down to，be engaged in，insist on，think of，be proud of，take pride in，set about，be afraid of，be tired of，look forward to，devote oneself to，be worth，be busy，pay attention to，stick toHearing the news, I couldnt help _ (laugh)On arriving home, I got down to _ (prepare) for the supper.Do you object to me _(smoke) here?spendingcheatinglaughingpreparingsmoking情况常用动词热身训练先练后背两者都可以意义基本相同begin，start，like，love，hate，prefer，continue(接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯性行为)Im beginning _(realize) what I have done is of great significance.need，want，require(接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式)Do you see your car needs_(clean)?意义相反stop to do停止手中的事，去做另一件事stop doing停止正在做的事After an hour, we stopped_(practice) shooting_(take) a rest.to realizecleaningpractisingto take情况常用动词热身训练先练后背两者都可以意义不同remember/forget/regret to do(指动作尚未发生)remember/forget/regret doing(指动作已经发生)Now, I regret _(forget)_(take)an umbrella, or I wouldnt look like a drowned rat.go on to do(接着做另外一件事)go on doing(接着做同一件事)After a short rest, we went on _(pick) apples for the peasants.to forget taking picking 情况常用动词热身训练先练后背两者都可以意义不同try to do(设法，努力去做，尽力)try doing(试试去做，看有何结果)Why dont you try_(do) the work in another way?mean to do(打算做，企图做)mean doing (意味着)I had meant _ (come)to help you, but my boss got me to work overtime.cant help to do(不能帮忙做)cant help doing(忍不住做)Im sorry I cant help_(paint) the wallsI have an appointment.doingto come(to) paint.非谓语动词作宾语补足语的区别常见的跟非谓语动词作宾语补足语的动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念热身训练先练后背不定式ask，beg，expect，get，order，tell，want，wish，encourage主谓关系。强调动作将发生或已经完成He is often heard _(sing) as he works.He was noticed _(take) away by the police.I found her _(listen) to the radio.have，notice，see，watch，hear，feel，let，maketo singtakenlistening常见的跟非谓语动词作宾语补足语的动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念热身训练先练后背现在分词notice，see，watch，hear，find，keep，have，feel主谓关系。强调动作正在进行，尚未完成We found the village greatly_(change)过去分词动宾关系。动作已经完成，多强调状态changed.非谓语动词作定语的区别区别热身训练先练后背不定式与被修饰词往往有动宾关系，一般式表示将来，进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生，完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生I have a lot of papers_(type)I have a lot of papers_(type)Please finish it by 4 pm.动名词通常指被修饰词的用途，无逻辑上的关系Shall we go to the_(swim) pool?to typeto be typedswimming区别热身训练先练后背现在分词与被修饰词之间是主谓关系，表示动作与谓语动作同时发生His hand was burned by the_(boil) water.Take this medicine with the_(boil) water.She was walking on the_(fall) leaves with_(fall) leaves falling on her face.过去分词与被修饰词之间是被动关系，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，现在已经完成boilingboiledfallenfallingV.非谓语动词作状语的区别区别热身训练先练后背现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间是主动关系。_(be) sick，I stayed at home._ (tell) many times，he still repeated the same mistake.过去分词作状语时，表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系_(face) with so much trouble，we failed to complete the task on time.BeingHaving been told/ToldFaced区别热身训练先练后背分词作状语一般表示伴随，而不定式常常表示目的They stood by the roadside_(talk) about the plan.(伴随)They gathered up _ (elect)the monitor.(目的)分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语；而独立主格作状语时，前面的名词(代词)就是独立主格这个结构的逻辑上的主语，它和句子的主语不一致_(see) from the hill，the park looks very beautiful.(分词作状语)The weather_(turn) fine，we went for a walk.(独立主格作状语)talkingto electSeenturning