读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思20XX 年学大教育艺考生课程语法第四十一讲虚拟语气（二） -虚拟语气在名词性 /定语/状语从句中的应用适用学科英语适用年级高三适用区域使用人教版教材地区课时时长（分钟）1 课时/60 分钟知识点虚拟语气在名词性从句及定语从句中的应用教学目标知识： 虚拟语气在名词性 /定语/状语从句中的应用方法： 通过讲解与练习相结合的方法能力： 能根运用虚拟语气进行表达教学重点在名词性 /定语/状语从句中的虚拟语气教学难点句型结构的牢固记忆及灵活运用精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思教学过程一、 课堂导入让学生阅读并分析下面两个句子有什么不同1. How I wish I can go there with you! 我多希望能和你一块去那儿。2. How I wish I had been there with you! 我多希望和你一块去了那儿。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思二、复习预习1. 在上课前，帮助学生上节课所学内容：虚拟条件句2. 上节课课后作业检查和订正(1) 订正习题答案(2) 讨论错题并总结错误原因精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思三、知识讲解知识点 1：虚拟语气用于名词性从句【考查点 1】虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用1. “It is (was)+形容词 (或过去分词 )+that”结构中的虚拟语气在 “It is (was)+形容词 (或过去分词 )+that”结构中，使用某些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令等形容词后的主语从句的谓语用虚拟语气。其表达形式为should +动词原形， should可省略直。常用的形容词：* natural (自然的), important (重要的), necessary ( 必须的 ), essential( 必要的), appropriate (适当的), urgent (急迫的 ), vital (必不可少的 ), advisable (合适的 ), preferable (更可取的 ), better (更好的)*, imperative (急需的), essential ( 本质的), * probable (很可能的 ), possible (可能的 ), * desirable (极好的 ), advisable(合理的)，compulsory(必须的 ), crucial(紧急的), desirable(理想的), imperative(迫切的), incredible(惊人的 )，necessary( 必要的 ), possible(可能的 ), strange( 奇怪的 ), urgent(紧迫的 )。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思常用的过去分词 (Past Participle): * required (需要的), demanded ( 要求), requested ( 被请求的 ), desired (要求)* suggested ( 建议), recommended ( 推荐)* orderd (命令) 例：It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules. It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once. It is recommended that the meeting (should) be postponed till next Monday. 2. 在 It is +名词+that的主语从句中的虚拟语气在 It is +名词+that 的主语从句中常用虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、请求、道歉、怀疑、惊奇等。这类名词有： advice, decision, desire, demand, idea, motion, order, pity, preference, proposal, resolution recommendation, requirement, shame, suggestion, surprise, wish, wonder等。例：It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad. 我建议派他去国外进一步学习。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思It is his suggestion that you (should) go to America. 他建议你去美国。【考查点 2】虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用1. 在某些动词后的宾语从句中: 表示命令 , 要求, 建议, 形式为 should be 型或 be 型。常见动词： ask, decide, demand, desire, insist, move, order, prefer, propose, request, require, suggest, urge等. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思例：he pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. 他费了几天功夫寻找理论根据，直到我建议拆开看看它是如何转动的。2. 在以 it 为形式宾语的复合宾语从句中: 表示要求 , 建议等 ,谓语动词为 should be 型或 be 型。例: I think it advisable (明智的 ) that he (should) have his car serviced. We consider it imperative (必须的 ) that a meeting (should) be held immediately. 常在主句中作宾语补语的adj., 与主语从句中使用虚拟语气主句中的adj.相同. 3.在 would rather / had rather 后的宾语从句中 : 谓语动词用过去时， be动词用 were。例：I would / had rather you came tomorrow (than) today. 4. 在动词 wish的宾语从句中 :表示与现在或过去的事实相反, 或对于将来的主观愿望 ,从句通常省略 that. 1) 表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句用一般过去时，be动词用 were。例：I wish I knew his address. (= I am s orry I dont know his address.) I wish it were summer now. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思2) 表示对过去情况的虚拟 : 从句用 had done型虚拟形式。例: I wished I hadnt spent so much money. = (I was sorry I had spent so much money.) They wish they had not lost the chance. 3) 表示对将来的主观愿望 : 从句用 would/could +动词原形。例：I wish it would stop raining. 【考查点 3】在表语从句中的用法虚拟语气在表语从句中的用法主要有两种情况: 1. 从句以 that 引导, 主句的主语为表示命令 , 建议,计划等的名词 , 从句的谓语为 should be 型或 be 型虚拟形式。常用作主句主语的名词有 : aim, advice, demand, desire, idea, order, plan, recommendation, requirement, 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思suggestion, wish等。例：The doctor s advice is that the patient (should) be kept quiet.Our suggestion is that you (should) be the first to go. 2. 从句以 as if / as though 引导, 主句的谓语动词为连系动词: 1)表示从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生，从句用一般过去时。例：You look as if you had a toothache. She looked as though she were fainting. 2) 表示从句的动作先于主句的动作的发生，从句用had done型虚拟形式。例：He looks as if he had been ill. 以 as if / as though 引导的从句如果不是表示虚拟, 而是表示可能的事实 , 则从句中的谓语动词要用陈述语气. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思【考查点 4】在同位语从句中的用法在表示命令 , 建议, 计划等的名词后同位语从句中,谓语动词用 should be 型或 be 型。常用与从句同位的名词有 : aim, demand, desire, idea, order, plan, recommendation, regulation, requirement, suggestion, wish 等。例：The suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering. Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思知识点 2：虚拟语气用于定语从句中这种从句常用于句型 “It is (high)time (that) ” 中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be 用 were)或should +动词原形，意思是 “(现在)该” 。例：It s time that I picked up my daughter.It s high time we were going.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思知识点 3：在状语从句中的用法【考查点 1】在让步状语从句中的用法1) 从句由 even if / even though 引导（主句和从句都用虚拟语气，形式与条件句相同）与现在或将来事实相反：从句为一般过去时, 主句为 should / would +动词原形与过去事实相反：从句用had done, 主句用 should / would have done型。例：Even if my mother were here, I should say the same thing. Even though it had been a rainy day, I should have gone to see him. 2) 当从句用 though / although 引导精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思从句用一般过去时或should+动词原形 , 主句可用陈述语气。例：This gave me some faint hopes of relief, although I were not able to imagine how it could be brought out. Though the whole world should condemn him, I will still believe in him. 【考查点 2】在方式状语从句中的用法1) 表示从句与主句的动作同时发生,从句用一般过去时， be动词用 were 例：He treats me as if I were a stranger. Charles laughed, as though that were a joke. 2) 表示从句的动作先于主句的动作发生,从句用 had done 例：Why is she looking at me as though she had seen me before? 如果不是表示虚拟 , 而是表示可能的事实 , 则方式状语从句中的谓语动词要用陈述语气. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思【考查点 3】在目的状语从句中的用法1) 从句以 in order that或 so that 引导, 动词用 should be 型虚拟形式例：They are climbing higher so that / in order that they should / might / could get a better view. She averted her face so that / in order that the child should / might not see her tears. 2) 从句以 in case, for fear (that), lest 引导, 表示否定目的 , 动词用 (should) be型虚拟形式例：He took an umbrella with him in case / for fear / lest he (should) be caught in the rain. She hurried on, in case / for fear / lest Jack (should) meet her again. 以 in case 引导的从句还常用陈述语气; 以 for fear (that) 引导的从句谓语还可用情态动词may, might 和would. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思四、例题精析【例题 1】It is necessary that he_ there in time. A. is B. was C. were D. be 【答案】 D 【解析】 本题考查虚拟语气在主要从句中的应用。It is strange / necessary/ natural/ desirable/ advisable that + (should) +动词原形的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 16 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思【例题 2】I wish I_ you yesterday. A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see 【答案】 C【解析】 本题考查虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用。wish 后接虚拟浯气的从句，若表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语用过去式；若表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语用过去完成式；若表示与将来事实相反的愿望，谓语用 would+动词原形。通过此句中的yesterday可知是表示与过去事实相反的愿望，所以答案为 C。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 17 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思【例题 3】When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_ A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 【答案】 C【解析】本题考查虚拟语气在表语从句中的运用。从句以 as if / as though 引导, 主句的谓语动词为连系动词，当从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生，从句用were型虚拟形式，所以答案为C。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 18 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思五、课堂运用【基础】1. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been 【答案】 D 【解析】 从句子中时态 talked可知 as if引导的从句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以从句要用 had done, 因此答案为 D。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 19 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思2. The teacher demanded that the exam_ before eleven. A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished 【答案】 C 【解析】在表示请求、命令、建议、要求的词后的宾语从句中应使用(should)+动词原形的虚拟语气形式。故选 C 项。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 20 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思3. I d rather he_ here. A. come B. comes C. came D. will come 【答案】 C【解析】 would rather后接从句，从句应用虚拟语气，谓语常用过去式。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 21 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思【巩固】4. Now, then, children, it is time you_. A. washed and dress B. are washed and dressed C. will wash and dress D. were washed and dressed 【答案】 D 【解析】 句意为:“孩子们 , 现在该是你们洗刷和穿衣服的时候了。”it is time that 从句中多用一般过去时态来表示虚拟语气 ;wash和 dress都是及物动词 ,其后没有宾语 ,故用被动语态。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 22 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思5. They suggested that the library _open during the vacation. A. was kept B. would be kept C. is kept D. be kept 【答案】 D 【解析】 句意为“他们建议图书馆应该在假期时继续开放”。suggest 表示“ 建议” 时，后面的宾语从句中通常用 “should+ 动词原形 ” ，其中 should可以省略。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 23 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思6. I d rather_ rudely to her yesterday. A. you not speak B. your not speaking C. you didnt speak D. you hadn t spoken 【答案】 D 【解析】 句意为 :我真希望昨天你对她讲话没有那么粗鲁。would rather 后也可跟从句 , 表示主语“宁愿”, 这时, 从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气, 与过去情况相反要用过去完成时。【拔高】精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 24 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思7. Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _at the age of six months old. A. was B. be C. were D. is 【答案】 B 【解析】 题干关键词为recommend ，表示“推荐，建议”，后接宾语从句时应用（should+）动词原形的虚拟语气，此处省去了should，故选择 B。8. It s strange that they nothing about this matter. A. know B. would know C. knows D. knew 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 25 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思【答案】 A 【解析】 在 It s importantsurprisingdesirablestrangenecessary no wondera pitya shame that 从句中，从句谓语动词用（should）do。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 26 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思9. He had an expression of resentment（不高兴） , as if Martina fool of him. A. had made B. makes C. made D. would make 【答案】 A 【解析】 该题中 as if 引导的从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用had done 。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 27 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思课程小结本节课主要讲解了虚拟语气（二） ，主要讲解了虚拟语气在名词性/定语/状语从句中的应用。同学在学习此类虚拟语气时，一定要先记住虚拟语气在每种从句中的句型结构，然后根据具体语境灵活运用。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 28 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思课后作业【基础】We all agreed to her suggestion that we to the Great Wall for sightseeing( 观光 ). A. will go B. go C. shall go D. should have gone 【答案】 B 【解析】 在 advice, demand, idea, order, plan, suggestion 等名词后的同位语从句或表语从句中要用虚拟语气，其谓语形式为 “ (should)do” 。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 29 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思2. The chairman requested that . A. the members studied the problem more carefully B. the problems were more carefully studied C. the problems could be studied with more care D. the members study the problem more carefully 【答案】 D 【解析】 在 suggest, demand, request ，require(要求)，order(命令), insist（坚持） , advise（劝告）等动词之后的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用(should) do，同时还应注意语态。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 30 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思3. It is surprising that he at the meeting. A. was B. be C. is D. were 【答案】 B 【解析】在 It s importantsurprisingdesirablestrangenecessary no wondera pitya shame that 从句中，从句谓语动词用（should）do。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 31 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思【巩固】4. I wish you go with me tomorrow. A. will B. would C. shall D. can 【答案】 B 【解析】 wish 后接从句，如果从句指将来的愿望，谓语动词用wouldcoulddo。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 32 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思5. It s high time weto the theater. A. will B. shall C. are going to D. went 【答案】 D 【解析】 It s(highabout) time that从句的谓语动词多用过去式, 有时也可用 should do。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 33 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思6. Hes working hard for fear that he _. A. should fall behind B. fell behind C. may fall behind D. would fallen behind 【答案】 A 【解析】 for fear that 后面的状语从句用sb. should do的形式。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 34 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思【拔高】7. Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel. Ais Bwere Chas been Dhad been 【答案】 B 【解析】句意为：不要对待那个花瓶像它是由钢制成似的。as if 条件句用虚拟语气表示与现在的事实相反,用一般过去时， be动词用 were。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 35 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思8. Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he _ something instead of just talking. Awill do Bhas done Cdo Ddid 【答案】 D 【解析】 句意为：杰克是个空谈家。到了他做点事而不是夸夸其谈的时候了。it is high time 从句中要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词多用一般过去时，或是should动词原形， should不能省略。故只有D 项正确。9. Im going to Tibet for some days. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 36 页，共 37 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思Really? How I wish I _ get away for a while. Amust Bshall Ccould Dneed 【答案】 C【解析】 I wish 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 37 页，共 37 页