1 现在完成时的讲解和练习题一、构成： 主语 + have/has + 过去分 词+其他否定式 :主语 + havent/hasnt + 过去分 词 + 其他。疑 问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分 词 + 其他 ? 简略答 语: (肯定 )Yes, 主语 + have/has. (否定 )No, 主语 + havent/hasnt. 二、用法： 现在完成时既涉及过去，又联系现在（一） 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态常与 just （刚刚）， already （已经）， never （从来没有），ever（曾经）， before （以前）， yet（仍然，还）， once（一次）， twice （两次）， many times （很多次），how many times （多少次），so far（迄今为止）， up to now ,till now 等时间状语连用。如：副词的位置：just 常用于肯定句中，放在have / has后， He has just come . never 表示否定 ,放在 have / has后, He has never visited the Great Wall. ever用于疑问句中,句型为 : Have / Has主语 ever 过去分词？ “ 曾经 过吗？ ” 用于询问某人过去的经历。Have you ever been to the farm？before 用于句末，The woman has never heard of that before. yet 用于句末或not 之后 . Has the train arrived yet? No, not yet.already 用于肯定句 , have / has之后或句末 .We have already finished it. so far 用于句首或句末. So far, we have visited the moon. （二）：表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语有：for表示一段时间的词语I have taught English for 19 years 。since表示过去时间点的词语He has been at this school since 1986. since表示过去的时间状语从句I have lived here since I was born.since一段时间 ago. I have known him since 20 years ago.三、现在完成时态中可以和表示一段时间状语（for ，since，how long, all ones life）连用的动词必须用延续性动词 （肯定句）。如：be，have，know，live，work ，study，learn，teach，keep，speak，talk，draw，wait，wear，walk，sleep，drive，write ，do，clean 等。 非延续性动词，又叫瞬间动词，短暂性动词如 begin, start, die, buy, leave, come等，表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成，不能再延续，所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用Eg. I have been a teacher for nearly 20 years . How long has he lived here? He has died. 常见终止性动词和延续性动词的相应转换形式如下: 1、borrow / lend keep, 2、 buy have, 3、finish / end be over, 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 5 页2 4、begin / start be on 5、open be open 6、 close be closed, 7、die be dead8、arrive /come / go / move / reach /get to be in /at / be here /be there,9、leave be away （from）10、go to school be in school / be a student, 11、get up be up, 12、fall asleep be asleep 13、fall ill be ill 14、get to know know, 15、lose be lost 16、become be 17、 begin to study study,18、return / come back / get back be back 19、join be in / be a member,20、join the army be in the army /be a soldier 21、receive / get a letter have a letter 22、 catch / get a cold have a coldEg. 他参军已有三年.He has joined the army for three years. （错）改为 : He has been in the army for three years / since three years ago. He has been a soldier for three years / since three years ago. 四、现在完成时中应注意的几个问题1. have been to 和 have gone to 的区别have been to 强调 “ 曾经去过 ” ，现已不在那里，已经回来了have gone to 主要强调的是 “ 去了 ” ，可能在去的途中，或在去的目的地。2. have been to 和 have been in 的区别have been to 强调人 “ 已回到原地 ” ，后面可接表示“ 次数 ” 的状语。have been in 表示某人 “ 已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里” ，其后常带表示一段时间的状语五现在完成时与一般过去时的区别一般过去时1 表示过去某个时间存在的状态或发生的动作。2 常用的时间状语：yesterday（昨天） , last week（上周） , ago（ 以前） , just now（刚才） , Once upon a time （从前） , in 2010 （在 2010 年）现在完成时1.表示从过去继续到现在的动作或状态2.表示过去某时到现在的经验3.表示现在刚完成的动作4.表示现在是“ 做了 ” 的结果5.有过去时间就不能用现在完成时练习题：I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form. 1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 5 页3 2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet. 3. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 4. Where s Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teacher s office.5. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999. 6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here. 7. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks. 8. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 9. He _ (go) to school on foot every day. 10._ you _ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it _ (be) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you. 12. The students _ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey _ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. Ive lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere? II. Choose the best answer. ( )1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _what happened to him . knew . have known . must know .will know ( )2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still ( )3、Have you met Mr Li _ ？. just . ago .before . a moment ago ( )4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written ( )5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better ( )6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying ( )7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew ( )8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see ( )9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone ( )10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish ( )11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . . joined . has joined . was in . has been in ( ) 12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 5 页4 . were . have been . have become . have made ( )13、How long have you _ here ? About two months . . been . gone . come . arrived ( ) 14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on . began ( )15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . . is . has . will . was ( )16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . .has gone . went .will go . has been ( )17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been ( )18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. don t they C. have they D. haven t they ( )19、has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived ( )20、 His uncle for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university ( )21. How long have you _ here? A. come B. got C. arrived D. been ( )22. My grandpa died _. A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6. ( )23. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow. A. been B. gone C. went D. never been ( )24. It is ten years _ I last saw her. A. after B. since C. for D. that ( )25.-Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? -I will. I _ her several times. A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet ( )26. -What a nice dress! How long _ you _ it? -Just 2 weeks. A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had ( )27.-Do you know Lydia very well? -Yes, She and I _ friends since we were very young. A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned ( )28. The Smiths _ in China for 8 years. A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live ( )29. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?- Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park. A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to ( )30. -_ you ever _ to the US? - Yes, twice. A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going III. Rewrite the sentences. 1. I have been to Macau before. ( 改为否定句 ) I _ _ been to Macau before. 2. He hasn t come to school because he was ill. (就划线部分提问) _ _ he come to school? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 5 页5 3. I bought a new bike just now. ( 用 just 改写 ) I _ just _ a new bike. 4. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句 ) We _ _English _three years 5. He has never surfed, _ _? （改成反意疑问句）6. They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) _ _have they been here? 7. The old man _ last year. He has _ _for a year. (die) （动词填空）8. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换 )Miss Gao has _ _ _ an hour ago. 四、用 have / has been to / in, have gone to 及 go 的各种形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He _ his country. 2) David _ the park just now. 3) John _ England since he came back. 4) How long _ they _ this village? 5) The Smiths _ Beijing for years. 6) _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times. 7) I _ this school since three years ago. 8) Where is Jim? He _ the farm. 9) When_ he _? He _ an hour ago. 10) Would you like to _ to the zoo with me? -Yes, but I _ there before. 11) Where _ you _ now? - I _ to the zoo. 12) He often _ swimming. 13) _ you _ there last year? 14) _ they often _ skating in winter? 五、用 never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since 填空1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him. 2. Jack has _ finished his homework. 3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years. 4. “ Have you _ seen the film?” “ No, I have _ seen it.”5. “ Has the bus left _?” “ Yes, it has _ left.”精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 5 页