被动语态被动语态1.1.被动语态的用法被动语态的用法2.2.如何将主动语态变成被动语态如何将主动语态变成被动语态中考考什么？中考考什么？英语的两大语态：英语的两大语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态和被动语态A.A.主动语态中主语是谓语动词的主动语态中主语是谓语动词的发出者发出者。宾。宾语是谓语动词的对象。语是谓语动词的对象。B.B.被动语态中主语是谓语动词的被动语态中主语是谓语动词的承受者承受者( (动作动作的对象的对象) )。被动语态的谓语构成被动语态的谓语构成: :助动词助动词bebe动词过去分词动词过去分词什么时候要用被动语态呢？什么时候要用被动语态呢？在下列三种情况之一要用被动语态：在下列三种情况之一要用被动语态：不知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语不知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语态。态。没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用被动语态。被动语态。需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态态主动语态和被动语态结构的转换：主动语态和被动语态结构的转换： We clean our classroom every day.Our classroomis cleaned主语主语 谓语谓语宾语宾语by usevery day即即:、主变宾、宾变主、主变宾、宾变主,谓语动词变被动。谓语动词变被动。”(注注:主变宾即主语变为介词主变宾即主语变为介词by宾语宾语)注意把主动语态改为被动语态时，把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的句子的时态时态不能变。且不能变。且bebe动词和新主动词和新主语保持一致语保持一致。如上例，所给的主动句。如上例，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，也要用一般现在时。也要用一般现在时。如果主动句中的主语是人称代如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词词，改为被动句时作介词 byby的宾语，的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中的主语要用宾格。如上例中的主语wewe改为改为usus。归纳总结方法归纳总结方法 主动语态改为被动语态可主动语态改为被动语态可 来进行。即：来进行。即：变变把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主动语态的主语改为被动语态的介词把主动语态的主语改为被动语态的介词by的宾的宾语。语。套套根据原句的时态套用相应时态。根据原句的时态套用相应时态。注意注意注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。 例：例：Many people speak English. English by many people. is spoken 一变一变 二套二套 三注意三注意各种时态被动语态谓语结构对照表各种时态被动语态谓语结构对照表时时 态态被动语态被动语态1一般现在时一般现在时am/is/are+过去分词过去分词2一般过去时一般过去时was/were+过去分词过去分词3一般将来时一般将来时 will/be going to+be+过去分过去分词词4过去将来时过去将来时would+be+过去分词过去分词6过去进行时过去进行时was/were+being+过去分过去分词词7现在完成时现在完成时have/has+been+过去分词过去分词8过去完成时过去完成时had+been+过去分词过去分词9含情态动词含情态动词情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词过去分词在被动语态中要注意的问题在被动语态中要注意的问题一些使役动词一些使役动词(let, have, make等等)或感官或感官动词动词(see, hear，watch, notice等等)真奇怪。真奇怪。主动语态后主动语态后_，被动语态被动语态_。 A.The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day. The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss.B.I saw him enter the house. He was seen to enter the house by me.不带 toto回来 C. We hear her sing in the room every day.She_ in the room every day.注意注意当使用当使用see/hear/watch sb doing sth时时，变为被动语态时，变为被动语态时， doing保持不变。如：保持不变。如： I saw him going into the shop.(主动主动) He was seen _ into the shop.(被动被动) is heard to singgoing实义动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表实义动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表主动语态被动语态使役动词make sb do sthSb. be made to do sthHave/let sb. do sth.Sb. Be have/let to do sth.感观动词see sb do sthSb. be seen to do sthwatch/hear/notice sb do sthSb. be watched/heard/noticed to do sth 把下列主动句改为被动句把下列主动句改为被动句 Lily writes many letters every day. They visited this farm last year. Many lettersare written by Lily every day.This farmwas visited by them last year.1. The boy cleaned the desk a moment ago. The desk_ by the boy a moment ago. 2. We will plant 2000 trees next year. 2000 trees_ by us next year.把下列句子变成被动语态把下列句子变成被动语态was cleanedwill be planted3. You must keep the room clean and tidy. The room _ clean and tidy by you.4. The police have caught the thief. The thief _ by the police.must be kepthas been caught