Unit 1 Great scientistsReadingPre-reading 1.What impresses you most in 2003?2003 SARSWhich person impresses you most during the SARS?钟南山钟南山What other infectious diseases do you know?For example: When you eat some food that is not freshYou may feelMaybe you have got _.Choleradraw a conclusionthink of a methodcollect resultsmake a questionfind a problemanalyse the resultsfind supporting evidencefind a problemmake a questionthink of a methodcollect resultsanalyse the resultsdraw a conclusionHow to prove a new idea in scientific research?find supporting evidenceJohn Snow defeats “King cholera”John Snow defeats “king cholera”What can you learn from the title?人物：人物：defeats cholera 事件：事件：Who is John Snow?What happened to them? attended her as her personal physicianQueen VictoriaJohn Snow 约翰约翰.斯诺斯诺(1813 1858), 英国麻醉学家、英国麻醉学家、流行病专家。他首次提出了流行病专家。他首次提出了预防霍乱的措施。预防霍乱的措施。1854年年, 伦敦霍乱流行伦敦霍乱流行, 斯诺通过研究斯诺通过研究霍乱病死者的日常生活情况霍乱病死者的日常生活情况, 寻找到他们的共同行为模式寻找到他们的共同行为模式,发现了霍乱与饮用不洁水的发现了霍乱与饮用不洁水的关系关系, 由于及时切断了二者由于及时切断了二者的联系的联系, 有效制止了霍乱的有效制止了霍乱的流行。流行。Four outbreaks of cholera in the 1830s and 1840s killed many people in England. In 1854, “the most terrible outbreak of cholera which ever occurred in the kingdom” began. It was so violent and sudden that 127 people died in the first three days.The terrible choleraBacteria/germs of cholera Name of illness cholera (霍乱霍乱) Symptom(症状症状)severe vomiting (呕吐呕吐) and diarrhoea (腹泻腹泻) Aftereffect (后果后果)die quickly from a loss of liquidWhat was the cause of this illness? How did John Snow find it out?Skim the text and find the main idea of the text. The passage is mainly about: _ How John Snow found the cause of the cholera and defeated it. Fastreading:Read the passage quickly and find the number below and the relevant happenings in the passage.Fastreading:Two theoriesIn 1854500 , 10The first suggested thatmultiplied in the air; The second suggestedabsorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.Another outbreak hit London.More than 500 people had died in 10 days.16, 37, 38 and 4020, 21; 8, 97These numbers in Broad Street near the water pump had many of the deaths20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street had no deaths.They didnt drink the water from the Broad Street pump.These families worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.16372089pump3840BROAD STREETCAMBRIDGE STREET21John Snows Cholera Map7PubWhat is the problem?The cholera was the most deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood.What caused cholera?Find a problemMake a question: Which theory to believe in? Cholera multiplied in the air without reason. A cloud of dangerous gas would float around until it found its victims.People absorbed it with their meals.Which one do you believe more?What about John Snow?A map of Broad StreetWhat method did he use?Broad StreetMany deaths happened here.No death happened here.It seemed the water from the pump was to blame. What did he do next?Public house(Para 6) What was another supporting evidence? (Para 5) He looked into the source of the waterJohn Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.A woman and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water delivered from the pump in Broad Street.Read the passage and number these events in the order that they happened.John Snow began to test two theories.An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854.He announced that the water carried the disease.John Snow marked the deaths on a map. 2147Carefulreading:King Cholera was defeated.He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump.He had the handle removed from the water pump.John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe.3856Para-graphStages in an experimentExample in this investigation1Find a problem2Make a question3Think of a methodWhat caused cholera?Which theory is correct?Collect data on those who were ill or died and where they got their water.Fill in the blanks. 4Collect results5Analyse results6find supporting evidence7Draw a conclusionMark information on a map to find out where people died or did not die.Analyse the water to see if that is the cause of the illness.Find other evidence to support the analysis.The water is to blame. The source of all drinking water should be examined so that it is safe.draw a conclusionfind a problemmake a questionthink of a methodcollect resultsanalyse the resultsrepeat if necessaryMatch themPara 1Para 2Para 3Para 4Para 5Para 6Para 7Prevention of CholeraJohn Snow was a well-known _ in London in the _ century. He wanted to find the _ of cholera in order to _ it. In 1854 when a cholera _ out, he began to gather information.doctor19thcausedefeatbrokeHe _ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the _ died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the _ of all water supply be _ and new methods of _ with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.markedpumpsourceexamineddealingWhat should we pay attention to in our daily life in order not to get infected with cholera? Heat the food left overnightCook raw food thoroughlyWash hands oftenKeep away from flieschoose fresh sea foodKeep the kitchen cleanDispose rubbish properly.Drink boiled waterDiscussion1. Dont _ (暴露暴露) your skin to the sun for too long.2. _ you _ (既不既不也不也不) he is right.3. _ (每当每当)I meet him, I always think of the things having happened between us.4. _ (好像好像) she was lying.5. Who is _ (责备责备) for the mistake?6. It _ (暗示暗示) that it was going to rain.7. I suggested that he _ (戒烟戒烟) smoking.exposeNeither nor Every timeIt seemed thatto blame(should) give upsuggestedFill in the blanks.