1 情态动词一、考点、热点回顾【词汇辨析】1.sometimes/ some times/sometime/ some time: sometimes: “有时 ”=at times. He is sometimes late for school.some times: “几次 ” I have been to Nanjing some times. sometime: “某一时刻 ” I bought it sometime last spring.We ll meet again sometime next week. some time: “一段时间 ” We have to stay here for some time.2. many/ much/ a few/ a little/ few/ little (1)many 修饰可数名词，much 修饰不可数名词；都表示许多。例如：许多书许多牛奶(2)a few 和 a little 都表示 有一点儿 ，侧重于肯定，相当于some，但 a few 修饰可数名词，a little 修饰不可数名词，例如：He has a few friends in London. -Would you like some coffee? -Yes, just a little. (3)few 和 little 表示 几乎没有 ，侧重 否定 。few 后接可数名词，little 后接不可数名词。例如：He is a strange man. He has few words. Hurry up, there is little time left. 【固定搭配】加-ing be busy doing sth.忙于做 eg: Mother is busy cooking.look forward to + doing sth. 期待做 eg: Tom looks forward to seeing his father again.Thank you for (doing) sth. 为了 感谢你eg: Thank you for your help. have fun doing sth愉快地做某事eg: I had great fun playing in the water. =have a good time doing sth eg: I had a good time playing in the water. have problem/trouble/difficulty (in)doing sth.做某事有困难eg: I have difficulty finishing my homework in 2 hours. 【情态动词】又叫情态助动词。它们具有以下特点 ： 它们必须与其他动词连用，即：情态动词动词原形表示说话人对所述动作的看法，如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等。 绝大多数情态动词没有人称和数的变化，即第三人称单数不加-s （以 be 和 have 开头的情态动词短语除外）。 在意义上，情态动词具有“ 多义性 ” 。例： can 既可表示能力，又可表示可能、允许等意义。【情态动词的基本用法】1. can 的基本用法： 表示体力或智力上的能力，即“ 能够，会 ” ，可与 be able to 转换。例： He can speak English. = He is able to speak English. Can you play basketball? No, I cant. 如果表示 将来 具备的能力，要用will be able to。例： If I have a good sleep, I will be able to do the problem. 表示 许可 ，主要用于口语，书面语一般用may。例： Can we go home now, please? No, you cant. You can only smoke in this room. You cant keep the library books for more than a month. 表示 “ 可能 ” ，与 may 同义，但一般用在疑问句中。例： What can he possibly want? 在否定句中，否定形式can t 表示推测 “ 不大可能 ” 。例： Anybody can make mistakes. The news cant be true. 与第一、二人称连用时，还可以就可能的解决问题的方式或可能的行为提出建议 。在这里，也可用could 使语气婉转 。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 6 页2 例： Can / Could we meet again next week? 下周我们可以再见面吗？What shall we do? 我们怎么办呢？ We can / could try asking Lucy for help. 我们可以请露茜帮忙试试看。You can / could help me with the cooking. 你可以帮我做饭。2. may 的基本用法 : 表示 “ 许可 ” ，用 can 比较口语化。例： You may / can come if you wish. 如果你想来，你就来。You may not pick flowers in this park. 本公园内不许摘花。（may not 表示按规定不许可，如果用mustnt则表示说话人不许可。） May I smoke here? 我可以在这里抽烟吗？No, you mustn t. 不行。（ mustn t表示明确的禁止。） 肯定句中表示推测，“ 可能 ” 。例： It may rain tomorrow. 明天可能会下雨。The news may not be true. 这个消息可能不会是真的。注意：如果 在疑问句中表示“ 可能 ” ，通常用can。例： Can it be true? 那会是真的吗？Who can he be? 他究竟是谁呢？ 【注意】 ：May I/we ？Yes, you may./No, you mustn t. 3. must 的基本用法 : 表示 必须 ，强调说话人的主观意志。例： I must go now, or Ill be late.You must be here by ten o clock.【注意】：表示“ 必须 “ 时， must 的否定式为neednt ，或 don t have to ,而不是 mustnt。也就是： Must I/we do it now ？Yes, you must .No, you needn t/dont have to . 例： Must I go with them? No, you. 表示 推测 ，一般只用于 肯定陈述句 ,表示非常肯定。例： She didn t look at me. She must be angry. 她不朝我看，一定是生气了。He is good at English. He must know the word. 他英语好，准知道这个词。You must be Mr. Jones. 想必您就是琼斯先生吧。4. have to 的基本用法：have to 可视为情态动词，但它与其他情态动词在用法上稍有不同。其他情态动词没有人称和数的变化，而have to却有人称和数的变化，要视主语的不同而变化。例： I / You / We / They have to .He / She / It has to .You don t have to .Does she have to ?have to =have got to ，意思是 “ 必须，不得不” 。和 must 不同之处： must 强调主观需要have to 强调客观需要。例： Sorry, I have to leave now. 对不起，现在我得走了。I ve got to go to a meeting. 我得去参加一个会议。Will he have to work deep into the night? 他将不得不工作到深夜吗？5. need 的基本用法：need 的基本词义是 “ 需要 ” ，它既可作情态动词，又可作实义动词。 need 用作 情态动词 时，只用于否定句和疑问句。它只有一种形式，后接动词原形。例： I don t believe you need worry. 我相信你没有必要焦急。Need we go so soon? 我们需要这么早就去吗？ Yes, we must . / No, we needn t. 是的，必须。不，不必。So I needn t tell him, need I? 所以我不需要告诉他，对吧？请比较以下两句话的不同意思：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 6 页3 You needn t buy the coat. 你没有必要买那件外衣。（你还没买）You needn t have bought the coat. 你没有必要买这件外衣的。（而你却买了）【注意】 ：Need I/we ？Yes，you must ./No, you needn t/ dont have to . need 用作实义动词时，有时态、人称和数的变化。如果 人作主语 ，一般后接带to 的动词不定式。即need to do sth ；如果 物作主语 ，一般后用need to be done 或 need doing sth 。例如： I need to look up this word in the dictionary. My watch needs mending /to be mended . 我的手表需要修理了。We don t need to work today. (= We needn t work today.) Does he need to go right now? (= Need he go right now?) 6. had better的基本用法：had bette r 常略作 d better 。现代语法认为它是一个助动词，因为它后接不带to 的动词不定式。had better do sth意思是 “ 最好做某事；还是做某事比较好” 。例： You d better get some sleep. 你最好睡一会儿。You d better not do that again. 你最好别再做那件事。What had we better do now? 我们现在怎么做才好呢？Hadnt we better tell her the truth? 我们是否最好不告诉她真相? 【注意】： Youd better .表示劝告或委婉的命令，对长辈不宜使用。7. could, should, would, might表示推测：. must 多用于肯定句中表示把握性极大的推测,意思为 “ 一定、肯定 ” 。如: You have worked hard all day. You must be tired. 你已辛苦工作一整天了,一定累了。The book must be his. His name is on the cover. 这本书一定是他的,封面上写着他的名字。【注意】must 不表推测时 ,在肯定句中意思为“ 必须 (强调内在的职责) ”,在否定句 中意思为 “ 不许、禁止 ”,以它开头的疑问句否定回答常用neednt或 dont (doesn t) have to。如:We must obey the traffic rules. 我们必须遵守交通规则。Cars mustn t be parked here. 此处严禁停车。Must we hand in the papers this week? 我们必须本星期交论文吗? No, you needn t. 不,你们不必 (本星期交 )。. can / could 多用于 否定句、疑问句或感叹句 中表示 推测、怀疑 ,两者在时间上没有差别。用can 时不相信的程度更强一些 , cant常常译为 “ 不可能 ” 。如:The man under the tree cant be Tom . He s gone to England. 这个人不可能是Tom,他已经去英国了。Can it be true that he was fooled by a five-year-old boy? 他被一个五岁的孩子愚弄了,这能是真的吗? Could this be an excuse? 这会不会是个借口? How can you be so careless! 你怎么这样粗心! .may / might多用来表示 把握性不大的推测,意思为 “ 也许、可能 ”, might比 may 的把握性更小一些。may not 在否定句中常常译为“ 可能不 ” 。(注意区分 “ 不可能 ” 与“ 可能不 ” 在把握性大小上的差异。) 如:Mr. Wang may know Professor Lis telephone number.王先生也许知道李教授的电话号码。This might be the key Tom has been looking for. 这可能就是汤姆一直在找的钥匙。She may not be there today. 今天她可能不在那儿。二、典型例题【中考链接】（）1Who is the man over there? Is it Mr. Li? No, it _ be him. Mr. Li is much taller. A. mustnt B. may no C. can t D. needn t（）2Must I go with them tomorrow？ No，you _. A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. neednt D. cant （）3_ I take some photos in the hall? No, you _. A. Can, needntB. M ust, mustn t C. Could, won t D. May, mustnt（）4Dad, must I finish my homework today? No, you _. You may do it tomorrow. A. needn t B. mustn t C. don t D. won t（）5The lake is said to be dry. Is that true? It _.Look, some kids are swimming in it. A. must be true B. can t be trueC. may not be true （）6What is your mother going to do this Saturday? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 6 页4 I m not sure. She _ go to see my grandmother. A. can B. must C. may （）7Susan has bought a large house with a swimming pool. It _ be very expensive. I never even dream about it. A. must B. might C. can t D. shouldn t （）8Listen! Is Professor Johnson giving a report in the hall? No, it be him. He has gone to Japan. A. needn tB. may not C. mustn tD. can t（）9Let s go to the West Hill Park by taxi.Oh, it is not far away from here. We _take a taxi. A. couldn t B. mustn t C. needn t D. cant（）10Can you play the piano? Yes, I _. I often practice it on weekends. A. needn t B. need C. can t D. can 三、课后练习一、用 can, may, must, need, have to, had better 的适当形式填空：1. You _ return the library book on time. 2. I _ (not) find the way to the hospital. _ you show me the way? 3. _ I finish the work right now? No, you _ (not). You _ do it later. 4. He said he _ (not) come tonight. 5. Her mother was ill. She _ stay at home and look after her. 6. It s time for class. You _ stop playing football or you _be late for class.7. We _ start right now, or they would get there first. 8. The cloud is lifting, so it _ (not) be a rainy day tomorrow. 二、选择填空（）1.Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon? Yes, you _. A. must B. can C. may D. need （）2. Must I be in hospital for a week ， Doctor? No， you . You can go back home tomorrow.A.mustn tB. needn tC. must（）3. The desk is not dirty. You _clean it. A. mustn tB. shouldn tC. needn t C. cant（）4. May I watch TV for a while？ No, you _. You have to finish your homework first. A. shouldn t B. needn t C. mustn t D. won t（）5.Is Jessica giving us a speech this evening? No, it _be her. She_ to Japan. A. mustn t; has gone B. mustn t ;has beenC. can t ;has goneD. can t ;has been（）6. Its the library! So you_ know shouting is not allowed here.A. can B. must C. need D. may （）7. Boys and girls, dont forget your report . It _ today. A. can t finish B. can t be finishedC. should finish D. should be finished （）8.Mr Smith must have been to your home this morning. No, he _ ,because he didn t know my address.A. couldn tB. cantC. mustn tD. may not （）9. Must I mop up the window now? No, you_. A.needn tB. cantC. shouldn tD. mustn t（）10. Is Lucy knocking at the door? No. It _ be Lucy. She is in Japan now. A. needn t B. must C. can t（）11. Another cup of coffee? No, thanks. I _ be off. Mary is waiting for me. A. can B. may C. must D. might （）12. I m a little tired. Lets go to the zoo by taxi. We take a taxi. It s not far from here. A. can t B. mustn t C. couldn t D. needn t精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 6 页5 （）13. If the traffic light is red, you _ cross the road. Its very dangerous.A. don t B. mustn t C. needn t D. wouldnt（）14. Must I finish watering the flowers now? No, you_. A. must B. won t C. needn t D. can t（）15. I can t give up smoking, doctor. For your health, I m afraid you _.A. may B. can C. have to D. must （）16. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _ be rather cold sometimes. A. must B. can C. should D. would （）17. Our class won the English speaking contest. Congratulations! You _ be very proud of it. A. can B. need C. would D. must （）18. Excuse me, where are we going to have our class meeting? I m not sure. Ask our monitor, please. He know. A. can B. may C. need D. shall （）19. _I borrow these magazines? Sorry, only the magazines over there can be borrowed. A. Must B. Would C. May D. Need （）20. If the traffic light is red, you _ cross the road. Its dangerous.A. don t B. needn t C. mustn t D. wouldnt精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 6 页6 情态动词典型例题例 1 答案C 分析：表示否定的猜测用cant 。must 表示推测时，意为“ 一定 ” ，只能用于肯定句，而must的否定 must not（mustnt）表示 “ 不应该 ” 、“ 不许可 ” 、“ 不准 ” 、“ 禁止 ” 等。例 2 答案C 分析：在回答带有must 的问句时， 否定式常用need not (= neednt)， 表示 “ 不必 ” ， 而不用 must not，因为 must not 表示 “ 不可以 ” 。例 3 答案D 分析：本题第一句是请求对方的允许，需要用May，其否定式为mustnt。例 4 答案 A。对于以情态动词must 提问的疑问句，否定回答要用“No, 主语 +neednt ”，故由问句中的must 和答句中的 No 可选 A。例 5 答案 B 例 6 答案C 例 7 答案 A考查情态动词must 表示肯定的推测。 结合关键信息“I never even dream about it.”可知题意为 “ 它肯定是非常贵的” ，故排除 B、C、D 三项。例 8 选 D。本题考查 cant表示否定的推测。 四个选项都是情态动词的否定形式，分别意为 “ 不能；不可能 ” 、 “ 千万不能 ” 、“ 应该 ” 、“ 可以；可能 ” 。结合关键信息“He has gone to Japan.”可知 “ 他不可能是约翰教授” 应选 D。例 9 选 C 例 10 选 D。以 can 引导的一般疑问句再作肯定回答时还是用can。课后练习一、 1. must 2. can t, Could3. Must, neednt, may 4. couldn t5. had to 6. must, may 7. had better 8. can t二、1A2B3C4 选 C。对于情态动词may 的一般疑问句的肯定回答为：Yes，you may / can . 否定回答为： No, you mustn t.5C6B7D8A9A 10 选 C。考查情态动词cant表示推测的用法。cant表示否定的推测；must 表示肯定的推测。由题意“ 不可能是露西，她现在在日本” 可知应选C。11 选 C。考查情态动词must 的用法。 结合关键信息“ Mary is waiting for me.”可知题意为 “ 我必须离开了” ，故排除 A、B、D 三项，选C。12 选 D。四个选项都是情态动词的否定式，结合关键信息“ It s not far from here.”可知 “ 我们不必乘出租车” ，故排除 A、B、C 三项，选D。13 选 B。考查情态动词mustn t的用法。 mustn t意为 “ 一定不能 ” ，由 “ 很危险 ” 可知用 mustn t，故选 B。14 选 C。 考查对 must 开头的一般疑问句的回答。以 must 开头的一般疑问句， 作否定回答时用情态动词needn t，故正确答案为C。15 选 C。考查情态动词have to 的用法。 may 意为 “ 可能、或许 ” ，can 意为 “ 能、会 ” ，have to 意为 “ 必须、不得不” ，表客观要求，而must 表主观愿望。根据题意“ 为了健康，你必须戒烟” 可选 C。16 选 B17 选 D 18选B。 考查情态动词may表示推测。结合前句 “ I m not sure. Ask our monitor, please.”可知题意为 “ 他可能知道（我们将在哪里开班会）” ，故选 B。may表示可能性的推测，常用在肯定句中。19 选 C 20 选 C 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 6 页