第12课时八年级下册Units 78考点一考点一 have been to的用法的用法【课文原句课文原句】 Jenny and I have been to China twice.詹妮和我去过中国两次。詹妮和我去过中国两次。(八下八下P98)【辨析辨析】 have been to，have been in与与have gone to词汇用法用法例句例句have been to意意为“曾曾经去去过某某地地”，现在已不在在已不在那里了那里了My father has been to Beijing twice.我父我父亲去去过北京两次。北京两次。have been in表示表示“在某地待了在某地待了多多长时间”，常与，常与表示表示时间段的状段的状语连用用I have been in Shanghai for three years.我在上海已有我在上海已有三年了。三年了。have gone to意意为“到某地去到某地去”，说话时该人不人不在在现场Mr Wang isnt here. He has gone to Paris.王先生不在王先生不在这里。他去了巴黎。里。他去了巴黎。 单项选择单项选择1(2018贵州安顺中考贵州安顺中考)Andy, with his parents, _Hong Kong, and some shopping _by them.Ahave gone to; will doBhas gone to; will be doneChave been to; will doDhave been to；do B 2Hello! Could I speak to Lily?Sorry, she is not in. She _ Shanghai.Ahave been to Bhave gone toChas gone to Dhas been to3Tony _Nanjing and he will be back soon.Ahave been to Bhas been toChave gone to Dhas gone to C D 考点二考点二 分数的表达方式分数的表达方式【课文原句课文原句】 We cant live in water, and only about one third of our planet is land.我们不能住在水里，而且我们星我们不能住在水里，而且我们星球只有大约三分之一的陆地。球只有大约三分之一的陆地。(八下八下P100)分数的表达应用基数词作分子，序数词作分母。分子大于分数的表达应用基数词作分子，序数词作分母。分子大于1时，作分母的序数词用复数。时，作分母的序数词用复数。1/3 one third2/5 two fifths1/2 a half 1/4 a quarter分数作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由分数指代的名词的数分数作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由分数指代的名词的数决定。决定。Two thirds of the children are from Canada.这些孩子有三分这些孩子有三分之二来自加拿大。之二来自加拿大。单项选择单项选择4(2018广东中考广东中考) According to a survey, four out of five women do housework at home, but only _ of men would do it.Afour fifth Bfour fifthsCtwo fifth Dtwo fifths D 5(2018湖北黄石大冶二模湖北黄石大冶二模)Two _ of the doctors in this hospital _ women.Athird; are Bthird; isCthirds; are Dthirds; is C 6_ of the students in our school are boys.AOne third BTwo third CTwo three DOne thirds A 考点三考点三 cover的用法的用法【课文原句课文原句】 Antarctica is covered with snow and ice all year round.南极洲常年被冰雪覆盖。南极洲常年被冰雪覆盖。(八下八下P100)cover作动词，意为作动词，意为“覆盖覆盖”。其常用短语为。其常用短语为be covered with，意为，意为“被被覆盖覆盖”。主动语态为。主动语态为coverwith，意为意为“用用把把盖住盖住”。The floor is covered with some newspaper.地板被一些报纸地板被一些报纸覆盖着。覆盖着。cover还可作名词，意为还可作名词，意为“盖子；封面盖子；封面”。Her face was on the cover of every magazine.各种杂志的封面各种杂志的封面都有她的头像。都有她的头像。单项选择单项选择7The hill is _ with snow.Acover Bcovered Ccovering Dcovers B 考点四考点四 be known for的用法的用法【课文原句课文原句】 My people are known for our fun dances and colourful culture.我的同胞因为有趣的舞蹈和多彩的文化而我的同胞因为有趣的舞蹈和多彩的文化而众所周知。众所周知。(八下八下P106)be known for意为意为“因因而著名而著名”，相当于，相当于be famous for。【辨析辨析】 be known for, be known as与与be known tobe known for意为意为“因因而著名而著名”；be known as意为意为“被称被称作；被认为作；被认为”；be known to意为意为“为为所知所知”。These chocolate bars are known as something else in the US, but I cant remember what. 这种巧克力棒在美国有别的叫法，这种巧克力棒在美国有别的叫法，但我记不起来叫什么了。但我记不起来叫什么了。He was known for his frankness.他以坦率而著称。他以坦率而著称。He is known to the police because of his previous criminal record. 他因以前的犯罪记录而为警察所知。他因以前的犯罪记录而为警察所知。单项选择单项选择8Egypt _ the ancient pyramids.Ais known for Bis known as Cis pride as Dis know of A 考点五考点五 “the序数词最高级序数词最高级”的用法的用法【课文原句课文原句】 Most speak English or French, but the third most common language is Chinese！大部分人讲英语或法！大部分人讲英语或法语，但是第三种最常见的语言是汉语！语，但是第三种最常见的语言是汉语！(八下八下P108)“the序数词最高级序数词最高级”表示表示“第几个最第几个最的的”。Our team was the third best in the city. 我们队在全市是第三我们队在全市是第三个最好的队。个最好的队。The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是黄河是中国第二长河。中国第二长河。She is the second thinnest student in our class.她是我们班第她是我们班第二瘦的学生。二瘦的学生。单项选择单项选择9Li Ming is _ boy in our school.Athe two tallest Bthe second tall Cthe second tallest Dsecond tallest C 考点六考点六 pick up的用法的用法【课文原句课文原句】 We should pick up the garbage！我们应该！我们应该把垃圾拣起来！把垃圾拣起来！(八下八下P114)(1)该句中该句中pick up意为意为“接听；收听到接听；收听到”。注意代词作宾语。注意代词作宾语时，必须放在时，必须放在pick up中间。中间。I managed to pick up an American news broadcast.我设法我设法收听到一个美国的新闻广播节目。收听到一个美国的新闻广播节目。(2)pick up的其他含义的其他含义pick up意为意为“拾起；捡起；拿起拾起；捡起；拿起”。He picked up the dictionary and began to look up the new words.他拿起词典开始查新单词。他拿起词典开始查新单词。pick up意为意为“中途搭载乘客；接人中途搭载乘客；接人”。The car stopped to pick me up.汽车停下来接我。汽车停下来接我。单项选择单项选择10(2018河北中考河北中考)Can you help me _ the pen? Its under the chair.Aask for Blook forCpick up Dput up C 11The workers in the Huashan Mountains have to _ rubbish to keep the mountains clean.Aturn up Bpick upCmix up Dgive up B 考点七考点七 辨析辨析a little，a bit与与a bit of 【课文原句课文原句】 Each student could clean up a bit of the schoolyard.每个学生都清扫校园的一点儿。每个学生都清扫校园的一点儿。(八下八下P114)(1)“a bit of名词名词”意为意为“一点儿一点儿”。a little“一点儿；一点儿；少量少量”，可修饰形容词、副词及其比较级。，可修饰形容词、副词及其比较级。Its a little colder today than it was yesterday.今天比昨天稍今天比昨天稍冷一点。冷一点。(2)a little, a bit用在比较级前，表示用在比较级前，表示“一点儿一点儿”；much, far, a lot用在比较级前表示用在比较级前表示“得多得多”。There are far more people than we expected.人比我们预计的人比我们预计的多得多。多得多。(3)【辨析辨析】 a little, little, a few与与few词语含含义用法用法a little一点儿；一点儿；少量少量修修饰不可数名不可数名词，表，表示肯定意示肯定意义little几乎没有几乎没有修修饰不可数名不可数名词，表，表示否定意示否定意义a few一些一些修修饰可数名可数名词复数，复数，表示肯定意表示肯定意义few几乎没有几乎没有修修饰可数名可数名词复数，复数，表示否定意表示否定意义quite a few 相当多相当多There are only a few books on the table, but I still have quite a few in the bookcase.虽然桌子上只有几本书，但我的书柜里虽然桌子上只有几本书，但我的书柜里还有很多书。还有很多书。(4)【拓展拓展】 not a bitnot at all，意为，意为“一点儿也不一点儿也不”，而，而not a littlevery much，意为，意为“非常非常”。Im not a bit hungry tonight.今晚我一点儿也不饿。今晚我一点儿也不饿。He spent not a little on clothes.他买衣服花费了很多钱。他买衣服花费了很多钱。单项选择单项选择12(2018云南个旧一模云南个旧一模)Hurry up, my son！The bus is coming. We have _ time left.Aa little Ba fewCfew Dlittle D 13We only have _ time. So we should walk _ faster.Aa few; a little Ba bit of; a bit Ca bit; a bit of Dfew; a bit B 考点八考点八 die的用法的用法【课文原句课文原句】 If we pollute the rivers and oceans, fish may get sick or even die.如果我们污染了河流和海洋，鱼类会生如果我们污染了河流和海洋，鱼类会生病，甚至会死亡。病，甚至会死亡。(八下八下P122)(1)【辨析辨析】 “死死”得其所得其所词语用法用法例句例句die不及物不及物动词，是非，是非延延续性性动词The poor man died three years ago.那个那个可怜的人可怜的人3年前去世年前去世了。了。dead形容形容词，意，意为“死死的的”，用来作表，用来作表语或定或定语Though he is dead, he is still alive in our heart.尽管他死了，尽管他死了，但他仍然活在我但他仍然活在我们心心中。中。词语用法用法例句例句death名名词，意，意为“死亡死亡”His death made us very sad.他的死使我他的死使我们很很伤心。心。dyingdie的的现在分在分词，也可用作形容也可用作形容词，表示表示“垂死的；要垂死的；要死的死的”，常用作定，常用作定语The doctor tried to save the dying boy.那那个医生努力个医生努力抢救救这个个生命垂危的男孩。生命垂危的男孩。(2)【拓展拓展】 有关有关die的短语的短语die of因因而死，指死于内因而死，指死于内因(如疾病、寒冷、年老等如疾病、寒冷、年老等)；die from因因而死，指死于外因而死，指死于外因(如创伤等如创伤等)；die off相继死去；相继死去；die away消失，减弱；消失，减弱；die out绝种，逐渐消失。绝种，逐渐消失。Li Leis grandfather died in 2000.李磊的爷爷死于李磊的爷爷死于2000年。年。There is a dead dog lying on the road.有一只死狗躺在大道有一只死狗躺在大道上。上。The cat is dying.这猫正垂死挣扎。这猫正垂死挣扎。He mourned the death of his friend.他哀悼朋友的死。他哀悼朋友的死。用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空14(2018贵州安顺中考贵州安顺中考)The famous star has _(die) for nearly 15 years.been dead单项选择单项选择15Lei Feng _ for many years, but he still lives in our hearts.Adied Bhas died Chas been died Dhas been dead D