第三部分第三部分 题型研析高分保障题型研析高分保障题型题型 1 1 听力测试听力测试 听力试题主要考查学生听音辨义的综合能力。临沂中考英语听力试题题材多样，包括日常交际用语、常用对话和短文。从试题考查的内容看，主要是贴近学生生活、基本上没有生词的英语材料，另外辅以一部分难度略低于教材内容的实用英语。试题的形式由选择题和听写两部分组成。从考查学生的听力技能来看，临沂中考听力大致分为四种题型：1听句选图题：这个题型主要考查学生听句辨意，观察选图的能力。所涉及的话题与考生的日常学习生活息息相关，如：饮食、运动、日常作息、交通方式、活动等。2对话理解题：此题型分为短对话理解和长对话理解。简短的小对话通常涉及约会、问路、购物、谈论日常发生的事情等。长对话内容较为复杂，一般长对话后面有五个小题。3短文判断正误题：此题型考查学生对所听短文的综合理解能力及信息判断能力。主要考查有情节的小故事。短文在120词左右(短文读两遍)。故事中涉及的人物活动、时间、地点、心理活动、年龄、人物与事件的对应点都是考点，另外，特别注意文段中的数字，在数字上出题的频率较高。4听对话填句/表题：该题属于笔答题，明确了考查重点，这样听起来就有较强的针对性；试题设置往往按对话内容的先后顺序，以考查细节内容为主，主要考查录音中的人物、数字、时间、地点、活动内容和方式、事物特点等。解题技法解题技法指导指导类型类型1 1 听句选图题听句选图题1.首先要快速浏览所给图片，弄清楚图中信息，包括图中的人物、事物、动作及形态。建议考生可根据图片预测一些关键词，这些关键词通常应为名词或动词。2答题时要学会把握能够与图片内容相对应的关键信息。通常情况下，句子的谓语和宾语能够说明事件，是重点把握的关键信息。【例】 听句子，选择与句子内容相对应的图片。每个句子读两遍。1_ 2._3._4_ 5._【听力原文】【听力原文】 1The computer is one of the most useful inventions.2Last term，I got an “A” on my math exam.My parents were very pleased with me.3Whales are larger than any other animal in the ocean.4Playing football makes him relaxed and happy.5The air is fresher in the countryside，and people can enjoy nature there.【解析】 1.快速浏览所给图片，弄清楚图中的人物、事物、动作及形态。根据读图预测一些关键词，第一幅关键词为“A”；第二幅关键词为whales；第三幅关键词为computer；第四幅关键词为countryside；第五幅关键词为play football；第六幅关键词为monkey。2.在听句子时要学会把握与图片内容相对应的关键信息。通常情况下，所听句子中的谓语和宾语是重点把握的关键信息。【答案】 1.C2.A3.B4.E5.D类型类型2 2 对话理解题对话理解题1.快速浏览选项，了解有关信息和预测话题，然后再听对话的有关内容。2重点关注第二发言者，第二发言者针对前者的提问所作的回答，往往就是谈话的关键内容，通常成为对话后问题的要点。3要注意时间、地点、人物、数字和事件等，同时还要认真地做好记录。【例】 听对话和问题，根据所听内容，选择最佳答案。对话和问题都读两遍。1A.Its in front of the post office.BIts between the bank and the post office.CIts next to the supermarket and across from the bank.2A.David.BPeter.CLinda.3A.He was reading at the library.BHe was playing basketball on the playground.CHe was doing his homework at home.4A.For four days.BFor three weeks.CFor two months.5A.The river is badly polluted.BThere is no water in the river.CThe water is too deep.【听力原文】【听力原文】 1W：Excuse me.Is there a restaurant around here?M：Yes，there is.Just go along Bridge Street and turn left when you see the post office.Its next to the supermarket and across from the bank.Q：Where is the restaurant?2M：Im going to get good grades this year.Did you make a New Years resolution，Linda?W：Yes，David，I did.Im going to learn to play the piano.How about Peter?M：Hes going to make a soccer team.Q：Who is going to make a soccer team?3W：The weather is beautiful today! But yesterdays rainstorm was the heaviest one so far this year.I was at home doing my homework yesterday at the time of the rainstorm.M：I was reading at the library at that time.Q：What was the boy doing when the rainstorm came yesterday?4W：Ive been in China for two months，but Im going back to Australia tomorrow.M：Have you traveled much?W：Yes，I have.Ive seen many interesting things.Q：How long has the lady been in China?5M：Hey，Gina.Lets go swimming in the river later this afternoon.W：I dont think I want to go，Frank.I was there last Sunday and the river was really dirty.Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish.Q：Why wont Gina go swimming in the river?【解析】浏览所有小题可知：第1小题应是一道关于问路的对话理解，重点听地点；第2小题重点听人物所做的事情；第3小题应重点捕捉事件；第4小题应关注时间长短；第5小题应重点听事情的原因。【答案】 1.C2.B3.A4.C5.A类型类型3 3 听短文判断正误题听短文判断正误题此类试题往往要求考生就文章中涉及的时间(有时是变化的时间)、地点、人物(性别、年龄、多个人物之间的关系)等具体细节进行判断；就事件的原因与结果之间的逻辑关系、事件发生过程中的细节、作者的观点或者文章的中心进行推理、总结、归纳。1听录音前要充分利用间隙时间，阅读五个句子，在阅读过程中，可用笔圈出或画出可能设陷阱的关键点。2要根据问题大致推测出文段的话题，从而做好心理准备，读到之前标注的关键信息处要格外注意。3听第一遍录音时，不要急于作答，应仔细把全文听完，尽可能弄清楚文章的关键信息。在听第二遍录音时，可适当地做一些记录，如：时间、地点、数字、人物、天气等。同时把可能正确的答案做上记号，检验核对答案，以减少差错。【例】 听短文，根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误，正确的用“A”表示，不正确的用“B”表示。短文读两遍。听短文前，你们有20秒的时间阅读下列句子。()1.A guide is talking to the tourists.()2.The tourists are on the way to London.()3.People in London dont like to help foreign tourists.()4.People working there often spend a lot of time visiting the museum.()5.There are many parks and gardens in the city.【听力原文】【听力原文】 Hello，ladies and gentlemen.I am your guide today.First，Id like to tell you something about London before we arrive.As you know，London is the capital of England.It lies on the River Thames.Its a very big city，with a population of about 7 million.The people are usually friendly and helpful，especially the policemen.They are always glad to tell visitors about their city.London is a busy place.People work in offices，banks or companies.They are in a hurry all the time.London is also a beautiful city.It has lots of parks and gardens.When you are in London，you should visit the London Museum.It can tell you a lot of interesting stories.You may also visit many other places of interest，such as Big Ben and the River Thames.Wish you a good time!【解析】 浏览所有句子，判断短文内容与旅游有关，且极可能是导游向游客介绍伦敦的概况。第1题考查说话者的身份，要求考生听录音时注意表明其职业特征的关键词句(短文的第一、二句)，正确答案为A。第2题考查旅游者所在的地方(where)，录音中“about London before we arrive”是关键，正确答案为A。第3题考查伦敦市民对外国游客的态度，“dont like to help foreign tourists”与原文中的“The people are usually friendly and helpful，especially the policemen.”不符，故答案为B。第4题考查伦敦人的生活状况(how)，从文中“London is a busy place.”及“They are in a hurry all the time.”可知答案为B。第5题是对伦敦市容的考查，从“beautiful”及“lots of parks and gardens”等信息可知答案为A。【答案】 1.A2.A3.B4.B5.A类型类型4 4 听对话填句听对话填句/ /表题表题这类对话理解题是听一段完整的长对话，根据对话内容完成句子或补全表格中所缺的信息，对话一般读三遍。做此类题目时，首先要根据题目中缺失的部分及已提供的相关信息找到要听的重点，从听力材料中找缺失信息。1听录音要充分利用间隙时间，阅读句子或表格内容。读句子或表格时，一是要把握住对话的主要话题；二是要对句子/表格中所缺的关键信息进行预测，以便听录音时特别留意。2所填词汇，既要符合对话的内容，又要符合语法的要求。名词注意单复数，动词注意过去式还是过去分词等。考生往往对这些词汇听不清楚，但对答题起着非常重要的作用。【例】 听写。听对话，根据对话内容完成下列句子，每空词数不限。对话读三遍。听对话前，你们有20秒钟的时间阅读下列句子。1Whats the date of Lindas birthday? Its the 27th of_2How old will Linda be next Friday? She will be_3What does Linda like doing? She likes _ and listening to popular music.4Who is Lindas best friend? _.5What new present will Linda get? A _ about popular music.【听力原文】【听力原文】 M：Tina，do you know its Lindas birthday next week?W：No，I dont.Jim，youre her best friend.Do you know what day her birthday is?M：Yeah，of course，its on Friday.Its the 27th of June.W：How old will she be?M：She will be twelve.I want to give her a present，but I dont know what to get her.Can you help me decide?W：What does she like doing?M：She likes reading.W：Why dont you get her a book?M：She already has a lot of books.I want to get her something different.W：What else does she like doing?M：She likes listening to popular music.W：How about getting her a CD?M：Thats too expensive.I cant afford to get her a CD.W：Then I know what you should get as a new present.A magazine about popular music.Shell be pleased with her favourite things.M：Thats a great idea! Thanks，Tina.【解析】 1.材料中“Its the 27th of June.”告诉我们她的生日具体是哪一天。2.由“She will be twelve.”可知Linda下周五就十二岁了。3.根据“She likes reading.”和“She already has a lot of books.”以及“She likes listening to popular music.”我们就可确定她的爱好是看书和听流行音乐。4.由“Jim，youre her best friend.”可知Linda最好的朋友是Jim。5.由“A magazine about popular music.”可知Jim 在Linda生日那天要送给她一本有关流行音乐的杂志。【答案】 1.June2.Twelve / 123.reading4.Jim5.magazine即时运用即时运用(一)听句子，选择与句子内容相对应的图片。每个句子读两遍。1_ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._FDCAB(二)听对话和问题，根据所听内容，选择最佳答案。对话和问题都读两遍。( )6.A. Its only one kilometer. BIts only two kilometers. CIts about three kilometers.( )7.A. Twice a week. BTwice a month. COnce a month.( )8.A. Eating and drinking. BRunning in the hall. CTaking photos.( )9.A. The music that she can sing along with. BThe music that she can dance to. CThe music that has great lyrics.( )10.A. Because he must meet his friends. BBecause he must study for an English test. CBecause he must study for a math test.BBCCC(三)听短文，根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误，正确的用 “A”表示，不正确的用“B”表示。短文读两遍。听短文前，你们有20秒种的时间阅读下列句子。( )11.In everyday English，colors have some special meanings.( )12.“Blue” sometimes means “sad” in spoken English.( )13.“Yellow” always means “afraid” in English.( )14.We never tell a white lie to the people around us.( )15.A boy is afraid to climb up the tree.He is yellow.A ABBA(四)听写。听对话，根据对话内容完成下列句子，每空词数不限。对话读三遍。听对话前，你们有20秒钟的时间阅读下列句子。16How long havent they seen each other? Rose hasnt seen Bill for_17What is Rose busy with? Rose is busy with the _18What would Rose and her sister like to do? They would like to _19What is a good choice? _ is cheaper and closer to nature.20Why is it a good way to relax? Because its a good way to _ our school work for a while.three/3weeksexamgo to the beachCampingforget题型题型 2 2 单项填空单项填空一、题型特点单项填空考查学生语言知识的综合运用能力。随着每年中考一步步的改进，该题型更加注重考查学生的实际运用能力。纯粹考查语法的题目在逐渐减少，取而代之的是着重考查单词、词组在特殊语境中的含义，考查学生在特定的语言环境下对语言意义的领悟、判断与运用能力；口语交际的比例逐步扩大；动词和主从复合句的考查是热点。二、必考点归纳冠词、代词、名词、介词、连词、形容词及副词的比较等级、动词短语、动词不定式、情态动词、时态(现在完成时、过去进行时、一般将来时、一般过去时、一般现在时、现在进行时)、感叹句、被动语态和宾语从句。解题技法指导方法方法1 1 固定搭配法固定搭配法固定搭配法，就是利用学过的固定短语进行解题。【例】 Well have dinner at Qianxilong Restaurant，which is famous _ its food.Aof Bto Cfor Das【解析】 be famous for为固定词组，意为“因而出名”；be famous as也是固定词组，意为“作为而出名”。根据句意可推知千禧龙酒店因其食物而出名。【答案】 C方法方法2 2 标志词法标志词法许多题目中都有一些词，它们对快速而准确地判断答案起着重要的作用，找到这些标志词，就找到了解题的突破口。【例】 It was reported that nine Chinese people_in a balloon crash (坠毁)in Egypt on February 26，2013.Aare killed Bwere killedCwill kill Dhave killed【解析】 根据“on February 26，2013”这个时间状语，我们很容易判断应为一般过去时。【答案】 B方法方法3 3 排除法排除法排除法，就是根据题干提供的信息，先把一眼就能看出的干扰项排除，缩小选择范围，然后将剩余项代入空白处进行验证。【例】 Can I come this afternoon or tomorrow morning?_is OK.Im free today and tomorrow.AEither BNeither CBoth DNone【解析】 根据题意，应理解为今天和明天都有空，由此排除B、D两项表示否定含义的代词。虽然both表示“两者都”，但谓语动词应使用复数形式，所以排除C项。either意为“(两者中的)任何一个”，谓语动词使用单数。【答案】 A方法方法4 4 语境分析法语境分析法语境分析法，就是根据所处的语言环境，联系上下文直接解题。【例】 Mom，I was the first to reach the top of the mountain.Good job，Jack！Im_ of you.Acareful Bproud Ctired Dafraid【解析】 be careful of；be proud of；be tired of；be afraid of这四个词组都存在，但根据语境，“我”是第一个到达山顶的，妈妈肯定对此感到“骄傲”。【答案】 B方法方法5 5 前后照应法前后照应法前后照应法，就是解题前透彻理解，然后联系上下文，捕捉隐含的信息，找到正确答案。【例】 What fun The Croods is!Yeah！I like the movie，too.Its so_Aboring BscaryCinteresting Dsad【解析】 根据上句的“fun”和“I like the movie，too.”可知这部电影很有趣。【答案】 C方法方法6 6 交际法交际法交际法，就是利用交际用语的问和答来解题。【例】 I will go to the countryside to see my grandmother this afternoon，so I cant go swimming with you._AIts my pleasure. BYou are welcome.CThats a pity. DSure，I am.【解析】 根据句意，前者不能一块去游泳了，错过了一个机会，这种情况下我们使用“真遗憾”作为应答。【答案】 C方法方法7 7 还原法还原法还原法，有时也叫代入法，是仿照数学中代入答案演算从而验证是否准确的一种方法。具体来讲，做题时，先读题干，分析句子结构和考查目的，然后浏览选项，根据题干把认为最有可能的选项代入到题干中去读，看是否有意义、是否符合语法、是否完整、是否符合固定搭配等，从而来判断代入的选项是否是最佳答案。【例】 I dont know how to search the Internet._Ill help you.AI hope so BDont worryCIm afraid，too DNor do I【解析】 本题考查提供帮助句型的问答。题干句意：我不知道如何上网。_。我会帮助你。先看选项，不确定哪一个合适，可把每一个选项都代入，看一看是否通顺或者完整。代入A项“我希望如此，我会帮助你”，不通顺；代入C项“恐怕我也不会，我会帮你”，自相矛盾；代入D项“我也是，我会帮你”，也不符合逻辑。只有B项“不必担心，我会帮你”合适。【答案】 B即时运用即时运用1I cant find my ticket.I think I have lost _.Ait Bone Cat Don2Nice to meet you，Mr.Green.Im Sandy and this is Brad，Ken and Emily._ASee you later BYoure welcomeCPleased to meet you all DYou have a point there3Pass the raincoat to me，please.It _ hard now.Here you are.Ais raining BrainedCwill rain DrainsACA4The milk shake tastes good.How do you make it?Its easy，just follow the _Adiscussions BinstructionsCresolutions Dintroductions5Could you please tell me _？Ten years ago.Awhen you taught in this schoolBwhen did you teach in this schoolChow long you taught in this schoolDhow long did you teach in this school6Mary runs _ of all the girls in her school，and she won the 100meter race last month.Anearest Bhighest Cfastest DslowestBAC7Their classroom is as_as ours.Acleaner BcleanCthe cleanest Dmuch cleaner8Tomorrow my parents will take me to Hong Kong Disneyland._ABest wishes to you! BIts a good idea.CHave a good day! DGood luck to you! 9What a bad day!Everyone has one of those days when _ goes right.Anothing BanythingCeverything DsomethingBCA10I hear youve got a new watch._ I have a look?Yes，you may.ADo BMay CShould DShall11Excuse me，could I borrow your computer?_，but please give it back by Saturday.AIm sorry BOf courseCCertainly not DNo，thanks12He borrowed some money _ me and gave it_the poor man.Ato；for Bfor；toCfrom；to Dto；fromBBC题型题型 3 3 阅读理解阅读理解解题技法解题技法指导指导类型类型1 1 判断正误型阅读理解判断正误型阅读理解1.本题设置5个小题，要求考生根据短文内容，判断5个句子的正误。正确的用“A”表示，不正确的用“B”表示。2文章通常在200词左右，阅读量和难度相对较小，题目内容通常是按文章内容的先后顺序设计。例题精析例题精析2017青岛中考Our skin is like a bag that we live in.Inside the bag our bodies are mostly water.Our water is like the water in the sea.It is very salty.Also，like the ocean，we can lose our water.The wind and the sun could take it away.Our bag of skin keeps our bodys ocean from drying up.Our skin keeps out sunshine.Too much sunshine can hurt us.Skin also keeps out dirt.Thats important because some kinds of dirt can make us sick.Our skin feels things.It feels warm things，cold things，things it touches，and things that hurt it.A campfire feels warm.A snowball thrown in our face feels cold and hurts us.A hug is the touch of another persons skin on our own.Our hair is a special kind of covering.It helps us keep things out of our eyes，ears and nose.Hair is also good for keeping us warm.When we get goose bumps(鸡皮疙瘩)，our body hairs stand up.Then the hairs hold air close to our skin like a thick blanket(毯子)Hair keeps animals warm，too.Some animals have more hair than others，so they have a better blanket for cold weather.Our nails(指甲)are another special skin which are very hard.They help keep our fingers from getting hurt.Our nails arent as strong as the nails that animals have.But they are good for picking up coins.1Our skin is like a bag full of salt.【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Inside the bag our bodies are mostly water.”可知，人身体绝大部分是由水组成。故原题表述错误。【答案】 B2Our skin keeps out dirt and sunshine.【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Our skin keeps out sunshine.”和第三句“Skin also keeps out dirt.”可知，本题的叙述是正确的。【答案】 A3Our skin helps us feel things，touch or hurt others.【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第六句“It feels warm things，cold things，things it touches，and things that hurt it.”可知，我们的皮肤可以感知到伤害它的东西，而不是皮肤帮助我们伤害其他(人或事物)。故原题表述是错误的。【答案】 B4Our hair helps protect our eyes，ears and nose.【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“It helps us keep things out of our eyes，ears and nose.”可知，原题表述正确。【答案】 A5Our nails are weaker than the nails that animals have but can keep our fingers safe.【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二、三句“They help keep our fingers from getting hurt.Our nails arent as strong as the nails that animals have.”可知，原题表述正确。【答案】 A技法点拨技法点拨1要保持对文段数字的敏感度。有关年份、月份、数量、倍数、时间长短等的数字往往是设题点。2要注意主语(包括人和事物)与动作(或所处的状态)的对应情况。有些题目是通过张冠李戴的方式设置的，要注意区分。3要注意时态。有些是通过在事件发生的时间上动手脚进行的。要学会通过对句子时态的判断对时间进行定位。4答题时要注意正确项的特点，回原文找答案。(1)正确项的特点：正话反说，肯定句变否定句，同义词替换，叙述角度转换而中心不变。(2)干扰项的特点：绝对化，如：only，all，always，never等。偷换概念：如扩大或缩小范围，此时要特别注意名词前形容词修饰限制。片面化：如以偏概全，以枝节代主题。窜词现象或无中生有。本题难度较低，所有答案均可通过与原文进行对比得出，只要细心，想拿满分并不难。类型类型2 2 选择型阅读理解选择型阅读理解临沂中考阅读理解B篇是选择型的阅读理解，话题多为科技性的说明文。 考查方式上多为3道细节理解题和1道推理判断题或词义猜测题和1道主旨大意题。阅读指导阅读指导在平时的阅读训练中，我们可以按照以下几点来做：1抓关键句(如名词、动词、主谓宾构成的简单句及常见的几种复合句)。2抓首尾句，即中心句，也叫主题句。3在浏览题目的同时，用铅笔画出有关信息，缩小寻找范围。4学会通过阅读上下文或跳读来推测词义。最后，要复读检查。答完题后，再重读一遍短文，以验证所做的答案。例题精析例题精析2017青海中考Although we all want happiness and joy every day，sometimes we still feel blueMost people can control this，but sometimes it can get worse and people fall into depression(抑郁)This year，the WHO chose “depression” as the theme of World Health Day.This aims to raise peoples awareness(意识)of it.According to its recent report，about 322 million people had depression in 2015.This is more than 4 percent of the worlds population.Depression is described as a mental disorder(精神疾病)It has several symptoms (症状) like sadness and loss of interest.In extreme cases，depression may lead to suicide(自杀)There are three groups of people that are more likely to develop depression，according to WHO.One is old people，while another is women who are pregnant(怀孕的)or have just given birth.And young people are also one of the three groups.In China，depression among young people is on the rise，Zhu Zhuohong，a famous psychology professor told Xinhua.Competitions，especially in education，can cause a lot of pressure.Luckily，efforts are being made to solve this problem.Now several social organizations in China are trying hard to help those with depression.WHO also held the “Depression：Lets talk” campaign this month，aiming to make sure that people with depression seek and get help.1In Paragraph 1，the underlined word “blue” means “_”Athe color of the skyBsad and hopelessCsad musicDbad feeling2People with depression even want to_Aseek and get help Bhave competitionChave pressure Dcommit suicide3Which of the following statement is NOT true?ADepression is a mental disorder.BPregnant women are more likely to develop depression.CPeople with depression cannot go to work.DDepression among young people is on the rise.4Depression among young people in China may be caused by_Apressure Blarge populationCsadness Dmental disorder5Whats the best title for the passage?ADepression developmentBDepression，a silent killerCEducation competitionsDDepression campaign【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了抑郁症患者的数量、症状、患病人群及采取阻止患抑郁病的一些措施。1B考查角度：词义猜测。解题方法：联系上下文。推理过程：前文提示“happiness”和“joy”及后文转折，故可以推断情绪为“sad and hopeless(难过和无望的)”。由于谓语动词为feel，其后跟形容词，排除D项。故选B。2D考查角度：细节理解。解题方法：寻找关键词。推理过程：文中第三段最后一句中提示“depression may lead to suicide”，意为“有自杀倾向”，故选D。3C考查角度：推理判断。解题方法：回看文章。推理过程：A选项“抑郁是一种精神疾病”、B选项“孕妇易患抑郁”和D选项“年轻人抑郁人数上升”，文中均有表示，是正确的。而C选项，文中提示“有部分人没有意识到患了抑郁，还有些学生由于教育的压力导致抑郁”等，均说明抑郁的人是可以工作的。故选C。4A考查角度：细节理解。解题方法：逻辑推理。推理过程：文中第五段最后一句“Competitions，especially in education，can cause a lot of pressure.”说明教育竞争的压力导致年轻人患上抑郁。故选A。5B考查角度：标题归纳。解题方法：归纳全文。推理过程：本文主要介绍的抑郁对人们的危害。故B选项 Depression，a silent killer“抑郁，无声的杀手”符合文意，故选B。技法点拨技法点拨1细节理解题利用题目的关键词，寻找文中对应的词，在对应词周围找答案或直接在文中搜索答案。一般不能直接从某句中找到答案，而是需要根据全文的多个句子或段落得出答案，这时应采用排除法来解题。2推理判断题本题型根据文中某些词、句子或段落进行推理或根据句子的语气、文章的论调和倾向进行推断。读整篇文章，理解作者意图，真理不一定是正确答案。事实推断：这种推断常常针对某一或几个具体细节进行简单的推断。进行这种推断时，要首先在文章中找出依据推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的含义。逻辑推断。对作者的意图和态度的推断。3词义猜测题解答这类题目时需要一些猜词技巧：根据上下文猜测；根据同义词或反义词猜测；根据构词法猜测；通过定义或释义猜测；根据转折、因果关系等来猜测；根据生活常识猜测。此外，对于这类题目采取“代入法”也十分有效，即将备选答案逐一带入文中，哪一选项能使句子的意思通顺、连贯，且与上下文的内容一致，就是正确答案。4主旨大意题标题归纳题用以考查考生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。做此类题要注意：(1)以原文为依据；(2)只选最适合本篇文章的；(3)注意绝对化的词；(4)答案要避免以点带面，以偏概全；(5)文中没有提到的不要妄自猜测，一切以文章内容为准。主旨大意题重点关注文章的首尾句或段首句寻找主题句或纵观全文归纳总结文章的主旨大意。类型类型3 3 选词填空型阅读理解选词填空型阅读理解本题型从2017年开始由一篇文章的12选10选词填空，改为两个语篇的6选5选词填空，并且位置也发生了变化，改放在第卷中的第三大题阅读理解C篇，降低了题目的难度。文章为一篇文章分为两个语篇，词数大约200词左右。该题型考查学生的综合能力，包括阅读理解能力、基础语法能力、单词拼写能力和语言表达能力等。通过观察近几年的临沂中考题可以发现，选词填空的文章多以记叙文和议论文为主，单词以实词为主，兼顾虚词。考点主要集中在：固定搭配；语义推断能力；考查关联词。阅读指导阅读指导选词填空考查的是考生对文章的整体理解，因此选词填空题的解题步骤为：1跳读全文，把握大意。考生首先应快速通读全文，了解文章的中心思想，通过对文章的分析，把握文章的背景、主题，结合每段的首句和末句，把握文章的结构。2阅读选项，词性分类。接下来要仔细阅读选项。因为选项是单词，而非句子或语段，所以考试难度就大大下降了，考生应根据词性把每个单词进行分类归纳，如：动词、名词、形容词等。3前后结合，寻找线索。注意空格前后的结构和搭配，选择词性、单复数、时态和意义均符合文章上下文要求的词填入空格处，特别要注意“瞻前顾后”，保持文章前后通顺、流畅。同时在做题过程中可用排除法逐渐减少备选词汇。4重读全文，查漏补缺，核实答案。选择完成后，考生必须将所选单词带入原文进行复读，确认上下文衔接与否并核实答案。值得一提的是，如果考生觉得某些选项需要调整，只能进行谨慎微调，切忌将自己已做出的选择全部推翻重选，那样做题效率会大大降低。例题精析例题精析根据短文内容，从方框中选出恰当的单词或短语填空，使语意通顺完整。第一个方框供15小题选用，第二个方框供610小题选用。每个选项只能选用一次，每框有一项剩余。Achangeable Bdisaster CresponsibleDsituation Eexciting FbeforeNowadays more and more people prefer to go fishing or hiking in the woods.Experiencing nature is 1 ，but when youre doing this，always keep yourself safe.Its important to remember several basic rules if you dont want to turn a pleasant outing into 2 First，be fully prepared for different weather. 3 you set out，always get warm clothes and raincoats ready，just in case! This is especially true in the 4 of traveling in the mountain areas.The weather is really 5 in high mountains.Sometimes you can experience two or three seasons in one day.Aappear Bheavily CnearlyDpack Eprobably FareaSecond， 6 a map，a compass，and a flashlight in your bag.Even experienced travelers get lost.Before you start your trip，study the map to get familiar with the 7 you are going to.The flashlight is important if you do get lost.Many trips that start out in daylight will 8 become nighttime adventures when people cant find their way.Third，bring a firstaid kit and know how to use it.Small cuts can be more serious when there is no doctor 9 Finally，tell people where you are going and when you plan to come back.That way，someone will go search for you if troubles 10 This will increase your chance of being found quickly.【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要阐述了人们去野外亲近大自然时需要注意的事项。1E考查角度：语境理解。解题方法：联系上文及搭配的合理性。推理过程：由上句“Nowadays more and more people prefer to go fishing or hiking in the woods.”可知，人们越来越喜欢钓鱼、徒步旅行等，可推知去野外体验大自然是很让人兴奋的。本句是主系表结构，系动词is说明此处应用形容词作表语。2B考查角度：推理判断。解题方法：逻辑推理。推理过程：由上句中的“.when youre doing this，always keep yourself safe.”可知，出游时一定要保证安全，可推知本句应是表示“如果不想把愉快的出游变成灾难，遵守一些基本的规则是很重要的。”由前面的不定冠词a可知应填单数名词disaster。3F考查角度：语境理解。解题方法：联系前后句。推理过程：由“总是准备好暖和的衣服和雨衣”在“出发”之前，故用before。4D考查角度：细节理解。解题方法：联系文章。推理过程：由第二段第一、二句“First，be fully prepared for different weather.Before you set out，always get warm clothes and raincoats ready，just in case！”可知，出游时需要带上衣服和雨衣等一些必备衣物，以防止天气突变，尤其是去山里游玩的情况下更要注意安全。由前面的定冠词the可知此处应填名词。5A考查角度：语境理解。解题方法：联系下文。推理过程：由下句“Sometimes you can experience two or three seasons in one day.”可推知，有时候一天中山里的天气变化反复无常。本句是主系表结构，系动词is说明此处应用形容词作表语。6D考查角度：语境理解及句型分析。解题方法：联系上下文。推理过程：分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词。由第三段第三、四句“Before you start your trip.if you do get lost.”可推知，出行之前需要带上地图、指南针和手电筒，即“把它们进行打包”。7F考查角度：句型分析。解题方法：语境推断。推理过程：根据句子结构可知“you are going to”是定语从句，修饰此处的先行词，为名词，作定语从句的宾语，表示地点，故用area。8E考查角度：推理判断。解题方法：联系上下文及分析语境。推理过程：由第三段第二句“Even experienced travellers get lost.”及语境可知，人们在山中游玩时可能会迷路，因此白天的旅游极有可能会变成夜晚的探险活动。9C考查角度：推理判断。解题方法：逻辑推理。推理过程：由上句“Third，bring a firstaid kit and know how to use it.”及常识可知，在山中游玩时需带上急救箱以防人受伤，当附近没有医生时。10A考查角度：语境理解。解题方法：联系上文。推理过程：由上句“Finally，tell people where you are going and when you plan to come back.”及语境可推知，告诉人们你要去的目的地及返回的时间，以便于你有麻烦时人们前去搜救你。if从句中缺少谓语动词。类型类型4 4 阅读还原阅读还原( (六选五型阅读理解六选五型阅读理解) )六选五阅读理解考查的是考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。该题型选项大致可分为主旨概括句(文章整体内容)、过渡性句子(文章结构)和注释性句子(上下文逻辑意义)三类。另外一个多余的干扰项也可以通过这三个特点来排除，例如主旨概括句要么过于宽泛要么以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。阅读指导阅读指导1先阅读选项。通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出跟其他选项表达完全不同意思的句子，这样的话我们就可以直接将该选项排除。2再看空前空后。由于六选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。3注意代词或定冠词。在做这类题目的时候，一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词，然后通过代词在句子中所做的成分我们可以推断出它指代的句子的类型，最后从选项中找这类句型。4注意一些特殊疑问词。如果选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词，一定要把这句话仔细读几遍，因为对于不同特殊疑问词的回答方式是不一样的，比如对why的回答，后面要有because等表原因的词，对when的回答，后面要有表时间的状语，对where的回答，后面要有表地点的名词，对how的回答，后面要有方式状语等。5注意一些连词。 表示转折的连词but，however，yet，though / although 等和表示并列的连词如and，also，as well as，neither.nor，either.or，not only.but also，on one hand.on the other hand等可表达句子与句子之间的关系，通过不同的连词我们可以推知句子与句子之间不同的关系。例题精析例题精析2016临沂中考On the fourth Sunday of every November，most Americans get together around the dinner table to celebrate Thanksgiving.Special traditions in the US have been around for many years.1._These are four popular Thanksgiving traditions and how they started.2_The first Thanksgiving meal was in the autumn of 1621 when the first travelers from England celebrated their first harvest (收获)But it wasnt made into an official (官方的) holiday until 1863.The first large meal had turkey，fruits and vegetables，which are still common today.3_ Historians say the first travelers invited Native Americanas (美洲印第安人) to the meal to thank them for teaching them how to grow food.Today at the large meal，friends and family will also say what they are most thankful for.4_ The parade (游行) includes very large balloons that look like cartoon characters and beautiful floats(花车) that carry famous people.There are also many musical performances to watch.This parade started in 1924，and today over 44 million people watch it on TV or in New York City.5_People started to watch football on Thanksgiving a few years after the day became an official holiday.Today，the National Football League takes advantage of this popularity and hosts three NFL games every Thanksgiving.根据短文内容，从方框中选出五个句子填入文中空缺处，使短文内容完整正确。AGiving thanks is what the holiday is all about.BAmerican football is something people both watch and play with their family on Turkey Day.CHowever，some people dont always stop to think about where the traditions came from.DHere is one way to make turkey for a Thanksgiving dinner.EA large meal is the important event every Thanksgiving.FEvery year，there is a Macys Thanksgiving Day Parade in New York City.【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了四种流行的感恩节传统和它们如何兴起的。1【解析】 根据上句“美国特别的传统已经流行许多年了”和下句“有四种流行的感恩节传统和它们如何兴起的”可知此处与传统有关，结合选项，只有C项与传统相关且意思符合。【答案】 C2【解析】 根据下句“第一餐感恩节饭是在1621年的秋天”及本段都与吃饭有关，可知此处也应与meal相关，结合选项，只有E项与meal相关且意思符合。【答案】 E3【解析】 根据下句“历史学家说第一批旅行者邀请了美洲印第安人来吃饭表示感谢他们教他们种植食物”说明与感恩有关，结合选项，只有A项意思符合。【答案】 A4【解析】 根据下句“游行包括看起来像卡通人物的非常大的气球，以及搭载名人的花车”可知，只有F项提到了parade“游行”。【答案】 F5【解析】 根据下句“人们开始在感恩节观看足球”，结合选项，只有B项提到足球且意思符合。【答案】 B即时运用即时运用Passage 1Passage 12016临沂中考New YearNew Years Resolutionss ResolutionsXu Hui，13，from ShanghaiIn 2016，I really wish that I could make friends with some boys in my class.I have many friends，but they are all girls.It will be quite cool and interesting to talk with boys and play games with them.Also，my math and physics scores are not very good.I want to improve them.Zhao Yujie，14，from JiangsuMy biggest resolution is to volunteer more.I want to help homeless children and old people.I think its important for us to spread laughter and warmth to others.So Im willing to do this and hope everyone around me will be happy.Li Langjing，14，from FujianIn the new year，I want to take more trips with my friends.Especially，I hope I can go to Xinjiang and Taiwan.I really want to climb the beautiful Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang and taste delicious snacks in Taiwan.Ma Yue，15，from BeijingMy new years wish is to get a ticket to a Scorpions (蝎子乐队) concert.They are a German rock band.I love their metal music.They will have a concert in February.I dont want to miss it.Li Yunxiao，15，from ZhejiangI hope that my family and I will have good health.Thats the most important thing I think.As its my last year in junior high school，Id like to cherish(珍惜)every moment with my classmates.We may be under great pressure.But I want to make sweet memories.Whats more.I want to grow taller!根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误。正确的用“A”表示，不正确的用“B”表示。( )1.Xu Hui has few friends and she wishes to make friends with some boys in her class.( )2.Zhao Yujie thinks its important for them to spread laughter and warmth to others.( )3.Li Langjing wants to climb mountains in Xinjiang and Taiwan.( )4.A rock band will have a contest in February， and Ma Yue wants to get a ticket to it.( )5.Li Yunxiao hopes that his family will have good health and he wants to grow taller.BABAAPassage 2Passage 22015临沂中考Have you seen some machines that eat used plastic bottles and give some coins to the users(用户)?Recently，such machines have appeared at universities in Chongqing.They can turn rubbish into treasure and encourage the public to recycle rubbish.The machine is as large as a fridge.Users put an empty bottle in the machine.It is identified(识别) by a small camera.Then it is put into a builtin bin.The users can get some coins.They can also give away the money.When the machine is filled with bottles，it will tell the companys(公司) head office.Nearby stations will send workers to have bottles collected，packed and sent to the company.The bottle recycling machines could greatly encourage the public to recycle rubbish and save natural resources (资源)Now the machine only eats plastic bottles.At sometime in the future it will also cover others，such as glass bottles，to turn more rubbish into treasure and make full use of the natural resources.People can also see similar machines in Shanghai.In the future，more such machines will appear at some large stations，bus stops，neighborhoods and schools.根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误。正确的用“A”表示，不正确的用“B”表示。( )1.The bottle recycling machine eats plastic bottles and gives some money to the users.( )2.When the machine is full，some workers will be sent to collect the bottles.( )3.So far，the bottle recycling machine has been able to accept glass bottles.( )4.There is no bottle recycling machine in Shanghai now.( )5.The passage encourages the public to protect the environment by using the bottle recycling machines.AABBAPassage 3Passage 32016临沂中考When we exercise hard，we burn fat (脂肪)But have you ever wondered where exactly the fat goes?Some doctors think that fat is changed into heat and given off in the air.Others think the body burns it.Some ever joke that someone comes and takes it.Thats why you always weigh less in the morning.Now a new study from Australia solves the mystery.“The correct answer is that most of the fat is breathed out as CO2.It goes into thin air，” says the study.Scientists followed the atoms (原子)in 10 kilograms of fat as they are lost.They found that 8.4 of those kilograms are breathed out as CO2 through the lungs(肺)The other weight，1.6 kilograms，becomes water and leaves the body.Does that mean you can lose more weight by breathing more？It is not as easy as you think.Breathing more than the bodys metabolic rate (新陈代谢速度) can make you uncomfortable.You may feel dizzy (眩晕的) and become unable to see，move or feel，according to the study.So how can people lose weight healthily？The key is to eat less and move more.You may have heard this many times.During a day，a 70kg person breathes out about 200g of CO2.So if the same person wants to lose weight，he or she can do some light exercise，for example，walking fast.This can help lose 240g of CO2.根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。1Where is the new study from？_AJapan. BAustralia.CCanada. DAmerica.2According to the new study，where does our fat go when we exercise a lot？_AThe body burns it.BSomeone comes and takes it.CIt is changed into heat and given off in the air.DMost of it is breathed out as CO2.BD3What will happen to people if they breathe more than the bodys metabolic rate？_AThey will lose weight healthily.BThey will feel comfortable.CThey may become unable to move.DThey may become healthier.C4Which of the following is the best way to lose weight？_ASitting still and breathing more.BSleeping a lot and breathing more.CEating less and exercising more.DEating more and doing some light exercise.5The passage mainly tells us _Awhere fat goes when we exerciseBwhy we can lose weight healthilyChow we should do some exerciseDwhat we should do to burn fatCAPassage 4Passage 4American country music is also known as(被称为) country western music.It has a very long history.It comes from the folk songs of immigrants(移民) from Britain.Country music uses simple music and words to express everyday feelings such as loneliness，love，and sadness.That is to say，country music describes life.It talks about friends and enemies，trucks and roads，farms and crops.People in many parts of the world like country music，because everyone can understand what the music is about.Country western music became popular first among cowboys(牛仔) in the American west countryside.Cowboys had to take care of cows day and night.When they were alone with the cows，they often sang beautiful and peaceful songs to calm the animals and to overcome their own fear.They were not welleducated and so they sang about their daily life in very simple words.They played guitars，violins，and other instruments.In the south of America，many people added instruments from their homes，like bottles and spoons.When cowboys visited their friends and families on holidays like Thanksgiving，they usually sang and played country western music.In recent years，many musicians have made country western music a little different from the one in the past.These changes make the songs sound even better.Today singers such as Carth Brooks，Reba McEmtire，Emmylou Harris，Lyle Lovett，Eddie Rabbitt，LeAnn Rimes，Randy Travis，and a group called Alabama are singing and playing in different styles.They have brought country western music more and more fans from all over the world.根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。1Country western music comes from the folk songs of immigrants from_AAmerica BFranceCBritain DGermany2According to the passage，people like American country music because_Ait has a long historyBit comes from EuropeCit is sung by cowboysDit is easy to understandCD3The chunk “calm the animals” here means “make the animals become_Asad and lonely Bquiet and relaxedCangry and wild Dupset and scared4Which of these is mentioned in the passage？_AEarly immigrants lived a very simple life.BMany country music singers are not welleducated.CCowboys usually played country western music on holidays.DIn the west of America，cowboys added instruments from their homes.BC5The best title(标题) for the passage is _AAmericans Love American Country MusicBThe History of American Country MusicCSingers and Fans of American Country MusicDAll Kinds of American Music，Yesterday and TodayBPassage 5Passage 52017贵港中考改编根据短文内容，从方框中选出恰当的单词或短语填空，使语意通顺完整。第一个方框供15小题选用，第二个方框供610小题选用。每个选项只能选用一次，每框有一项剩余。Aanything Binvited CboxDown Eprize FhisCharlie was a boy.His family was very poor.There was a chocolate factory near their house and Charlie loved chocolate more than 1._ else.Mr.Wonka was the 2._ of the chocolate factory.He had hidden five Golden Tickets inside chocolate 3._，and the children who got the Golden Tickets would be 4._ to visit his factory.And they would get a 5._ADCBEAlucky Bit CfiveDfind Eonly FgetCharlie wanted to get a ticket so badly.One day，he 6._ some money on the ground on his way home，and he used it to buy chocolate.7._，he got a Golden Ticket!When 8._children visited different chocolate rooms，four other children caused some trouble.Charlie was the 9._ one who didnt cause any trouble.He won the prizethe factory 10._He was very happy.DACEBPassage 6Passage 6Chen Yujie，15，studies at a boarding school in Ningbo，Zhejiang.1._It was not a short ride home and the trips were tiring.Chen hoped her parents could put the money on a bank card，so she didnt have to travel so often.2_ “Its usually the most relaxing time for our family，” said Chen.She chose the right time.After a few turns of lobbying (游说)，her parents finally agreed with Chen.3._So they have to choose a right time.DBFUS magazine Highlight recently surveyed 1，521 kids aged 612 in the country，asking questions like “4._ ” Results show that American kids seem to know when their parents are most receptive(乐于接受的)Meal time is discovered to be their most favorite time to talk to their parents.Bed time comes second，followed by time spent in the car.Chinese teenagers seem to have a similar tendency(倾向)over the problem.Qianjiang Daily，a newspaper in Zhejiang，did a survey about it.5._So do you have anything to talk to your parents about？Choose a good time.AE根据短文内容，从方框中选出五个句子填入文中空白处，使短文内容完整正确。AWhen you want to talk to your parents about something important，when is the best time to do it?BShe decided to discuss it with her parents during TV time after dinner.CThey found that most American teenagers would choose bed time to talk to their parents.DShe used to go back to her home in Cixi every week to get money from her parents.EThe result shows most teenagers in the city would choose meal time to talk to their parents.FFor most teenagers like Chen，talking to parents can be difficult or even worrying.Passage Passage 7 7As time goes by，are you still the same person you were？Many of you would think you are.1_You could be a completely different person when you get old.Psychologists(心理学家) at the UKs University of Edinburgh did the study on a group of Scottish people. 2._In 1950，a group of teachers gave over 1，200 14yearold students personality tests.3._They were selfconfidence，sense of responsibility，perseverance(耐性)，strong wishes to win，creativity and moods (情绪)DFAIn 2012，researchers successfully found 174 of those 1，200 students and gave them a test similar to the one they had received before.4._They were surprised to find great changes to all six personality traits of these people.5._It was “as if the second test had been given to different people.” the study reported.In the past，personality was widely believed to be unchangeable.This new study may bring some fresh ideas to the world.BE根据短文内容，从方框中选出五个句子填入文中空白处，使短文内容完整正确。AThey tested six basic personality traits.BThen they compared the thenandnow test results.CThey wanted to know if peoples personality was unchangeable.DBut according to a new study，your personality can change greatly.EThe younger and older self seemed to be totally different from each person.FThe research found almost everyones personality changed when grew old.题型题型 4 4 词形转换词形转换 词形转换题是中考英语试题中常见的题型之一，主要考查学生“识词、记词和用词”的能力。这类试题体现了“词不离句”的特点，要求学生注意单词在句子中的确切含义与正确形式，而不是孤立地死记硬背单词。 词形转换题的考查内容既有比较简单的单词变化，又有对知识的综合运用。这些变化主要包括：一种是括号内所给单词的词性不变，根据句意，仅在词形上作适当的变化，然后填入空白处。如：名词由单数形式变为复数形式、(单数或复数的)名词所有格，形容词或副词由原级变为比较级或最高级(包括特殊变化)，人称代词由主格变为宾格、物主代词或反身代词，基数词变为序数词，动词原形变为不定式、动词ing形式、过去式或过去分词等。另一种是根据句意，对括号内所给单词作词性转换，如：名词变为动词、形容词，形容词变为副词、动词、名词等。这两种变化都是2018年临沂中考词形转换的考查重点。解题技法解题技法指导指导例题精析例题精析【例】 1.There are many students living at school：the_ houses are all far from school.(child)【解析】 由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，应用其所有格形式。【答案】 childrens2They are celebrating their daughters _ birthday in the Garden Hotel.(twentyone)【解析】 根据句意“他们正在花园酒店庆祝他们女儿的二十一岁生日”可知表示“第二十一”应用序数词。【答案】 twentyfirst / 21st3Things went from bad to worse.The longer people waited for help，the _ the situation became.(danger)【解析】 句意：事情由坏向更糟糕发展，人们等待帮助的时间越长，情况就变得越危险。本题考查固定句型“越，越”，应用“The比较级，the比较级”。此题应用danger的形容词的比较级。【答案】 more dangerous4Qi Baishi was one of the most famous _in China.(art)【解析】 前文的主语“齐白石”提示下文用artist表示“画家”；且由oneofthe形容词最高级名词复数可知填artists。【答案】 artists5Nicks mother worries about his _lifestyle，though he is a college student.(healthy)【解析】 上文“担心”提示下文用healthy的反义词unhealthy修饰lifestyle，表示“不健康的生活方式”。【答案】 unhealthy6This piece of music can touch not only your heart，but also_(I)【解析】 根据句意“这首音乐不仅能打动你的心，而且能打动我的”可知，空格处指代“我的心”，其后无名词，故这里要用名词性物主代词mine。【答案】 mine7Failure isnt always bad.It can teach you _ lessons.(use)【解析】 由前句“Failure isnt always bad.”可知，失败能给予人有用的经验教训。名词lessons前面应用形容词作定语。【答案】 useful8Our manager greeted the guests _ with a smile at the entrance.(polite)【解析】 由前面的“manager greeted the guests”可知，经理对待客人很有礼貌。修饰动词短语应用副词。故填副词politely。【答案】 politely9Wild animals which are now in danger need our_(protect)【解析】 句意为“野生动物需要我们的保护。”our为形容词性物主代词，后接名词。【答案】 protection10The worlds _ glass bottom bridge was open early 2017 in Zhangjiajie.(high)【解析】 根据句意“世界上最高的玻璃桥将于2017年初在张家界对外开放”可知用最高级。【答案】 highest技法点拨技法点拨词形转换变化主要有两种：一是词的形、数、式的变化；二是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式，这一点很重要。1根据句意确定词性，单词作适当的变换。做题时根据句子的意思和相关的词类、句法知识，首先确定空白处单词的词性，再把所给的单词变换成相应的形式。例如：Mary works very_(careful)【解析】 修饰动词要用副词形式。【答案】 carefully2根据句意判断词义，落实单词的正确性。这时的词语变化主要集中在单词的变化上，也就是各种词性的变化和转换。做这类题除了要了解各种词性的变化形式，还要有语感。例如：Its dangerous to run_the street.(cross)【解析】 根据前面的动词 run和后面名词the street可知填介词。【答案】 across3形义结合，灵活运用这类试题要求很高，做题时必须“形”“义”兼顾，根据句子内容，综合运用所学知识，既要考虑用词的准确，又要考虑词形变换，有时需进行两次变形。例如：Some famous_ are going to give lectures in our university in August.(science)【解析】 要先变 science为scientist，然后根据前面的Some和后面的are将scientist变成复数形式scientists。【答案】 scientists即时运用即时运用1This bookstore sells many English _You can choose what you like.(dictionary)2I left my dictionary at home.Can I borrow _？(you)3The boy got the_ place in the singing competition.(one)4Young people working at Shanghai Disneyland are getting _ as more tourists visit the park.(busy)5_，the man hurt badly in the accident.(luck)6All the people in the world enjoy a beautiful and _life.(peace)7We all know that the Yellow River is one of the _ rivers in China.(long)dictionariesyoursfirstbusierUnluckilypeacefullongest8The worlds first computer were _ than cars.(big)They used to be so large.9There are ways to stay healthy when seasons change.You should wash your hands _，exercise，eat and sleep well.(careful)10Mr.Smith，do you think teenagers must be kept away from the Internet?No，I _ with this.The Internet can help learn more about the world.(agree)11Mary and Tony are a pair of pet pigs.The two have recently got a special license so that their _ can take them for a walk.(own)12Mr.Dean was _ to the policeman who had helped her kids arrive safely.(thank)biggercarefullydisagreeowner/ownersthankful题型题型 5 5 动词应用动词应用 动词应用题是临沂中考英语试题中的一种传统题型，主要用来测试考生对动词和非谓语动词形式的掌握情况。该题体裁多以说明文为主，兼顾记叙文，题目数量是7小题。重点考查动词的语态、时态和非谓语动词形式。语态主要考查一般现在时、一般过去时和含有情态动词的三种被动语态，时态重点考查一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时等。非谓语动词主要考查动词不定式和动名词形式。 因此，掌握好动词的各种形式及其用法是做好此类题的关键。预测2018年临沂中考的动词应用仍会沿承去年的考查重点。解题技法解题技法指导指导例题精析例题精析2016临沂中考根据短文内容，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词或情态动词。A special red bridge was found in the Lake District，Britain.The whole bridge used no glue or bolts (螺钉)It was completely made of paper!The bridge was a piece of art work.It 1._ (start) to open to the public in April，2015.The bridge was made of 22，000 pieces of paper and it 2._ (be) five meters long.The bridge became a popular tourist place.The tourists wanted to test whether it would hold their weight.“The red bridge really 3._ (stand) out in the wild countryside and makes you 4._(want) to touch it or even walk over it，” said a visitor.The special paper bridge was an art project by an environmental artist named Steve Messam.To build the paper bridge was not easy at all，and he spent three years 5._ (develop) the bridge.He used old principles(原理) from Roman times 6._(build) it.He said the 4.5 tons of paper made the bridge much stronger than oak(橡木)Even after heavy rain，the bridge wasnt influenced at all.The paper 7._ (produce) by a paper factory.After the exhibition (展览)，all the paper was recycled.【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一座用特别的纸制作的桥以及其建造过程。1【解析】 由时间状语“in April，2015”可知谓语动词用一般过去时。【答案】 started2【解析】 由前半句“was made of”可知此处也要用一般过去时。【答案】 was3【解析】 由后半句中的“makes”可知此处用一般现在时。主语为名词单数，故填stands。【答案】 stands4【解析】 make sb.do sth.“让某人做某事”，为固定用法，此处用动词原形。【答案】 want5【解析】 由spend时间doing sth.“做某事花多长时间”可知此处用动名词。【答案】 developing6【解析】 句意：他用罗马时代的旧原理去建造了它。use sth.to do sth.“用某物做某事”，此处用不定式作目的状语。【答案】 to build7【解析】 由by可知此处用被动语态，结合后句中动词的时态可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态。【答案】 was produced技法点拨技法点拨1谓语动词确定时态的方法：先判定语态，是主动语态还是被动语态，然后根据时间状语和上下文语境判断时态。2非谓语动词该题型重点考查动词不定式，兼顾动名词形式。跟动词不定式作宾语的动词(短语)有want，try，forget，hope，decide，choose，agree等。跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语有keep，finish，enjoy，look forward to等。stop，remember，forget等动词既可跟不定式也可跟动名词作宾语，但意义不同。动词let，see，hear，make，feel等后面的宾补在主动语态中常用不带to的不定式，但变为被动语态时，则要带to。常考句型：spend some time (in) doing sth.；It takes sb.some time to do sth.；too.to do sth.；Thanks / Thank you for doing sth.即时运用即时运用Passage 1Passage 1I was feeling a little sad because my mother had lost her job.One day，while I 1._ (walk) on the street，I heard that a beautiful piece of piano music 2._ (play) above the noise of the people.I walked more slowly 3._ (find) out where it was coming from.Then I saw a young lady sitting at a piano.She was singing songs about love，believing in yourself and keeping on trying.The way she was singing made me 4._ (relax)I stood there quietly，watching her playing on such a crowded New York square.I thought that she must be brave enough to perform in front of so many people.was walkingwas playedto findrelaxShe noticed me，I walked over and 5._ (tell) her how good her music sounded.“Thank you，” she said.“I have been going through a hard time recently，but youve made me hopeful again，” I said to her.“Im glad that I could help，”she replied.“Why are you so sad？”“Well，my mum 6._ (lose) her job，and Im not so sure what to do.”“Did you notice the way you were walking？Your head was down，” she said.“Dont be upset，because opportunity comes in different ways and if your head is down，you might not see it.You should smile more.lift your head up.”toldlostI looked at her，amazed at how she was encouraging me.“Why 7._ you _(play) the piano here now？” I asked her with a smile.She explained that she saw a lot of unhappy people in the world and she tried to cheer them up by playing music.I smiled a little wider，realizing that no difficulties could stop me from going on.are playingPassage 2Passage 2One day，I took my daughter to the park.As soon as we got there，my daughter 1._ (run) to the swing (秋千) and asked for a push.When I was helping my daughter，I noticed another girl trying to make her own swing 2._ (go) high by herself.Her old grandmother was sitting on the chair nearby and smiling at us.Gradually，my daughter 3._ (push) higher and higher by me.Then I walked towards the little girl.I asked if I 4._ (give) a big push to her.She smiled and said “Yes”For the next hour，I pushed the swings，and played with my daughter and the little girl.When we went home，I was tired but very happy.rangowas pushedcould giveOne day two years later，after a days work，I went to pick up my daughter before going home.While I 5._ (wait) outside the school gate，a little girl smiled sweetly at me and gave me a big hug.As I watched her running away，I realized that she was the girl whom I gave a big push in the park.So far，I 6._(not forget) her sweet smile and the warm hug that she gave me.In fact，if we give love to others，love 7._ (find) its way back to us.It may travel from heart to heart or it may blossom (开花) in the heart.The love we share，the kindness we give，and the happiness we create will come back to us with a pleasant surprise.was waitinghavent forgottenwill find题型题型 6 6 阅读表达阅读表达 该题型主要考查一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的问答。旨在考查学生对文章的确切理解能力，用英语进行表述和归纳的能力，也体现出对基础知识及综合能力的考查。值得注意的是2017年临沂中考将原来的阅读回答问题单独列为一个大题：阅读表达。解题技法解题技法指导指导例题精析例题精析2016临沂中考A tenyearold girl raised over 30，000 pounds for a childrens hospice (收容所) in just eight months.What she did was to play her violin to the people who passed by in the street.Madison Glinski from the UK.is a very caring girl.She made a New Years resolution to help poor children last year.She planned to try and raise 500 pounds for a local childrens hospice before Christmas.But since she began playing the violin in the street at Easter，she had raised a surprising 32，520 pounds by the end of the year.She also raised money by selling her own toys.Madisons mother supported her daughters idea.She said，“Madison has a musical talent.She has played the violin since the age of four.I am glad that she has used it to help others.She has a special passion (热情) and dedication (奉献) for it.”It is not the first time for Madison to help others.A few years ago，Madison asked her parents if they could all go to Africa at Christmas to help the children there.She collected toys，shoes，school things and clothes from her friends and neighbors to take to Africa.As soon as the family returned，Madison started to plan for the next trip.1How did Madison Glinski raise money for the childrens hospice?_2Who supported her idea in her family?_3How long has she played the violin?_4What did she do to help the children in Africa a few years ago?_5What do you think of Madison Glinski?_【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了十岁小女孩用自己的方式帮助贫困儿童的故事。1【解析】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第四、五句中“.，she had raised a surprising 32，520 pounds by the end of the year.She also raised money by selling her own toys.”可知是通过拉小提琴和卖她自己的玩具来募捐到善款。【答案】 She raised money by playing the violin in the street and selling her own toys. / She played her violin (to the people who passed by in the street) and sold her own toys.2【解析】 细节理解题。 根据文章第三段第一句“Madisons mother supported her daughters idea.”可知是她母亲支持她。【答案】 Her mother supported her idea.3【解析】 根据文章第三段第三句“She has played the violin since the age of four.”可知她四岁开始拉小提琴；由第一段第一句中“A tenyearold girl.”可知她现在十岁了，故推断她拉小提琴已经6年了。【答案】 She has played the violin since the age of four./ She has played the violin for 6 years.4【解析】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第三句“She collected toys，shoes，school things and clothes from her friends and neighbors to take to Africa.”可知。【答案】 She collected toys，shoes，school things and clothes from her friends and neighbors to take to Africa.5【解析】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，她是个乐于助人的富有爱心的女孩。【答案】 She is a very caring / kind / helpful girl.技法点拨技法点拨1认真审题，问什么答什么，怎么问怎么答。2答案要简洁准确。3把握好人称、时态、语态，注意问题中的人称、时态、语态与原文是否一致，不一致时要进行相应的转换。4书写要工整清晰，准确运用大小写及标点符号。即时运用即时运用Passage 1Passage 12017北京中考WhatWhats in a Name?s in a Name?Many American names come from England.But where did most English names come from?Centuries ago，most people in England had only one nametheir first name.In the 11th century，five or six of the 50 people in a village might be named William，and it was easy to get confused.But in the Middle Ages，people found a way to describe each person exactly.If there were four Williams in one village，one might be referred to as William the son of John.A second might be called William from the hill.A third，William the blacksmith(铁匠)And a fourth，William the brown haired.In conversation，people might refer to the four Williams as William Johns son，William hill，William smith，and William brown.It was 300 or 400 years before the extra(附加的)names gradually developed into last names，or surnames.They were passed on from generation to generation.By the 1300s，Robert，the son of William smith，had the name Robert smith，even if he was not a blacksmith like his father.As the last name became widely accepted，the first letter was capitalized，as in Robert Smith.By the 15th century，most people of the upper and middle classes had surnames.Many surnames were based on fatherson relations.The “son of” part was added to the fathers first name，like Johnson，meaning Johns son.Sometimes it was shortened to just “s”，as in Jones or Evans.Surnames like Hill described the place where a person lived.They are the most common type of surname.A third kind of surname was based on a persons job.Forester was someone who looked after the forest.In the Middle Ages，occupation names such as Baker，Carpenter，and Miller became common.The fourth kind of surname was nickname(绰号)A man whose surname was Bear might be as fierce as a bear.Have you ever wondered why some surnames are so common？The most common surname in the English language is Smith.Being able to make metals(金属) into tools was an important skill in the Middle Ages，and many people were trained as blacksmiths.The most common American surnames are Smith，Johnson，William and Brown.1Where do many American names come from?_2When did people find a way to describe each person exactly?_3How long did it take for extra names to develop into last names?_4What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?_5Why were many people trained blacksmith in the Middle Ages?_ _England.In the Middle Ages.300 or 400 years.Many surnames were based on fatherson relations.Because being able to make metals into tools was animportant skill in the Middles Ages.Passage 2Passage 22017贵港中考A young man entered the last interview of a company(公司)The director learnt that the young mans academic(学业的) grades were very good.“Did you get any scholarships(奖学金) in school？” the director asked.“None.” the young man answered.“Did your father pay for your school fees(学费)？” the director asked.“My father died when I was one year old，so my mother paid my school fees.” the young man answered.“Where did your mother work？” the director asked.“My mother washed clothes.” the young man said.The director looked at the young mans hands.He had a pair of smooth and perfect hands.“Have you ever helped your mother wash the clothes before？” the director asked.“Never.” the young man answered.“I have a request，” the director said.“When you go back today，wash your mothers hands，and then see me tomorrow morning.”The young man felt that his chance of getting the job was high.When he went back，he happily asked his mother to let him wash her hands.His mother felt strange，happy but with mixed feelings.She showed her hands to the kid.The young man washed his mothers hands slowly.His tears fell when he did that.It was the first time he had noticed that his mothers hands were so wrinkled(有皱纹的)He realized it was this pair of hands that helped him pay the fees.The next morning，the young man went to the directors office.“I washed my mothers hands，and I know that without my mother，I would not be the person I am today.” he said.“This is what I am looking for，”the director said.“I want a person who can appreciate (感激) the help of others to get things done.You will be a member of our company.”1Did the young man get any scholarships in school?_2Who paid for the young mans school fees?_3How did the young mans mother make money?_4What did the director ask the young man to do when he went back?_5Whats the best title of this passage?_No he didnt.His mother.His mother washed clothes and made money.He asked the young man to wash his mothers hands.A young mans interview题型题型 7 7 书面表达书面表达 书面表达是测试学生灵活运用语言进行书面交流能力的题型，它能较全面地反映同学们所掌握的语法知识、词汇知识、遣词造句和运用英语进行思维的水平。 纵观近五年的临沂中考英语试题，其命题特点如下： 1问题提示性作文此类书面表达为半开放性作文，题目要求明确，内容要点清楚，为学生提供更自由的发挥空间。2018年书面表达具有更大的开放性。 2话题贴近学生生活话题贴近学生生活，例如：2017年旅行、2016年学校里最喜欢的地方、2015年未来的生活、2014年最喜欢的老师。这些话题强调情境的真实性并力图与学生生活和社会实际相联系，以增强语言的实用性。因此同学们都有话可写，基本上能写到6080个词。巧妙地选取了真实的生活情境，充分体现了选材贴近时代、体现热点、关注学生生活需求的特点。同时，具有实现真实交际、解决实际问题的特征，较好地体现了真实性与任务型相结合的原则。解题技法解题技法指导指导例题精析例题精析 假如你是某中学初三(1)班班长李华， 请你为校报“英语园地”写一篇短文；记述前天主题班会“To Be Sent to School or Not”的讨论情况。内容要点：1What do most students think of?2What are your views and suggestions?注意：1词数：80100；2可适当发挥，以使行文连贯；3文中不要出现真实校名和人名。 To Be Sent to School or NotTo Be Sent to School or Not_【思路引导】 第一步：认真审题，确定体裁、主题、人称、时态。这篇文章是一篇提纲作文，主要分为三个内容去写。1.部分学生认为上学应该接送，省时又安全。2.部分学生认为步行或骑自行车是最好的方式，环保又健身。3.你的看法和建议。人称主要为第一、第三人称，时态以一般现在时态为主。体裁为议论文，可稍加记叙。 第三步：衔接过渡，润色成篇。中考英语作文一般采用三段作文法：第一段开门见山，提出主题；第二段是主体部分，详细叙述内容和要点、观点和理由；第三段总结，与开头呼应。针对提纲进行连句成文。 第二步：通篇布局，列出提纲。开门见山，提出主题.whether we should be sent to school or not详细叙述观点理由make sure the students are safe.more and more crowded and polluted.on foot or by bike.first of all，whats more，be good for，make our city cleaner总结并呼应开头I hope.【满分范文】We had a discussion about whether we should be sent to school or not. We have two main ideas.Some students think that it can save the students time if parents send them to school. And parents want to make sure the students are safe, especially when the weather is terrible. However, our city is more and more crowded and polluted, so other students think going to school on foot or by bike is the best way. First of all, walking to school is a wonderful way to exercise and its good for our health. Whats more, if we walk or ride a bike，there will be fewer cars in the city. More walking and less driving help make our city cleaner. The streets wont be as crowded as they are now.I hope more and more students will go to school on foot or by bike.【评析】 此范文整体行文流畅，段落分明有序，内容齐全，观点与理由陈述完整得当。具体有如下亮点：1首尾呼应，让我们感觉连贯、流畅。2由摆观点到陈述理由，由浅入深，步步递进，作者态度明确，读起来自然流畅。3使用所学的重点词组：whether.or not，make sure, more and more.，first of all，whats more，there will be.，as.as等等，彰显了作者丰富的词汇量及语言运用能力。技法点拨技法点拨1考生务必仔细审题，切忌急于下笔。对于所提供的材料要认真分析，反复推敲，抓住要点，掌握大意。在审题过程中应大概确定写作目标、文章格式、体裁等。2考生应综合分析所提供的语言信息和语言材料，找出其内在联系，把它们有机地组织起来，编拟出要点提纲。3尽量使用自己最熟悉、最有把握的句型和短语表达，但也要尽量灵活变通，使用多种句型句式，避免重复、单调。如遇到个别要点表达不出来或难以表达，可采用变通的办法，化难为易，化繁为简。总之，所造句子要正确、得体、符合英语表达习惯。4用英语思维和表达，切忌汉语式英语。5行文要连贯，语句要通顺，层次要清楚。上下文的连贯性也是评分的一条原则，因此考生应尽量使用一些表示并列、递进、转折、总结等的过渡词进行加工整理，使文章连贯、自然、流畅。6通读文章，检查改错。作文评卷是根据要点、语言准确性、上下文的连贯性来给分，根据错误多少来扣分。因此，考试时花几分钟时间用来检查错误显得尤为重要。检查错误应从以下几个方面入手：(1)查格式。特别是应用文的格式，如书信、通知等，注意检查各要素是否齐全。(2)查时态。检查通篇文章时态是否正确，特别是从句中的时态一致问题。(3)查句式。看句子成分是否完整、语序是否正确等(如宾语从句的语序)；看语言表达是否流畅，切忌将题目要求中的内容逐句译成英语。(4)查动词。看谓语动词时态是否使用得当、主谓是否一致等。(5)查习语、搭配。看作文中使用的习语、搭配是否符合英语表达习惯等。(6)查单词拼写、标点符号和大小写。尤其要注意检查动词的过去分词拼写形式、名词的单复数形式，检查书写是否规范，有无拼写、标点等笔误。即时运用即时运用一、英语课上，同学们正在准备举行以“真实的自我”为主题的演讲活动。请你以李华的名义写一篇演讲词，向同学们介绍一下自己。提示：1.What are your strong points(特长，长处)?2How do you improve yourself?3What is your dream for the future?要求：(1)演讲词须包括所有提示内容，可适当发挥；(2)演讲词中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名；(3)词数不少于60(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)。Hello，everyone!Im Li Hua and Im very happy to stand here to talk about myself._ _Thanks for your attention!Im a kind and helpful person.Imalways ready to help others when theyre in trouble.Ican sing and dance so well that I often give performance at our school party.When I think back what Ive done before，I shouldhelp my parents do more housework.Doing housework isgood for my future life.As for my dream，I want to be a teacher.Ill make friends with my kids.I want to teach them everything I know！二、2017泰安中考 如今，很多城市出现了一种绿色出行方式共享单车(bikesharing)，它因环保、便捷而备受青睐，但同时也引发了一些问题。请你根据提示以“Bikesharing”为题写一篇英语短文，表达自己的看法和建议。要点提示：Advantagesbe convenient，less pollution，reduce the traffic pressure (减缓交通压力)，take exercise.Problemsthrow away，damage(毁损)，be stolen.Advicecivilized(文明的)，follow the rules，take good care of.注意：1.短文应包括以上要点，可适当发挥，以使行文连贯；2文中不得出现真实的人名、校名及地名；3词数：80100(文章开头已给出，不计入总词数)。BikeBikesharingsharingToday, as a greener means of transportation, bikesharing is becoming more and more popular in many cities._At the same time, we should see that there are some problems caused by bikesharing.On one hand，bikesharing makes it very convenientfor traveling.You can find a bicycle anywhere at anytime when you want to go out for a cycling, and it canmake less pollution.It can also reduce the traffic pressure.On the other hand，some of the bikes are stolen.Whats more，many people deliberately damage it，like throwing it away or destroying the code above it.In my opinion, we should be more civilized aboutbikesharing. For example, we should follow the rulesand take good care of the bikes.