学习必备欢迎下载第 33 课数词之加减乘除算术式的读法：加法1. 在口语中的小数目的加法：用and 代表 “ ” 号， is 或 are 代表 “?号。如：Five and three is (or are) eight. 5 + 3 = 8 What s seven and eight? 7 + 8 = ? 2. 大数目的加法，或在比较正式的场合 用 plus 代表 “ ” 号，equals或 is 代表 “ ?”号。如：What does Two hundred and thirty-one plus a hundred and sixty-three equal? (or: What is Two hundred and thirty-one plus a hundred and sixty-three?) 231 +163 = ? 减法1. 在口语中的小数目的减法 可用以下两种方式：方法一：被减数take away减数 leaves (or is) 余数方法二：减数from 被减数 leaves (or is) 余数Four from nine leaves (or is) five. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载or: Nine take away four leaves (or is) five. 9 - 4 = 5. 2. 大数目的减法或在比较正式的场合 用 minus代表 “ ” 号，equals代表 “ ?”号。如：Four hundred and thirty-one minus a hundred and sixty-three equals two hundred and sixty-eight, right or wrong? 431 - 163 = 268 乘法1. 口语中小数目的乘法 第二个数目用复数形，等号用are 表示。如：What are three tens? 3 &#x D7;10 = ? Five eights are forty. 5 &#x D7;8 = 40 2. 大数目的乘法用times代表 “& amp;#x D7; ” 号， is 或 makes代表 “ =”号；在比较正式的场合用multiplied by代表 “& amp;#x D7; ” 号， equals代表 “?”号。如：What does fifteen times two hundred and sixty-nine make? (or : What is fifteen times two hundred and sixty-nine?) 15 &#x D7;269 = ? 15 &#x D7;289 = 4335 15 multiplied by 289 equals 4335. 除法精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载1. 小数目的除法有两种方式：方法一：用divided by 代表 “& amp;#x F7; ” 号， equals代表 “?”号。方法二：除数into 被除数 goes 余数 用于会话中。Three into eighteen goes five. or: Eighteen divided by three equals five. 18 &#x F7;3 = 5. 2. 大数目的除法同方法一。What does six hundred and sixty-seven divided by twenty-three equal? 667 &#x F7;23 = ? 第 34 课awake or asleep？- 只用于叙述的形容词一. 放在联系动词或动词的被动语态后,解释主语的形容词,和放在动词 + 宾语后 ,解释宾语的形容词都属于形容词的叙述用法。二 . 形容词 afraid(恐怕 ), asleep(睡着 ), awake(醒来 ),alike(相似的), alone(孤 单的), alive(活着的 ), apart(分隔的；意见分歧的) 等只能（或多数情况下）作叙述用法。这些形容词一般不能直接用副词very 修饰。Hi, Mary, are you all alone by yourself? 嗨，玛丽，就你自己一个人吗？You men are very much alike. 你们男人都一个样儿。Hey, are you awake or asleep? 嘿，你是醒着还是睡着呢？I doubt whether he is still alive. 我怀疑他是否还活着。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载I am really afraid now. 我现在真的害怕了。第 35 课副词的位置与排列一. 副词的位置( 一) 1. 副词可以修饰动词,包括不定词、动名词和分词,通常位于被修饰的动词后面;修饰及物动词时 ,一般放在宾语的后面。They walked slowly. 他们走得很慢。slowly修饰动词walked。The snow continued to fall heavily. 雪继续下得很大。heavily修饰不定词to fall。I enjoy driving slowly in the golden morning sun. 我喜欢在清晨金色的阳光下悠然地驾车。slowly修饰动名词driving。I enjoy walking slowly in the golden morning sun. 我喜欢在清晨金色的阳光下悠然地散步。slowly修饰动名词walking。We saw a boat coming quickly toward us. 我们看到小船很快地朝我们驶来。quickly修饰现在分词coming。Taken separately, they are easy to solve. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载分开处理容易解决。separately修饰过去分词taken 。2. 副词修饰动词,放在句首时 ,起强调的作用。Quickly, he stood up to catch the butterfly. 他飞快地站起来去捉蝴蝶。3. 肯定否定副词或频率副词多置于一般动词之前,但通常要放在助动词、 联系动词 BE 之后。He never spoke about his own merits. 他从不说起他自己的功绩。We may never see him again. 我们也许再也见不到他。He is often late for school. 他常上学迟到。( 二) 修饰形容词的副词通常放在该形容词的前面。This is a very funny film. 这是一部非常有趣的电影。This room is fairly small. 这个房间相当小。This kitchen is not big enough. 这个厨房不够大。The number of the money is big enough. 钱的数目足够大了。副词 enough修饰形容词时 ,要放在被修饰的形容词之后。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载( 三) 副词在修饰其他副词时,置于被修饰副词之前。He drivesextremely fast. 他车开得非常快。副词 extremely修饰副词fast 。Do it right now. 马上就做。副词 right修饰副词now 。He didnt run fast enough to catch the thief. 他跑得不够快没能追上那个贼。副词 enough, indeed等在修饰副词时,置于被修饰副词之后。( 四) 副词修饰基数词时,一般置于被修饰的数词之前。They are going to stay here fully six months. 他们将要在这里停留整六个月。副词 fully修饰基数词six 。This car cost me over ten thousand dollars. 这辆车花掉了我一万多美元。副词 over修饰基数词ten thousand。( 五) 副词修饰介系词片语,一般置于被修饰的介系词片语之前。This long nail went right through the plank. 这根长钉子完全穿透了木板。副词 right修饰介系词片语through the wall。She made her application well within the term. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载她正好在这段期间内提出申请。副词 well 修饰介系词片语within the term。( 六) 1. 副词修饰子句时,一般放在被修饰的子句之前。There was a knock at the door just as we were about to have dinner. 我们正要吃晚饭的时候有人敲门。副词 just修饰副词子句as we were about to have dinner。2. 副词也可以修饰整个句子,通常位于句首,若置于句尾可能被认为是修饰动词造成语意的偏差。Happily he went with them. 他高兴地跟他们走了。happily修饰全句。He threw himself onto the sofa heavily. 他重重地坐到了沙发上。heavily修饰动词threw。3. 修饰全句的副词置于句中或句末时必须用逗点隔开,如无逗点隔开易被认为是修饰动词,而放在句首时则逗点可有可无。She, apparently, wants to say something. 她显然想要说点什么。He escaped being killed in the car accident, fortunately. 很幸运他没在车祸中丧命。( 七) 1. 少数副词可以修饰名词及名词同等语,通常放在被修饰名词的前面,如: also, very, even, just, only, not, nearly, especially, exactly, simply, rather, quite 等。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载Even a child can do it. 甚至小孩也能做到。副词 even修饰名词片语a child。Only she could come. 只有她能来。副词 only修饰代名词she. 2. 某些副词要置于被修饰的名词之后。I met her the week before. 上星期我见过她。副词 before修饰名词week. See the notes below. 参考下面的注解。副词 below修饰名词 notes. He, too, loves her. 他也爱她。too 修饰 he, 要放在 he 之后。二. 副词的排列顺序1. 副词的排列顺序是指在一个句子中有多个副词时,一般要按情状副词、地方副词、频率副词、时间副词的顺序排列。The man runs slowly along the river at six oclock every morning. 这个人每天早上六点钟慢慢地沿着河边跑步。Im used to getting up early at six oclock every morning. 我习惯每天早上六点钟早早起床。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载2. 在句子中若有多个时间副词,要从短时间到长时间排列。He woke up at six in the morning on the fifth of October. 他在十月五日早上六点醒来。I broke my legs in the evening on the fifth of October last year. 去年十月五日的晚上我摔断了双腿。3. 在句子中若有多个地方副词,要从小地方到大地方排列。I met him at a bar in a small town in New York State. 我在纽约州的一座小镇的酒吧里遇到了他。I met a beggar at the gate of a park in a small town in London one day. 一天我在伦敦一座小镇的公园门口遇到一个乞丐。第 36 课副词的作用1. 副词可以修饰动词,包括不定词、 动名词和分词 ,通常位于被修饰的动词后面; 修饰及物动词时 ,一般放在宾语的后面。I am trying hard to reach the button. 我在努力构这个按钮。They walked slowly. 他们走得很慢。I enjoy driving slowly in the golden morning sun. 我喜欢在清晨金色的阳光下悠然地驾车。We saw a boat coming quickly toward us. 我们看到小船很快地朝我们驶来。肯定否定副词或频率副词多置于一般动词之前,但通常要放在助动词、联系动词BE 之后。You may never reach it. 你也许永远构不到它。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载He never spoke about his own merits. 他从不说起他自己的功绩。We may never see him again. 我们也许再也见不到他。He is often late for school. 他常上学迟到。2. 修饰形容词的副词通常放在该形容词的前面。Youre too short. 你太矮了。This is a very funny film. 这是一部非常有趣的电影。This room is fairly small. 这个房间相当小。副词可以修饰形容词的比较级或最高级。You are much taller than I am. 你比我高多了。I feel much better today. 我今天感觉好多了。The piece of cake I got was almost the largest. 我得到的蛋糕差不多是最大的一块。3. 副词在修饰其他副词时,置于被修饰副词之前。You must run very fast. 你一定跑得很快吧。He drivesextremely fast. 他车开得非常快。Do it right now. 马上就做。副词修饰其他副词的比较级或最高级。He runs much faster than I. 他跑得比我快多了。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载This cake ought to be good, because I used the very best of all cream. 这个蛋糕应该很好,因为我用了奶油中最好的。4. 少数副词可以修饰名词及名词同等语,通常放在被修饰名词的前面,如: also, very, even, just, only, not, nearly, especially, exactly, simply, rather, quite 等。Even a girl can do it. Only you cant. 甚至女孩儿也能做到。就是你不行。Even a child can do it. 甚至小孩也能做到。Only she could come. 只有她能来。5. 副词修饰基数词时,一般置于被修饰的数词之前。I see you standing there almost one hour. 我看见你站在那儿整整一小时了。They are going to stay here fully six months. 他们将要在这里停留整六个月。This car cost me over ten thousand dollars. 这辆车花掉了我一万多美元。当副词修饰序数词时,序数词的前面应有一个限定词。We countedapproximately the first thousand votes. 我们数了大约首批千张选票。第 37 课副词的构成1. 许多副词 ,尤其是情状副词,是由形容词加ly 或其变体构成的。规则 1: 一般直接加ly 。brave bravely; quietquietly He was standing there quietly and smiling at me. 他静静地站在那里，冲着我微笑。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载规则 2: 以 ble, gle或 ple 作结尾的 ,去掉 e 加 y。able ably; simplesimply 规则 3: 以子音 +y作结尾的 ,将 y 改成 i, 再加 ly 。angry angrily; busybusily; easy easily; happyhappily I was busily cooking the fish in the kitchen. 我正在厨房忙着煮鱼。He took the fish and left laughing happily. 他拿着鱼，快乐地笑着离开了。但 dry, sly后面还可直接加ly 。dry dryly(drily); slyslyly(slily) 规则 4: 以 ll 作结尾的 ,只加 y。full fully; dull dully 规则 5: 以 ful 为字尾的 ,直接加 ly 。useful usefully; harmfulharmfully 规则 6: 以 ue 或 ole 结尾的 ,去掉 e 加 ly。true truly; dueduly; whole wholly I wholly believe what you said. 我完全相信你说的。规则 7: 以 ic 为字尾的 ,加 ally 。heroicheroically; automaticautomatically; democraticdemocratically但 public后面直接加ly 。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载public publicly 2. 有些以 ly 作结尾的字不是副词,而是形容词 ,如: friendly(友好的 ),lovely(可爱的 )。3. 有些副词不以ly 作结尾 ,如: quite(非常 ),perhaps(或许 ),then(那时 )。He is a quite lovely boy with wings. 他是一个相当可爱的长着翅膀的男孩子。4.有些字如high, low, near, far , fast, hard, early, late, little, much, enough, pretty,副词与形容词同形 ,但意义不一定相同。She is a pretty girl. 她是个漂亮的姑娘。pretty(漂亮的 ), 用作形容词。She is pretty clever. 她相当聪明。pretty(很), 用作副词。He said that I was a pretty girl and my cooking smelt pretty great. 他说我是个漂亮姑娘，而且我的煮的菜闻起来相当棒。5. 在名词或形容词的字头加a。如head ahead way away side aside loud aloud 。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 14 页学习必备欢迎下载6. 名词字尾加wise, ward, wards, way。clock clockwise back backward(s) north northward(s) side sideways half halfway 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 14 页