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学习必备欢迎下载形容词和副词用法总结及练习形容词(一)概念:形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征,通常可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类, 其位置不一定都放在名词前面。1. 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词。【难点】2. 叙述形容词只能作表语, 所以又称为表语形容词, 这类形容词大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid, asleep, awake,alone等。(二)形容词的种类1. 品质形容词:英语中大量形容词属于这一类, 他们表示人或物的品质, 如:The play was boring. 那出戏很枯燥乏味。You have an honest face. 你有一张诚实的脸。2. 颜色形容词有少数表示颜色的形容词,如:She had on a blue coat. 她穿了一件蓝色的外套。3. -ing 形容词:有大量现在分词正在或已经变为形容词,如:4. ed形容词:它们是由它们的过去分词变过来的,一般有被动意义,多数为品质形容词,如:She looked tired. 5. 合成形容词:warm-hearted 热心的,heart-breaking 令人心碎的(三)形容词的用法和在句中的位置1、形容词在句中主要可用作:1)定语:What a fine day! 2)表语:She looks happy. 3)宾语的补语(构成合成宾语) :Do you think it necessary? 你认为这有必要吗?4)状语:He arrived home, hungry and tired. 他又饿又累的回到家里。2、形容词在句中的位置:有的形容词放在被修饰的名词之前,称为前置形容词;少数形容词放在被修饰的名词之后,称为后置形容词。1)当名词被多个前置形容词修饰时,形容词之间有一个先后顺序问题。一般规则为:(限定词)一般描绘性形容词 表示大小、 长短、高低的形容词 表示年龄、新旧的形容词 表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词 表示物质、材料的形容词 (名词) 。如:There is a famous fine old stone bridge near the village. 村子附近有一座著名的漂亮的古代石桥。【重点】2)当形容词词组 相当于一个定语从句时, 或形容词用来修饰somebody, 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载something, anything, nothing 等的时候,便会出现后置形容词。如:The boy interested in music is my brother. 对音乐赶兴趣的那个男孩是我弟弟。Do you have anything interesting to tell us? 你有什么趣闻告诉我们吗?副词2.1 什么是副词副词(adverb)修饰动词、形容词和其他副词等,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。如: often 往往, here这里, very 很,quickly 很快地。2.2 副词的构成1)本身就是副词,如now 现在, there那里, rather颇。2)由形容词加词尾 -1y 变来,如 firmly 坚决地, happi1y 幸福地。3)与形容词同形early adj. 早的 early adv. 早high adj. 高的 high adv. 高高地long adj. 长的,长久的 long adv. 长久地2.3 副词的种类副词可分为下列几种:1)普通副词 (ordinary adverb)如:together一起,well 好,seriously 认真地, slowly慢,carefully 小心地。2)疑问副词 (interrogative adverb)如:when何时, where何地,how 如何, why 为何。3)关系副词 (relative adverb)如:where,when。4)连接副词 (conjunctive adverb)如:then 然后, so所以, thereore 所以, however然而, hence所以, thus这样, nevertheless然而, otherwise否则, still 可是,仍然。2.4 副词的用法副词在句中可用作:1)状语(这是副词在句子中的主要功用) It is raining hard.雨下得很大。 (副词 hard作状语,修饰动词is raining。) Dont drive too fast. 车子不要开得太快。 (fast 是副词,作状语,修饰动词drive,副词 too 又修饰副词 fast。) He speaks English quite well.他英语讲得相当好。 (well 修饰动词 speaks ,quite 又修饰副词 well。) This is a fairly useful tool,这是一件相当有用的工具。(fairly 修饰形容词 useful) He has always helped his sister with her homework. 他一向帮助他妹妹做家庭作业。(always 修饰动词 has helped) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载She often went there. 她常到那儿去。 (often 和 there均是副词,修饰动词went。) Perhaps he will telephone later.也许他以后会打电话来的。(perhaps是副词,用以修饰全句。 ) 2)表语Is he up? 他起床了没有 ? She is out. 她出去了。3)定语Life here is full of joy. 这儿的生活充满了欢乐。 (here 修饰名词 life) 2.5 副词的位置1)修饰动词时,有三种位置。2)修饰形容词和副词时,须放在被修饰词之前。如:It is a rather difficult job ,这是一件颇为困难的工作。(rather修饰形容词 difficult) He runs very fast. 他跑得很快。 (very 修饰副词 fast) 3)副词作定语时,一般放在被修饰的名词之后。如:The peasants there are busy digging a canal now.那里的农民现在正忙于修水渠。On my way home, I met groups of Young Pioneers. 在回家的路上我遇见成群的少先队员。形容词的比较等级:(一)形容词的比较级和最高级的构成1单音节词和少数双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成情况构成方式原级比较级最高级一般情况加-er 或-est new long newer longer newest longest 以 e 结尾的词加-r 或-st fine late finer later finest latest 以 “ 辅音 +y” 结尾的词变 y 为 i 再加-er 或-est early happy earlier happier earliest happiest 重 读 闭 音 节 的词 末 尾 只 有 一个辅音字母先 双 写 辅 音 字母,再加 -er 或-est hot thin fat hotter thinner fatter hottest thinnest fattest 2 多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加more 或 most。如:原级比较级最高级useful more useful most useful difficult more difficult most difficult delicious more delicious most delicious 【重点】3有几个形容词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化。原级比较级最高级good/well better best bad/ill worse worst 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载many/much more most little less least far farther farthest old older oldest (二) 形容词比较级的用法1形容词的比较级可以单独使用:Be more careful next time. 下次小心点。Which book is better? 哪本书更好?2也可以和 than连用,表示两者相比, than后可以跟:a. 名词或代词:He is older than me / I . 他年龄比我大。b. 动名词:Skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比滑冰更刺激。c. 从句:I was a better singer than he was. 我唱歌比他好。(三) 形容词比较级的修饰语1形容词比较级前可加much, a lot, a bit, a little, slightly 之类表示程度的状语:Hes feeling much better today. 他感到今天好多了。2也可在比较级前any, no, some, even, still这类词:Do you feel any better today? 你今天感觉好一点了吗?3比较级前还可加其他表示数量的词:My sister is ten years younger than me. 我妹妹比我小十岁。(四) 形容词最高级用法1the + 最高级 + 比较范围1)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the,例如:The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。说明 形容词 most 前面没有 the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示非常。例如:It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 这是个很重要的问题。 注意:使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。(错)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. (对)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers. 2) 下列词可修饰最高级, by far, far, much, mostly, almost 。例如:This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 这帽子差不多是最大的了。 注意:序数词通常只修饰最高级。例如:Africa is the second largest continent. 非洲是第二大洲。3) 最高级的意义有时可以用比较级表示出来。例如:Mike is the most intelligent in his class. 或者:Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class. (五)形容词最高级的特殊用法精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载1. 形容词最高级可用作表语,这时定冠词the 可以省略。例句: I think her plan is best. 我认为她的计划最好。2.形容词最高级还可和at 构成许多短语作状语,如at best, at least, at most等。例句: I ll be with you at latest by ten. 我最迟十点钟就来陪你。四、副词的比较等级:(一)概念:副词和形容词一样,也有原级、比较级和最高级三个等级。其构成方式有规则变化和不规则变化两种情况。规则变化的一般规律是: 单音节词的比较级和最高级在词尾加-er 或-est; 多音节词以及 -ly 结尾的副词(early 除外) ,前面加 more 或 most.。不规则的变化式只能采用“ 各个击破” 的办法去记忆。1)规则变化原级比较级最高级soon loud fast wide early happily carefully sooner louder faster wider earlier more happily more carefully soonest loudest fastest widest earliest most happily most carefully 2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级well badly little much far better worse less more farther(距离)further(程度)best worst least most farthest furthest (二)副词的比较级的用法1、单独使用:Try to do better next time. 下次争取干好一点。Hell come back sooner or later.他迟早会回来的。Please speak more slowly. 请讲慢一点。2、和 than一起使用:He swims better than I do. 他游泳游得比我好。Can you do any better than that? 你能不能干的好一些?He arrived earlier than usual. 他到的比平时早。3、比较级前可有状语修饰:You must work much faster. 你必须大大加快干活的速度。Can you come over a bit more quickly? 你能稍稍快点来吗?4. as as 和 not so as 结构这两个结构也可结合副词使用:1) asas 可用在肯定句中,表示“ 像一样” ,后面的副词要用原级:精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载She can run as fast as a deer. 她能跑的像鹿一样快。2)在否定句中, asas和 soas都可以用:I don t go there as much as I used. 我现在到那里不象过去那么多了。I didnt do as(so) well as I should.我做的不如我应做的那么好。3)这种句子中也可以有一个表示程度的状语:She can read twice as fast as he does. 她阅读的速度比他快一倍。(三)副词最高级的用法:副词最高级可修饰动词,前面多数不带定冠词the: He laughs best who laughs last. ( 谚语) 谁笑在最后谁笑的最好。Of the four of us, I sang (the) worst. 我们四人中我唱的最差。(四)副词比较级和最高级的一些特殊用法:副词比较级和最高级还可用在一些特别结构或短语中。1)more and more 越来越 :It rained more and more heavily. 雨下得越来越大了。She went farther and farther away. 她越走越远了。2)the more the more 越,越:The more I work, the more I accomplish. 我干得越多,完成的就越多。3)had better 最好:We d better not distur b him. 我们最好不要打扰他。What had we better do? 我们最好怎么办?基础知识练习(形容词和副词)1.Peter looked _ when he learned that he hadnt passed the final exam.A, sadly B, sad C, happily D, happy 2.Jack did badly at the school sports meeting. I did even _. A, worse B, worst C, more bad D, more badly 3.Billy, is your mother cooking meat in the kitchen? It smells so _! A, well B, badly C, nice D, pretty 4.Your idea sounds much _ than his. A, interesting B, interested C, more interesting D, more interested 5.We must finish cleaning the office _. A, as soon as possible B, as quickly as soon C, as possible as soon D, as soon as possibly 6.He hasn t got a very _ voice, but he sings very _.A, good, well B, good, good C, well, well D, well, good 7.I didnt work _ my brother when I was young.A, as hard as B, harder C, hardest D, hardly 8.I m going to move _. Its too noisy in our neighborhood.A, somewhere quiet B, quiet somewhere C, anywhere D, quiet anywhere 9.Last year, 15 typhoons ( 台风) hit China and Japan was _. A, strong B, strongest C, stronger D, the strongest 10.Its a good habit to keep the classroom _ all the time.A, cleanly B, clearly C, clear D, clean 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载11.E-mailing is much _ than long distance calling. A, cheap B, cheaper C, cheapest D, the cheapest 12.Simon looks _ today and smiles _ all the time. A, happy, happy B, happily, happily C, happy, happily D, happily, happy 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 7 页
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