xxxx 职称英语卫生类职称英语卫生类 B B 级真题及答案级真题及答案第 1 局部：词汇选项(第 1-15 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分) 下面每个中均有 1 个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线局部确定1 个意义最为接近的选项。1.It was unfortunate that she had erased the message.A. heard of B. rubbed out C. looked at D. spoken out2.He was obsessed with American horror movies.A. kept thinking about B. took advantage ofC. paid no attention to D. cared nothing about3. The firemen made a spectacular rescue yesterday.A. timely B. wonderful C. clever D. cooperative4. I have earned a lot of money，but that is not theissue.A. goal B. task C. point D. key5 He endured unbearable agonies before he finallypassed away.A. left B. died C. relaxed D. key6 The union called off the strike at the last minuteyesterday.A. staged B. lengthened C. organized D. cancelled.7. Oil leaking from a boat or ship may pose a hazard todrinking water.A. odor B. danger C. disease D. smell8. There has been a lot of debate among us about thenecessity to save money.A. discussion B. talk C.suggestions D.ideas9. Your ausation is wholly without foundation.A. almost B. probably C.pletely D. evidently10. The woman living next door is extremely slender.A. tall B. weak C.slim D. pale11. He came back home fatigued.A. exhausted B. scared C. worried D. frightened12. She was unwilling to go, but she had no choice.A. ready B. angry C. sorry D. reluctant13. The economy continued to exhibit signs of declinein October.A. mark B. record C. carry D. show14. I believe that her aount of what happened is veryaurate.A. simple B. vivid C. close D. satisfied15. He based his conclusion on the evidence given bythe prisoner.A. offered B. worked C. made D. satisfied参考答案：1-15：BABCB DBACC ADDDC第 2 局部：阅读判断(第 16-22 题，每题 1 分，共 7 分)下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是 正确信息，请选择 A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请 选择 C。Baseline Exam Is Key to Eye HealthEven people with no signs or risk factors for eyedisease can suffer vision loss and need to get baseline (基线) eye exams at age 40, says the American Academy ofOphthalmology The reminder (提示) is part of the AAOsEyeSmart campaign to mark Save Your Vision Month inFebruary.Many eye diseases progress without any warning signs,Dr. Stephanie Marioneaux,a initical correspondent for theAAO, said in a prepared statement. Gradual changes invision can affect your ability to function independentlyand have confidence in your abilities. Based on the findings from the initial screening, aneye doctor will create a schedule for follow-up eye exams.People of any age who have symptoms of eye disease orare at high risk due to family history, diabetes (糖尿病)or high blood pressure should consult with their eye doctorto determine how often they should have their eyes checked,the AAO remends.By 2021, 43 million Americans will be at significantrisk for vision loss or blindness due to age-related eyediseases such as cataracts (白内障) and glaua (青光眼)Thats a more than 50 percent increase over the currentnumber of Americans with such vision-threatening diseases.But many Americans are unconcerned about the risk ofvision loss. Only 23 percent of Americans are veryconcerned about losing their vision, while most feel weightgain and joint or back pain are greater worries than visionloss, aording to an AAO survey conducted for its EyeSmartcampaign.16. People with no signs of eye disease dont need anyeye exams.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned17. Changes in vision cannot affect peoples lives.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned18. Theres a great shortage of eye doctors in the US.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned19. High blood pressure is one of the risk factors foreye disease.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned20. Older people are at higher risk for vision loss orblindness.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned21 Most Americans are worried about the risk of visionloss.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned22 eigh gain and joint or back pain are big worries inEurope.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned参考答案：16-22：BBCAA BC第 3 局部：概括大意和完成句子(第 23-30 题，每题 1 分，共 8分)下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 23-26 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为指定段落每段选 择 1 个小标题;(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定一个最正确选项。Ebola Outbreak1 You are likely aware that several countries in WestAfrica are battling an Ebola outbreak. Ebola is a dangerousand often lethal viral infection. Scientists believe thathumans contracted the virus by eating the meal of rareanimals. It is now believed that bats are the primarycarries of the virus.2 To date, there are only three major countries in WestAfrica experiencing a major outbreak: Sierra Leone, Liberiaand Guinea. However, other countries such as Nigeria havereported confirmed cases of Ebola within their borders.3 Unless you recently visited one of the three affectedWest countries, your risk of contracting the virus isvirtually zero. Unlike other recent airborne virusoutbreaks like SARS, the Ebola virus can only be spreadthrough direct contact with an infected person.Specifically, Ebola is spread through contact with bodyfluids. Though, the virus is transmittable，only aninfected person exhibiting symptoms is municable.4 The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific andpatients typically exhibit them after a week of contractingthe virus. Symptoms may appear as early as two days or aslate as three weeks after initial infection. Symptomsinclude disgust, weakness and stomach pain. More unmonsymptoms include chest pain, bleeding and sore throat.5 Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attackand replicate in every organ of the body. This causes anoverstimulation of the body，s inflammatory response,causing the flu-like symptoms. The virus also causesbleeding and impairs the bodys normal clotting mechanism(凝血机制)，making bleeding even more severe. Loss of bloodvolume and decreased organ perfusion (器官灌注)ultimatelylead to organ failure and death.6 The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreakin over 35 years. While diseases such as the malaria (疱疾)are far more municable, Ebola is one of the worldsmost fatal viral infections. Ebolas fatality rate exceedsthat of SARS.Paragraph 2Paragraph 3Paragraph 4Paragraph 5A Am I at risk of contracting the virus?B How do I know if I have contracted the virus?C What caused the Ebola outbreak?D What exactly does Ebola do to the body?E Is the current outbreak the deadliest?F What areas are currently affected727 The initial Ebola outbreak was found in28 The difference between SARS and Ebola viruses I29 The symptoms of the patients after being infected30 The Ebola virus transmits by contact with lies inmay first appearA infected body fluidsB the mode of transmissionC within a wide range of daysD three countries in West AfricaE against the outbreak severityF the initial days of being infected参考答案：23-30：DAC EECFA第 4 局部：阅读理解(第 31-45 题，每题 3 分，共 45 分)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定 1 个最正确选项。第一篇 More American Getting High Blood PressureThe number of Americans with high blood pressure is onthe rise thanks in large part to growing rates of obesity(过度月巴胖)，researchers said on Tuesday.But increasing numbers of those with high bloodpressure, also called hypertension are getting thecondition treated, researchers from the US governmentsNational Institutes of Health (NIH) wrote in the journalHypertention.High blood pressure can lead to stroke, heart attack,heart failure or kidney (Jff) failure. It is sometimescalled the “silent killer” because it has no symptoms,and many people have it for years without knowing it.Data spanning six years through xx showed that 29percent of US adults had high blood pressure, pared to 24percent in the six-year period ending in 1994，theresearchers said.“The percentage of the population with high bloodpressure is going the wrong way -its increasing，” Dr.Jeffrey Cutler of the NIHs National Heart, Lung, andBlood Institute said in a telephone interview.Some of the leading factors behind high blood pressureinclude being obese or overweight, not getting regularphysical activity, smoking and too much salt in the diet.The study showed blacks continued to have higher ratesof high blood pressure than whites.During the 1999-xx period, 61 percent of those withhigh blood pressure were undergoing treatment for it and 35percent had their blood pressure under control, theresearchers said. A number of different drugs are used totreat hypertension.The finding were based on data on a nationallyrepresentative sample of 16,351 US adults for 1988- 1994and 14,430 adults for 1999-xx.31 The number of Americans with hypertension is A ?smaller than beforeA. the same as beforeB. greater than beforeC. hard to calculate32. Hypertension may lead toA. strokeB. heart attackC. kidney failureD. all of the above33. Hypertension is sometimes called the “silentkiller” becauseA. its causes remain unknownB. it often has no symptomsC. its a lifelong conditionD. it9s treated secretly.34. Twenty-nine percent of US adults had hypertensionA. during the 1999-xx periodB. during the 1988-xx periodC during the 1994-1999 periodD. during the 1988-1994 period35. which of the following is NOT a likely cause ofhypertension?A.Constant smokingB. Obesity or overweightC. Regular physical activity.D. Too much salt in the diet参考答案：31-45：CDBACDangers Await Babies with AltitudeWomen who live in the worlds highest munities tend togive birth to under-weight babies, a new study suggests.These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heartdisease and strokes.Research has hinted that newborns in mountain munitiesare lighter than average. But it wasnt clear whether thisis due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or becausetheir mothers are undernourished many people who live athigh altitudes are relatively poor pared with those livinglower down.To find out more，Dino Giussani and his team atCambridge University studied the records of 400 births inBolivia during 1997 and 1998. The babies were bom in bothrich and poor areas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz.La Paz is the highest city in the world, at 3.65 kilometersabove sea level, while Santa Cruz is much lower, at 0.44kilometers.Sure enough, Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than inSanta Cruz. This was true in both high and low-ine families.Even babies bom to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavieron average than babies bom to wealthy families in lofty LaPaz. “We were very surprised by this result，saysGiussani.The results suggest that babies bom at high altitudeare deprived of oxygen before birth. “This may trigger therelease or suppression of hormones that regulate growth ofthe unborn child, “says Giussani.His team also found that high-altitude babies tended tohave relatively larger heads pared with their bodies. Thisis probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will sendoxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest ofthe body.Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higherrisk of disease in later life. People bom in La Paz mightbe prone to heart trouble in adulthood, for example. Lowbirth weight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease.And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weightare often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes inlater life.32. What does the new study discover?A. Babies bom to wealthy families are heavierB. Women living at high altitudes tend to give birth tounderweight babiesC. Newborns in cities are lighter than averageD. Low-altitude babies have a high risk of heartdisease in later life33. Giussan and his team are sure thatA. babies bom in La Paz are on average lighter than inSanta CruzB. people living in La Paz are poorer than those inSanta CruzC. the birth weight of babies bom to wealthy familiesis above averageD. mothers in La Paz are monly under-nourished34. It can be inferred from what Giussan says inParagraph 4 thatA. he was very tiredB. the study took longer than expectedC. the finding was unexpectedD. he was surprised to find low-ine families in La Paz35. The results of the study indicate the reason forthe birth of underweight babies isA. lack of certain nutrition B .reduction of oxygenlevelsA. poverty of their mothers D .different familybackgrounds40. It can be learnt from the last paragraph thatA. underweight babies have a shorter life spanB. babies bom to poor families lack certain hormonesbefore birth.C. high-altitude babies tend to have high bloodpressure in their later lifeD. newborns in wealthy families have larger heads paredwith their bodies.参考答案：BACBA第三篇 New US Plan for Disease PreventionUrging Americans to take responsibility for theirhealth, Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompsonon Tuesday launched a $ 15 million program to try toencourage munities to do more to prevent chronic diseaseslike heart disease, cancer and diabetess (糖尿病).The initiative (建议)highlights the cost of chronicdiseasethe leading causes of death in the United Statesand outlines ways that people can prevent them, includingbetter diet and increased exercise.“In the United States today，7 of 10 deaths and thevast majority of serious illness, disability and healthcare costs are caused by chronic diseases，the Healthand Human Services Department said in a statement. Thecauses are often behavioralsmoking, poor eating habitsand a lack of exercise.“I am convinced that preventing disease by promotingbetter health is a smart policy choice for our future,55Thompson told a conference held to launch the initiative.“Our current health care system is not structured to dealwith the rising costs of treating diseases that are largelypreventable through changes in our lifestyle choices.”Thompson said heart disease and stroke will cost thecountry more than $351 billion in xx. “These leadingcauses of death for men and women are largely preventable,yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary forus to lead healthier, longer lives，” he said.The $ 15 million is scheduled to go to munities topromote prevention, pushing for changes as simple asbuilding sidewalks to encourage people to walk more. Dailyexercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heartdisease and diabetes, and prevent cancer and strokes.The money will also go to munity organizations, clinicsand nutritionists (营养学家)who are being encouraged towork together to educate people at risk of diabetes aboutwhat they can do to prevent it and encourage more cancerscreening.The American Cancer Society estimates that half of allcancers can be caught by screening. If such cancers wereall caught by early screening, the Society estimates thatthe survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.41. The $15 million program is aimed atA. promoting disease preventionB. building more sidewalksC. helping needy munitiesD. wiping out chronic diseases42. Which of the following is NOT true of chronicdiseases in the US?A. They often result in unhealthy lifestyles.B. They aount for 70% of all deaths.C. They are responsible for most of the health carecosts.D. They are largely preventable43 The author mentions all the following as ways ofdisease prevention EXCEPTA. better dietB. daily screeningC. more exerciseD. reduction on smoking44. The passage indicates that more money spent ondisease prevention will meanA. greater responsibility of the governmentB. less money needed for disease treatmentC. higher costs of health careD. more lifestyle choices for people45. Early cancer screening can help reducesignificantlyA. the death rates for all chronic diseasesB. the kinds of cancer attacking peopleC. the cancer incidence rateD. the cancer death rate参考答案： AABDD第 5 局部：补全短文(第 46-50 题，每题 2 分，共 10 分)下面的短文有 5 处空白，短文后有 6 个句子，其中 5 个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别 放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。Lung CancerThe death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increasedmore than 800 percent in males and has more than doubled infemales during the last 25 years. (46) There are manypossible causes, but it is still controversial which aremost blameworthy. Those factors which have been mentionedmost frequently are the presence of foreign particles andother irritants in the air (smoke particles, smog, exhaustfumes), and the smoking of cigarettes and cigars.(47) Among heavy smokers 21 to 30 cigarettes per daythe mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times therate from nonsmokers. It is expected the death rate amongwomen will increase as the present high rate of smokingamong women has its effect.Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at thetime an x-ray is taken for the purpose of detectingtuberculosis. Too often, however, a current emphasis uponthe danger of exposure to radiation 1 from X-ray machinescan frighten people away from routine chest X-rays and thusprevent an early diagnosis of lung cancer.(48) Modem X-ray machines in petent hands pose suchslight danger,at least to those over 40 years of age, thatthis would be much more than offset by the advantages ofdiscovering a tumor while it is small enough to be pletelyremoved.3(49) The tumor may grow until the bronchus is blocked,cutting off6 the supply of air to that lung. The lung thencollapses, and the secretions trapped in the lung spacesbee infected, with a resulting pneumonia or the formationof a lung abscess. Such a lung cancer can also spread tocause secondary growths in the lymph nodes7 of the chestand neck as well as in the brain and other parts of thebody. The only treatment that offers a possibility of cure,before secondary growths have had time to form, is toremove the lung pletely. (50)Malignant tumors of the stomach, the breast, theprostate gland8 and other organs may spread to the lungs,causing secondary growths.A. This operation is called pneumonectomy.B. It is considerably higher in urban and industrialareas than in rural districts.C. Routine X-ray chest examination is not dangerous.D. Numerous studies have demonstrated a strikingcorrelation between the death rate from lung cancer andsmoking habits.E. Early detection is absolutely essential if anypossibility of cure is to be maintained.F. A mon form of lung cancer is bronchogeniccarcinoma4，so-called because the malignancy originates in5a bronchus.参考答案：46-50：BDEFA第 6 局部：完形填空(第 51-65 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分)下面的短文有 15 处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1 个最正确选项。Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immunes System a BoostEating potatoes is not only good for bowel health, butalso for the whole immune system, especially when they e inthe (51) of a potato salad or eaten cold. In a study on ananimal model, researchers in Spain found that pigs (52)with large quantities of raw potato starch (RPS)1 not onlyhad a healthier bowel, but also decreased levels of whiteblood cells，such as leucocytes and lymphocytes in theirblood. White blood cells are produced as a result ofinflammation or disease, generally when the body is (53)The general down-regulation of leucocytes (54) by theSpanish researchers suggests an overall beneficial effect,a generally more healthy body. The reduction in leucocytelevels was about 15 percent.Lower lymphocyte levels arealso indicative (55) reduced levels of inflammation, butthe observed reduction in both lymphocyte density andlymphocyte apoptosis is (56).In what was the longest study of its (57), pigs werefed RPS over 14 weeks to find out the effect of starch onbowel health. The use of raw potato starch in thisexperiment is (58) to simulate the effects of a diet highin resistant starch，” said study leader Jose FranciscoPerez at the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona3，Spain.Humans do not eat raw potatoes, (59) they do eat a lotof foods that contain resistant starch,such as cold boiledpotatoes, legumes, grains, green bananas, pasta and cereals.About 10 percent of the starch (60) by human is resistantstarch starch that is not digested in the small intestineand so is shunted into the large intestine (61) it ferments.Starch consumption is thought to reduce the risk of largebowel cancer and may also have an effect (62) irritablebowel syndrome (IBS)4.Immunology expert Lena Ohmans team previously foundthat the overall lymphocyte levels do not (63) for IBSpatients, but that lymphocytes are transferred from theperipheral blood to the gut,which support the hypothesis ofIBS being at least (64) an inflammatory disorder. She saysthe decrease in lymphocytes observed by the Spanish istherefore interesting, and a (65) of resistant starch maybe worth trying in IBS patients.51 A type B class C manner D form52 A sent B brought C fed D taken53 A challenged B considered C delivered D encouraged54 A caused B observed C participated D covered55 A of B to C into D in56 A amusing B frustrating C surprising D charming57 A shape B way C fashion D kind58 A designated B designed C discovered D displayed59 A so B but C since D as60 A eaten B produced C searched D located61 A when B which C why D where62 A on B onto C under D beneath63 A choose B value C vary D increase64 A totally B partially C luckily D pleasantly65 A role B secret C function D diet参考答案：51-65：DABCD DADAD CCBBA