Advanced English Book 1Lesson 9A More Perfect Union -By group 41. Background information Vocabulary and Paraphrase Structure Lesson 9 A More Perfect UnionAdvanced English Book 12.Lesson 9 A More Perfect UnionAbout “A More Perfect Union”thespeechwasdeliveredonmarch18,2008, during Obamas campaign forpresidency. This was to response to theJeremiah Wright controversy. JeremiahWright was the pastor of Obamas trinityunitedchurchofChristinChicagoandalsoa participant in Obamas campaign. Rev.Dr. Jeremiah Wright has been caught ontape saying vicious, racist, and un-Americanthings.Advanced English Book 13.Lesson 9 A More Perfect Union Rev. Wright said that Sept. 11 wassomehow the fault of America, and now“Americanschickensarecominghometoroost.”Therefore,Obamasufferedahugecrisisofconfidence.Advanced English Book 14.5. Barack Hussein Obama is the 44th and current President of the United States. He is the first African American to hold the office. He began his presidential campaign in 2007, and in 2008, after a close primary campaign against Hillary Rodham Clinton, he won sufficient delegates in the Democratic party primaries to receive the presidential nomination. He then defeated Republican nominee John McCain in the general election, and was inaugurated as president on January 20, 2009. Nine months later, Obama was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. He was re-elected president in November 2012, defeating Republican nominee Mitt Romney. He is the first Democrat since Franklin D. Roosevelt to win two presidential elections with a majority of the popular vote.Lesson 9 A More Perfect UnionAdvanced English Book 16.Lesson 9 A More Perfect Union Advanced English Book 1Trinity United Church of Christ TrinityUnitedChurchofChristisapredominantlyAfrican-Americanchurchwithmorethan8,500members,locatedonthesouthwestsideofChicago.ItisthelargestchurchaffiliatedwiththeUnitedChurchofChrist,apredominantlywhiteChristiandenominationwithrootsinCongregationalism,whichbranchedfromAmericanPuritanism.7. The churchs early history coincided withtheAmericancivilrightsmovement,subsequentdeathofMartinLutherKing,Jr.,andtheturmoilthat entered the movement after his death.During that tumultuous period, an influx ofradical black Muslim groups had begun toheadquarter in Chicago, and Trinity sought torecontextualizeChristianitythroughblackliberation theology in order to counter theinfluenceofradicalblackMuslimleaders,whotaughtthatitwasimpossibletobebothBlackandChristian.8.Trinityisbestknowntodayforitssocialprogramson behalf of the disadvantaged, both nationally andinternationally, although in its earliest days suchoutreachdidnotevenfigureinitsmission.Inearly2008,aspartoftheirpresidentialelectioncoverage,newsmediaoutletsandpoliticalcommentatorsbroughtTrinitytonationalattentionwhencontroversial excerpts of sermons by the churchslongtime pastor Jeremiah Wright were broadcast tohighlight Democratic presidential candidate BarackObamas relationship with Wright and the church.Obamarespondedwithaspeech,AMorePerfectUnion,whichaddressedthecriticisms.9. Inthe1800stheslaveswerefreedbyPresident Abraham Lincoln. After thisstarting in about the 1870s Jim Crowlawswereintroduced.Theselawspromoted the idea separate but equal,meaningthattheracesalthoughhavingtobeindifferentareasandnotallowedtointerminglewereequal.Lesson 9 A More Perfect UnionAdvanced English Book 110.1.Whatisthethemeoftheaddress?Whereisitstated?2.WhatisObamasstory?Whydidhecallit“mystory”?3. Did Obamas ethnic background put him in an advantageouspositionduringthecampaign?Whatracialissuedidheconfront?Pre-questions11. 4. SomepeoplequestionedObamasattitudeeventhoughhecondemnedReverendWrightsremarks.Why? 5. HowdidObamadescribeReverendWrightinPara.18?How did ObamadescribetheTrinity UnitedChurch ofChristinPara.20? 6. Whatis therelationshipbetweenReverendWrightandObama?WhatdidObamameanwhenhesaidhecouldnotdisownReverendWright?12.7.WhatremarksdidReverendWrightmakethat compelled Obama to condemn them?What was the fundamental mistake made byWright? How is Obamas condemnationrelated to the title of his address “ A MorePerfectUnion”?8. IsraceanessentialissueintheelectioninObamasopinion?Why?9. How are so many of the disparities thatexists in the African-American communitytoday related to the past of slavery and Jimcrow?13.Vocabulary and Paraphrase14.1.Farmersandscholars;statesmenandpatriotswho had traveled across an ocean to escapetyrannyandpersecutionthatlastedthroughthespringof1787.tyranny: n. unfair or cruel use of power orauthorityParaphrase: The early settlers, including farmers,scholars, statesmen and patriots sailed across theAtlantic ocean to escape misrule and persecution.Theyeventuallyturnedtheconceptsembodiedinthedeclaration of independence into articles in theConstitutionattheConstitutionalConventionwhichwasheldinthePhiladelphiaStateHouseinthespringof1787.15.2.Thedocumenttheyproducedwaseventuallysignedbutultimatelyunfinished.Paraphrase : Afterheateddebateandcompromises, the Constitution was finallyadopted by the Constitutional Convention and39outof55delegatessignedthedocument.But“ three- fifths ” clause and the twenty years allowed for the slave trade showed the slaveissuewasnotsolved,sotheprocessofformingamore perfect union did not end with theenforcementoftheConstitution.16.3.Itwasstainedbythisnationsoriginalsinofslaveryandtoleaveanyfinalresolutiontofuturegenerations. Stain: n. change the color of sth.; leave or make marks on sth. , esp. ones that are difficult to remove.stalemate:n.asituationinwhichneithersideinanargumentorcontestcanwinorinwhichnoprogressispossible.resolution : n. solution/makearesolutiontodo17. Paraphrase : It was dishonored by slaverywhich is American original sin. Whether theslavery should be kept became a questionwhich divided the colonies and made theconvention come to a halt .Finally ,thefounders of American decided to allow theslave trade to continue for at least twentyyears, and to leave the question to futuregenerations.18.4. Of course, the answer to the slavery questionwasalreadyembeddedwithinourConstitutionandaunionthatcouldbeandshouldbeperfectedovertime.embedded : v. fixsomethingdeeplyandfirmlyintosomethingelse.(implant，engraft)Paraphrase : Of course, the resolution of theslaveryissuewasalreadyincludedunderthelaw.According to the Constitution, its people shouldenjoy liberty, justice, and a union that could beandshouldbeperfectedovertime.19.5.Andyetwordsonaparchmentwouldnotbeenough to deliver slaves from bondage, orprovide men and women of every color andcreedtheirfullrightsandobligationsascitizensoftheUnitedStates.parchment : n. asubstancemadefromanimalskin,usedinthepastforwritingon;adocument,manuscript,ordiplomaonparchment. bondage: n.thestateofbeingaslaveorprisoner.20.Paraphrase : However,theConstitutionoranylawisnotenoughtosettheslavesfreeortogiveAmericanpeopleofdifferentoriginsorbeliefsequalrights.21.6.WhatwouldbeneededwereAmericansinsuccessivegenerationspromiseofouridealsandtherealityoftheirtime. disobedience : n. failureorrefusaltoobey. Paraphrase :Onlythroughriskyprotestsandstruggles in different forms, such as on thestreet, in the courts, through a war, wouldgeneration after generation of Americansucceed in narrowing the gap between therights promised in the Constitution and therealityoftheirtime.22.6.IchosetorunforthePresidentatandourgrandchildren.Paraphrase :IchosetorunforthePresidencyat this critical moment in history because Ifirmly believe that only we solve thechallenges together can we solve them.Despite different stories we have, we holdcommonhopes.Despitedifferentappearanceswehaveanddifferentplaceswecomefrom,weallwanttomakeabetterfutureforlatergenerations.Onlyweunderstandthatcanweperfectourunion.23.7.ButitalsocomesfrommyownAmericanstory.Paraphrase:Mypersonalbackgroundandmysuccessstory,risingfromragstoriches,alsoteachesmetheimportanceofunity.24.7. I was raised with the help of a whitegrandfather who survived a Depression toserve in Pattons Army during World War IIand a white grandmother while he wasoverseas.Paraphrase :Iwasraisedwiththehelpofmygrandparents who are white. My grandfatherlivedthroughthedepression,andduringWorldWarhewasfightingunderGeneralPatton.Atthat time, my grandmother worked on abomberassemblylineatFortLeavenworth.25.8. Ive gone to some of the best schools inAmerica and lived in one of the worldspoorestnationsaninheritancewepassontoourtwopreciousdaughters.Paraphrase :Ihavestudiedinsomeofthebestschools in America and lived in one of theworlds poorest nations. My wife is a blackAmerican woman who carries the blood ofslavesandslaveownerswhichisinheritedourtwobeloveddaughters.26.9. I have brothers, sisters, nieces, nephews,uncles and cousins, of every race and everyhue,scatteredacrossthreecontinentsthatinno other country on Earth is my story evenpossible. hue :n.colorParaphrase :Myrelativesofdifferentracesand colors lived scattered across threecontinents. I will always remember that mystory is only possible in America and I canbecomewhatIamonlyinAmerica.27.10. Its a story that hasnt made me the mostconventionalcandidate.Butitisastorythathassearedintomygeneticmakeupwearetrulyone.sear: v. to cause sb. to feel sudden andunpleasant.Paraphrase:Mylifeexperiencehasinfuseddeeplyinmetheconceptthattheunitedstates is not just a total of adding all the statesoralltheelementstogetherbutistheproductoffusion,ofsharingthesamecreed.28.11.Throughoutthefirstyearofthiscampaign,againstallpredictionstothecontrary,wesawhowhungrytheAmericanpeoplewereforthismessageofunity.Paraphrase: In spite of all announcementsthat America was not ready for a blackpresident,thatIwouldfailinthecampaign,wegained momentum in the first year of thecampaign , which showed that the Americapeopledemandedunityandchange.29.12. Despite the temptation powerful coalition ofAfricanAmericansandwhiteAmericans commanding:adj.authoritativeandpowerful.coalition :n.alliancebetweenpoliticalpartier.deem :n.haveaparticularopinionaboutsomething30.Paraphrase : peoplecouldnthelpjudgemefromthe perspective of a black candidate, raising thequestion of whether the united states would farebetter with a black president. However we wongreat victories even in some of the moreconservativestates,stateswithastrongerlyracialbias.WesucceededinunitingAfricanAmericansandwhiteAmericansinSouth Carolina,whichwasoneoftheConfederatestatesintheCivilwar.31.13.Wesawracialtensionsbubbletothesurfacebutblackandbrownaswell.exit poll : n.theactivityofaskingpeoplewhotheyhavevotedtodiscoverthelikelyresults.polarization : n. the situation of having orgivingpolarity.32.Paraphrase :theweekbeforetheDemocratsweretoselecttheirdelegatestothenationalconventioninSouthCarolina,attacksonme,onblacksbecamemorefrequent,moreintense.Thepresshadpollsofpeoplewhohadjustvotedthoroughlytofindevidenceofpeopledividingintotwoopposinggroups,intermsofwhiteandblack,aswellasblackandbrown.33.14.Ononeendofthespectrum,weveheardtheimplicationthatmycandidacyissomehowanexerciseinaffirmativeactionpurchaseracialreconciliationonthecheap. spectrum : n.acompleteorwiderangeofrelatedqualities,ideas,etc. on the cheap:spendinglessmoneythanneed. affirmative: adj. expressingagreement reconciliation : n. asituationinwhichtwopeople,countriesetc.becomefriendlywitheachotheragainafterquarreling.34.Paraphrase: Atoneendoftheentirerangeofopinion, there are people who say that IdecidedtorunbecauseIwantedtoshowblackandwhiteshouldhaveequalopportunityandIwantedtoplayonthedesiresofnaveliberalsto achieve racial harmony without makinggreatefforts.35.15. On the other end, pastor, Reverend JeremiahWright, use incendiary but views that denigrateboththegreatnessblackalike.pastor : n. a Christian priest in some protestantchurches. incendiary : adj. an incendiary speech, piece ofwritingetc.isintendedtomakepeopleangry.denigrate : vt. tocriticizesb./sth.unfairly;tosaysb./sth.doesnothaveanyvalueorisnotimportant.unequivocal: adj. expressing your opinion orintentionveryclearly36.Paraphrase :At the other end of the widerangeofopinions,JeremiahWrightwaswrongbecause the improper language he used inexpressing his views, would not only widenthegapbetweendifferentracesbutattackonthebasicnatureofAmericaasanations.Hiswordscausedtheangerandcondemnationofbothwhiteandblack.37.16.DidIknowhimtobeanpriests,orrabbiswithwhichyoustronglydisagreed.rabbis:(titleofa)spiritualleaderofaJewishcongregation;teacheroftheJewishlawParaphrase :I did know that sometimes hecriticized American domestic and foreignpolicy. I did hear that he made disputedcommentswhileIwasinchurch.Ididstronglydisagree with many of his political views.However. I am sure many of you may havesimilarexperiencessothisisnotuniquetome.38.17.Instead,theydistortedviewasendemicintheactionsofstalwartemanatingfromtheperverseandhatefulideologiesofradicalIslam.distort: vt.giveafalseaccountof(sth.).endemic:adj. regularlyfoundinaparticularplaceoramongaparticulargroupofpeopleanddifficulttogetridof.emanate from : to come from something orsomewhere. stalwart : adj. loyalunequivocal: adj. expressing your opinion orintentionveryclearlyprofess : v. to state a personal feeling or beliefopenly.39.perverse : adj. markedbyadispositiontoopposeandcontradict ideology: n. anorientationthatcharacterizesthethinkingofagroupornationParaphrase :Wrights view were a grossdistortionofAmerica.Ontheonehand,Wrightconsideredwhiteracismasaninseparablepartof America, leaving out all the goodcharacteristics which we associated withAmerica. On the other hand, Wright thoughtthatthecauseofconflictintheMiddleEastliedwithIsrael,notradicalIslam.40.18.AndIconfessthesnippetsofthosesermonsthathaveruninanendlesslooponbeingpeddledbysomecommentators,inmuchthesameway. snippet : n. a small of news, information , orconversation.sermon: n. a talk given as part of a Christianchurchservice,onareligiousormoralsubject.loop: n. apieceofrope,wire,etc.intheshapeofacurveorcircle.peddle : vt .offer(ideas,gossip,etc)toindividualpeople. seminary:n. collegefortrainingpriestsorrabbis.41.cringe : v. drawback,aswithfearorpain episode: n. ahappeningthatisdistinctiveinaseriesofrelatedeventsParaphrase : If Reverend Wright were theperson represented by the repeatedly shownpiece of sermons on TV and Internet, if theTrinityUnitedChurchofChristweretheonedescribedtothepublicbysomecommentators,I would have long deserted them withoutdoubt.42.19.Thosestories-ofsurvival,andfreedom,and hope - became our story, my story; thebloodthathadspilledwasourbloodintoalargerworld.spill: v. causeorallow(aliquidsubstance)torunorflowfromacontainerParaphrase :The stories, the history, thestruggle,thespiritbecamepartofblackpeopleandtheblackchurchpassedthemontofuturegenerations and spread then to the worldbeyondtheblackcommunityasaship.43.20. Our trials and triumphs became inchroniclingourjourney,thestoriesandsongsgaveusameanstoreclaimwecouldstarttorebuild.triumph:n.beingsuccessfulorvictorious.chronicle:vt. torecordeventsintheorderinwhichtheyhappened.reclaim :v.recoverpossessionofsth.44.Paraphrase :Thesufferingsandthevictorieswhichtheblackpeoplehadgonethroughwerenot limited to the black people; in recallingthosestories,wewerefilledwithconfidenceanddidnotneedtofeelashamedofthepast.Theseproudmemoriesmightbestudiedandtreasuredbyallpeopleandwecouldbuildabrightfuturewiththem.45.21. Like other predominantly black churchesacross the country are full of raucouslaughterandsometimesbawdyhumor.raucous : adj. impolite,noisyandviolent.bawdy:adj. (ofsongs,plays,etc.)loud,anddealingwithsexinanamusingway.Paraphrase : Trinity embraces all types ofpeople into the community, the doctor andwomen living on government aid, good kidsandformercriminalinthepast.Thereisloudlaughter and coarse humor at Trinity just asotherblackchurches.46.22. They are full of dancing, clapping,screamingandshoutingthatmayseemjarringto the and bias that make up the blackexperienceinAmerica.jar: v. making someone feel annoyed orshocked.Paraphrase :Peoplewhoarenotfamiliarwithsuchpracticesmayfindtheserviceswhicharefull of dancing, clapping, screaming, andshouting, too noisy , too rowdy. The churchcontains both good side and bad side of theexperiencesoftheblacksinAmerican.47.23.Hestrengthenedmyfaith,officiatedmywedding, and baptized my children. butcourtesyandrespect.officiate:vi. performhedutiesofanofficeorposition.baptize: v. administerbaptismtoderogatory:adj.showingahostileorcriticalattitude(tosbsreputation,etc.)courtesy:n.goodmanners. stereotype: n. a conventional or formulaicconceptionorimage.48.Paraphrase :Itwashewhoenhancedmyfaith,performedmyweddingceremonyandbaptizedmychildren.Ineverheardhimtalkaboutanyraceswithbadwords.Andhealwaysshowedrespectwhenassociatedwithwhitepeople49.24. I can no more disown him than I candisowntheblackcommunity.disown: v. preventdeliberately(asbymakingawill)frominheritingParaphrase: Itsimportanttocasthimoffjustas it is impossible for me to repudiate theblackcommunity.50.25.WecandismissReverendWrightasacrankorademagogue,justassomehavedismissedGeraldineFerraro,intheaftermathofherrecentstatements,asharboringsomedeep-seatedracialbias. dismiss:vt. refusetoconsideronesidea,opinionetc.crank:n. personwithstrangefixedideas,esp.onaparticularsubject.demagogue:n. apoliticalleaderwhotriestowinsupportbyusingargumentsbasedonemotionratherthanreason. aftermath:n. thesituationthatexistsasaresultofanimportant(andusuallyunpleasant)event,especiallyawar,anaccident,etc.51.Paraphrase :We can condemn Wright asbeinganoddinstigatorandthenrejecthimandputhimoutofmindjustassomehavedonewithGeraldineFerraroaftershemadesomepoliticalpointswithracialprejudicerecently.52.Comprehension of the textMain idea: Call for efforts towards a more perfect unionFocus : characters and skillsTheme : a retrospect of the race issue in the U.S. 53.Structure Part1Para.1-8Thispartbeginswithaquotationfromtheconstitution-“toformamoreperfectunion”andthestrugglesoftheformergenerations,leadingtooneofthetasksObamasetforthatthebeginningofthecampaign.Part2Para.9-23Foronething,ObamaemphasizesthemistakesinWrights;foranother,headvisespeopletofindhismeritsbehindhismistakes,andtakesthepersonasonepartoftheDiverseAmerica.Part3Para.24-26Thispartpointsoutthatraceisanimportantissuethatneitherwhitenorblackcouldignore.54.Questions on the content55.ThethemeoftheaddressisthatonlyAmericapeopleunitetogethercantheyperfecttheunion,cantheybuildamorejust,moreequal,freer,morecaringandmoreprosperousAmerica.ThisstatedinthepreambletotheUnitedStatesConstitution. 1. What is the theme of the address? Where is it stated? 56.2. What is Obamas story? Why did he call it “ my story”?Obamasstoryconsistsoftwoparts.Oneishisethnicbackground. He is a son of a black man and a whitewoman；hewasraisedbyhiswhitegrandparentsandmarriedablackwoman.Hehasrelativesofdifferentcolorsandcreeds.Theotherishisexperience.Hehaslivedinoneoftheworldspoorestnations；hehasgonetosomeofthebestschoolsinAmerica.Hecalleditmystorybecausehislifeandexperienceisasuccessstoryofnon-white in America society. It is an illustration ofAmericadream,bysayingthathecanappealtomanypotentialvoters.57.3. Did Obamas ethnic background put him in an advantageous position during the campaign? What racial issue did he confront?No, Obamas ethnic background didntput him in an advantageous positionduringthecampaign.Somecommentators have deemed him either“tooblack”or“notblackenough”.58.4. What remarks did Reverend Wright make that compelled Obama to condemn them? What was the fundamental mistake made by Wright? How is Obamas condemnation related to the title of his address “ A More Perfect Union”?Theremarkshemadehadthepotentialnotonlytowiden the racial divide, but also denigrate bothgreatnessandgoodnessofAmerica,causingtheangerandcondemnationofboththewhiteandtheblack.The fundamental mistake made by Wright wasthat they had caused controversy and in somecasespain.59. 5. Some people questioned Obamas attitude even though he condemned Reverend Wrights remarks. Why?Some people questioned Obamas attitude eventhough he condemned Reverend Wrights remarksbecausetheywerenotsurewhetherheknewWrightto be an occasionally fierce critic of Americandomesticandforeignpolicy,whetherheheardWrightmakeremarksthatcouldbeconsideredcontroversialwhilehesatinthechurchandwhetherhedisagreedwithmanyofWrightspoliticalviews.60.6. How did Obama describe Reverend Wright in Para. 18? How did Obama describe the Trinity United Church of Christ in Para. 20?Inparagraph18,ObamadescribedReverendWrightasamanheknew.HementionedthevaluablethingsWright taught him and Wrights services to thecountry.In paragraph 20, Obama pointed out the TrinityUnited Church of Christ embodied black history,blackexperience,blackpeopleinthecommunity,andcomplexcontradictionlikeotherblackchurches.Itisimpossibletodefineitas“good”or“bad”.61.7. What is the relationship between Reverend Wright and Obama? What did Obama mean when he said he could not disown Reverend Wright?ObamaregardedReverendWrightashisfamilyeventhoughhewasimperfect.HemeantthatitwasimpossibleforhimtocastReverendWrightoffjustasitwasimpossibleforhimtorepudiatetheblackcommunity,becausetheywerepartofAmerica.62.8.Is race an essential issue in the election in Obamas opinion? Why? Yes,itisanessentialissueinhisopinion.Becausehestatedinparagraph25“raceisanissuethatIbelievethisnationcannotaffordtoignorerightnow.”63.9.How are so many of the disparities that exists in the African-American community today related to the past of slavery and Jim crow?TherearesomanyofthedisparitiesexistingintheAfrican-Americancommunitytodaybecausetheproblemsofthepastslaveryhaventbeenreallyworkedthrough.TheinfluenceofJimCrow,whichleadstoracialdiscriminationstillexistsinAmerica.64.Questions on structure and style65.1.Why does Obama begin his address with the words “we the people ,in order to form a more perfect union.”? Is it an effective way of beginning a speech? How is the beginning related to the theme of the address?Therearetwopurposes.Oneistoshowwherethetitlecomesfrom,theotheristoappealtotheaudiencebythequotationfromtheConstitution,adocumentthatAmericanpeopleworship.Yes,itisaneffectivewayofbeggingaspeech.ObamausesthewordstoindicatethatthecurrentunionwasfarfrombeingperfectanitisthetaskoftheAmericanpeopletomakeitmoreperfect,whilecallingonpeopletounitetogethertoperfecttheunionisthethemeoftheaddress.66.2.In paragraph 5 we find the two words of “color and creed” put together to form alliteration, the use in a phrase or sentence of words beginning with the same letter or sound. Could you find other places in the speech where alliteration is used and then comment on the effect of alliteration? “greatnessandgoodness”inparagraph13；“trialsandtriumphs”,“uniqueanduniversal”,“storiesandsongs”inparagraph19；“strugglesandsuccesses”inparagraph20.Alliterationisusedtostrengthentherhythmoftheaddress,attractaudiencesattention.67.3.What is the topic sentence of paragraph 6? Thetopicsentenceofparagraph6is:Thiswasoneofthetaskswesetforthatbeginningofthispresidentialcampaigntocontinuethelongmarchofthosewhocamebeforeus,amarchforamorejust,moreequal,morefreer,morecaringandmoreprosperousAmerica.68.4.Read the following sentence in paragraph 6:”we may have different stories, but we hold common hopes; that we may not look the same and we may not have come from the same place, but we all want to move in the same direction” note that antithesis-the setting of contrast phrases opposite each other for emphasis-is used here. Can you identify other places in the speech where antithesis is also used for emphasis?The churches contains in full the kindness andcruelty,thefierceintelligenceandtheshockingignorance,thestrugglesandsuccesses,theloveandyes,thebitternessandbiasesthatmakeuptheblackexperienceinAmerica.（Para.20)69.5.Why did Obama quote a whole paragraph from his book dreams from my father in paragraph 19? What does that passage describe? Do you think it is well-written? What figures of speech does the author use here？ ObamaquotedthiswholeparagraphtomakeacompleteimpressionontheaudienceabouthisfirstexperienceatTrinity.Thepassagegivesavividdescriptionofthesceneinthechurchandofhowtheblackpeopleareturnedintoabeliefthattheyarepartofthewhiteculture.It is well-written, and the whole paragraph is written in a highlyrhetoricalstyle.Figuresofspeechtheauthorused:personification（aforcefulwindcarrying the Reverends voice up ）；alliteration （trials andtriumphs,uniqueand universal,stories and songs ）；parallelism（memoriesthatmemoriesthat）70.6.Read the sentence in paragraph 20，”the church contains in full the kindness and cruetly , the fierce intelligence and the shocking ignorance , the struggles and success, the love and yes, the bitterness and bias that make up the black experience in American.” Comment on the characteristics of the language. The sentence is made of pairs of antonyms,demonstratingthecomplexityofthechurchandevery other issue in society, dissuading theaudiencefromjudgingpeopleorsocialissuesinasimplemanner.71.