第 1 页 共 8 页Unit4 Astronomy: the science of the stars I 单元教学目标技能目 标 Goals Talk about the science of the stars, the development of life and space travel and gravity Practise giving instructions Practise talking abut problems in study or life Learn to use Noun Clauses as the subject Learn to write an essay to show your problems and the way to overcome them.II. 目标语言词汇1 四会词汇astronomy, atmosphere, system, violent, solid, explode, carbon, dioxide, oxygen, surface, planet, harmful, development, spread, method, depend, exist, presence, telescope, disappoint, disappointed, publish, publishing, gravity, force, gradually, cheer, float, mass 2 认读词汇astronomer, biochemistry, geophysics, solar, Big Bang, vapour, nitrogen, dissolve, amphibian, reptile, generally, mammal, global, comet, Issac Newton, Albert Einstein, Stephen Hawking, lessen, weightlessly, cabin, exhaust, exclaim 3 词组solar system, in time, prevent from, depend on, cheer up, now that, get the hang of, break out 语法Noun Clauses as the subject Noun Clauses as the subject is also called the Subject Clause. That means a Noun Clause serves as Subject in the sentence. The words which are used in this Noun Clause are: that, whether, who, what, which, when, where, how, why, etc. Example 1.What it was to become was a mystery. 2.It was not clear whether the solid shape was to last or not. 重点句子1.What it was to become was a mystery until the dust began to slowly combine into a ball moving around the sun. P25 2.It s exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, which were to make the earth s atmosphere. P25 3.It allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases, which had become part of the earth s atmosphere, into the oceans and seas. P25 4.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved. P26 5.When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us but it will not be as strong a pull as the earths. P30 6.Walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed. P31 7.We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship the earth s gravity increased. P31 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 8 页第 2 页 共 8 页8.Seen from space, the earth appears to be a water ball. 9.But the answers have always seemed well beyond our reach, until now. 10. Huge questions remain to be answered, before we can hope to have a complete picture of the universe we live in. IV. 分课时教案The First Period Intensive Reading Teaching goals 教学目标1. Target language 目标语言a 重点词汇和短语astronomy, atmosphere, system, violent, solid, explode, carbon, dioxide, oxygen, surface, planet, harmful, development, spread, method, depend, solar system, in time, prevent from, depend on b 重点句子1.What it was to become was a mystery until the dust began to slowly combine into a ball moving around the sun. P25 2.It s exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, which were to make the earth s atmosphere. 2. Ability goals a. Enable Ss to talk about the science of the stars, the development of life and space travel and b. Understand the text and answer the following questions: c. Enable the Ss to understand the details about the passage, choosing the correct answer d. Retell the passage using key sentences. 3. Learning ability goalsEnable Ss learn how to talk about the beginning of life on the earth. Teaching important points a. Talk about the beginning of life on the earth. Teaching difficult points教学难点a. Understand the beginning of life on the earth. b. Discuss the questions: What will our future be if the earth may become too hot for the lives on it? Why are humans the cleverest animals on the earth? Teaching methods 教学方法a.Skimming and scanning b。Asking-and- answering activity to check the Ss understanding of the text.Teaching aids 教具准备A recorder, a computer, a projector Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式Step I Presentation Step IV Reading. Scanning Get the Ss to read the passage quickly and accurately and meanwhile help the Ss to form a good habit of reading. Step V Listening in time (for sth./to do sth.): not lateShe will be back in time to prepare dinner. in / out of time: in/not in the correct time The audience clapped in time to the music.2. Nobody knew that it was going to be different from other planets going around the sun. be different from: not like someone or something else in one or more ways going around the sun is ing form that serves as attributive. Men breaking the law will be punished. Can you see the girl dancing with your boyfriend? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 8 页第 3 页 共 8 页3. Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved. 4. Walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed. Passage Analyzing I Text Chart . How life began on the earth II Text Retelling Retell the text using about 100 words. Notes: Use the two questions and the chart to retell the passage; III Moral EducationTeacher can guide the Ss to understand the text deep, making the Ss to have a scientific attitude towards science: the beginning of universe 。IV Writing Techniques1.Writing Characteristic1) Lead in the topic of how life began on the earth by beginning with two questions so as to arouse the readers strong curiosity and interest. 2) The passage tells the readers the scientific idea in order of time. 2. Writing Style The text is common science writing, which tells the readers how the universe developed and how life began on the earth. 3. Main Idea Through the writer s clear description, we know that how life began on the earth. It s a long and slow process. From the passage, we know that earth is the best place for human to live on. Step VI Homework Retell the passage according to the form. Remember important language points. The Second Period Language study Teaching goals 教学目标1 Target language 目标语言a 重点词汇和短语suffer, settle , realize , worry about , have got to, tie up b 重点句子： He was very disappointed.What it was to become was a mystery. To save money, you must use as few words as possible.c. Practise talking about problems in study or life My problem is The difficulty is My trouble is The question isMy advice is What I think about it is The fact isMy suggestion is 2 Ability goals 能力目标Learn to use Noun Clauses as the subject.3 Learning ability goals 学能目标Let Ss learn how to use Noun Clauses as the subjectTeaching important points教学重点the use of Noun Clauses as the subjectTeaching difficult points教学难点How to teach the Ss to learn to use Noun Clauses as the subjectTeaching methods 教学方法Learn grammar through practice Teaching aids 教具准备A projectorA blackboardTeaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式Step I Revision 1.Check retelling of the passage.The explosion of the earth produced water vapor, which turned into water when the earth cooled down. Water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases into the oceans and seas. Translate the following sentences. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 8 页第 4 页 共 8 页Suggested answers: 1.You ll succeed in time.My car is different from yours.Who is the person standing by the door? 2.He s always the first to come and the last to leave.Now that you have grown up you can decide it yourself. Step II Word study This part is a consolidation of the words learnt in this unit. Ask the Ss to do the exercise independently. Key to the exercises: Part1 Across: 2.float 5.mass 6.presence 8.carbon 9.mobile Down: 1.planet 2.force 3.astronomy 4.explore 7.circle Part2 1.energetic 2.surface 3.depends on 4.gradually 5.exists 6.prevent from 7.spread 8.are multiplying 9.Now that 6. Part3 can be homework if time is limited. Step III PreparationShow some example sentences on the screen. 1 A tree has fallen across the road.2 You are a student.3 To find your way can be a problem.4 Smoking is bad for you.5 “ How do you do? ” is a greeting.6 What she said is not yet known.7 That we shall be late is certain. 8 It s certain that we shall be late. Step IV Grammar 1.Give them some time to find the sentences in the passage. Then collect answers from the class. Show the answers: 1. Because it was not clear whether the solid shape was to last or not. 2. What scientists think is that the earth was different because of 3. Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on 2.Show typical examples of how to make a Subject Clause. Guide the Ss to find out what changes we have to make when we make a sentence or combine two sentences using Subject Clause. Teachers show the example and Ss write down the sentences. Show the answers: How fish developed from early shellfish is well-known. What reptiles look like and how large they are is strange. The extinction of dinosaur is a mystery. The importance of early plants was not known to scientists. 3.T: Turn to Page64. Read the following passage quickly and finish the eight sentences. Check the answer: 1.what 2.what 3.why 4.what 5.where 6.when 7.how 8.what 4.Have a discussion in pairs. The topic is “ My Problem ” . One talks about problems in his study or life, the other gives some advice. Remind the students to use the following structures: Step V Homework 1. Finish Part3 (P29) 2. Finish Part3 (P64)The Third Period ListeningTeaching goals 教学目标1 Target language 目标语言a 重点词汇和短语gravity, by chance b 重点句子I heard about how the idea of gravity has developed over a long period of time. Pick out the information and draw lines from the list to where the things are on the suit of the astronaut. 2 Ability goals 能力目标Enable the Ss to understand the different ideas about gravity. Enable the Ss to have a good understanding of the force of gravity in order to enjoy the stories fully and to become 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 8 页第 5 页 共 8 页more involved and excited about studying space and the stars. 3. Learning ability goals 学能目标Enable the Ss to appreciate that the science fiction stories are imaginary but based on fact. Teaching important points教学重点Listen to the material about the detailed information about different scientists and their ideas. Complete the form , make True or False judgement and answer questions. Teaching difficult points教学难点Discuss with partners and have a debate to find out ways to solve the problems about what a spacesuit should be like. Teaching methods 教学方法a. Discussion b. Listening c Cooperative learning d. Debating Teaching aids 教具准备A recorder Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式Step I. Revision Check homework exercise. Part3 (P29): Part3 (P64): 1.With the development of science and technology, people have come to depend more and more on the computer to deal with all kinds of things. 2.Now that many problems exist which cannot be solved, wars will probably break out. 3.He gradually got the hang of this method of research after many years practice. 4.The presence of that famous director cheered up all the people at the meeting. 5.We should find some ways to prevent the harmful gas from spreading. 6.He is already exhausted. We should lessen his pain instead of disappointing him. Step II. Listening (Using language) 1.The Ss will hear different ideas about gravity of three scientists, and then fill in the blanks. T: Have you heard of Isaac Newton? How much do you know about him?S1: He s English. Step III Listening (WB P62) 1.Part1. T: Whos Yang Liwei?S1: He s our hero who traveled into space on October15,2003.2.Part2. T: Now focus your attention on Part2. Then we ll listen to the tape again. Play the tape and pause when the students need to write information down. Then collect answers. 3.Part3. First ask Ss to talk about the answer. If necessary play the tape again for Ss to check the answer. Answers: 1.There s a special seat to throw him out of the space rocket if things went wrong. 2.The answer can be different. Step IV Listening Task (P65) T: Do you want to have a space walk? S: Yes, of course. Key to Part2: 1.oxygen can (on the back) 2.water system (the part of the suit covering the body) 3.gravity boots (on 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 8 页第 6 页 共 8 页the feet) 4.left engine (on the left side) 5.right engine (on the right side) 6.tool kit (on the waist, at the back) Step V Homework Today we have listened to three materials. After class, you should listen to them again and sum up what you have learnt from them. For the homework, think about a question: What needs to be an astronaut? The Fourth Period Extensive Reading Teaching goals 教学目标1 Target language 目标语言a. 重点词汇和短语force, gradually, float, mass, cheer up, now that, break out b.重点句子：When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel it s gravity pulling us but it will not be as strong a pull as the earths. P30 Walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed. P31 We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship the earth s gravity increased. P31 2 Ability goals 能力目标a Discuss the three ways in which gravity changed on the moon. and some information about black holes. b. Discuss the questions about the passage: How did gravity change on the moon? What does a black hole look like? What will happen if an object is near the black hole?Teach the Ss to read passages with feeling. 3 Learning ability goals 学能目标Enable the Ss to get to know about gravity and black holes. Teaching important points教学重点Talk about gravity and black holes. Teaching difficult points教学难点a. Discuss the answers to the questions b. Teach the Ss to read the passage with feeling, paying attention to pronunciation and intonation. Teaching methods 教学方法a. Fast readingb. Dealing with comprehension questionsc. Discussion Teaching aids 教具准备A projector, a computer, a recorderTeaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式Step I Revision Check homework T: Last class we have learned different ideas about gravity, what quality an astronaut should have and some equipment on a spacesuit. Now answer the question: What needs to be an astronaut? S: An astronaut should have good health, excellent degree, many years training, right height and weight. They also should be calm, firm, patient, mature and hard-working. They must be able to adapt to the harshness of life in space.Step II Reading (Page30)1.Ask the students to read the passage quickly and fill in the form. Then check the answer. T: In last lesson, we have learned some information about gravity. Today we ll know gravity in details. Read the passage and fill in the form. 2.Listen to the tape and imitate he tape. Then practice reading aloud the dialogue with feeling. 3.Ask two or three pairs of Ss to read the passage with feeling. Step III Reading Task (Page66) This reading passage is about black holes. After the first reading, let the Ss answer some questions. Show the questions on the screen. Then, let them talk about the form on page 67 after reading the text again. Suggested answers: 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 8 页第 7 页 共 8 页Step IV Extra-reading Here is a supplementary reading material on the screen, a passage about black holes. Read it carefully and then do some comprehension exercises with their partners. The Fifth Period Speaking Teaching goals 教学目标1 Target language 目标语言a 重点词汇和短语preparation, instruction, unexpected, a set of, pay attention to, as well as b 交际用语Practice giving instructions Please look at/ listen toPlease check thatYou needPlease pay attention toDon t forget to You d better Make sure youWatch out forYou mustn t2 Ability goals 能力目标a. Enable the Ss to make a list of things that they need.b. Enable the Ss to talk about giving instructions. c. Enable the Ss to play different roles in a conversation. 3 Learning ability goals 学能目标a. Learn how to make a list of things that they needb Help the Ss learn how to talk about giving instructions c. Enable the Ss learn how to play different roles in a conversation. Teaching important and difficult points教学重点难点a. Teach the Ss how to how to talk about giving instructions b. Help the Ss to learn how to play different roles in a conversation. Teaching methods 教学方法a. Pairs work and group workb. Discussion and cooperative learning Teaching aids 教具准备1 A computer 2 A projector Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式Step I Revision Ask some of the Ss to read his / her passage about gravity.(Remember that an acceleration is a change in velocity and that velocity is a vector, so it has both a magnitude and a direction. Thus, an acceleration occurs if either or both the magnitude and the direction of the velocity change.) Step II Presentation T: Do you remember the conversation between Li Yanping and Professor Wallis? Step III Speaking (Page31) (After a few minutes.) Step IV Talking (Page62) The task asks the students to work in pairs and give a friend a number of “ does” and “ don ts” for going into space. They need to make suggestions using the phrases that they have been given to help them. When they have worked out Step V Speaking Task (Page67) The purpose of this task is to use the information the students have gained from the listening text and reading passage in a new situation. Questions and answers: 1.What was the most unexpected thing you found out about black holes? The black hole threw out material as well as ate objects. 2.How did you know you had got close to a black hole? You can see things disappear into what appears to be an empty space. That s a black hole. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 8 页第 8 页 共 8 页3.What was the most frightening thing that happened to you on this journey? Step VI Homework:Prepare for writing a passage about your idea or hopes for traveling in space. The sixth Period Writing Teaching goals 教学目标1 Target language 目标语言a 重点词汇和短语explore, characteristics b 重点句子Write a short article explaining three problems you might meet on the moon. You may ask the following questions as well as work out some more. 2 Ability goals 能力目标Enable the Ss to write an article about your idea or hopes for traveling in space. 3 Learning ability goals 学能目标Help the Ss to learn how to write a passage.Teaching important& difficult points教学重点和教学难点Teach the Ss how to write an article about a space travel. Teaching methods 教学方法Task-based learningDiscussion. Teaching aids 教具准备a projector, a computerTeaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式Step I Writing The purpose of this writing is for students to think about what kind of equipment they would need to be safe in space. Step II Writing Task The purpose of this writing task is for the students to use the information they have gathered on astronomy and their questions to each other to write an interesting and lively newspaper article. Step III Project Ask students to collect as much information as they can about the nine planets in our solar system. Choose one planet that they would like to explore. Then write a research report. The report should include the four requirements on Page68. 1.One possible project: Topic: Mars The planet I have chosen is Mars because it s the closest to the earth and it ll be one of the first planets for us to explore. It s named after the Roman god of war because from the earth it looks red in the sky. Information Findings from space trips The most important trips to Mars have been made by the US and USSR. They have both sent many spaceships but no What I would like to find out 1.whether there is life under the surface of Mars 2.whether it would be possible for people to live on Mars 3.whether there is oil or jewels or rocks that would be useful for people on Earth 2.Another project: Findings from space trips What I would like to find out 1.whether there is life under the surface of Jupiter 2.whether it would be possible for people to live on Jupiter 3.whether there is oil or jewels or rocks that would be useful for people on Earth Step V Homework Sum up the whole unit. Collect the materials about stars, space travel and different ideas about the beginning of life. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 8 页