路漫漫其修远兮路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索吾将上下而求索走向高考走向高考 英语英语外研版外研版 高考总复习高考总复习写作素能培养写作素能培养第三部分第三部分第九讲第九讲精研提纲材料，轻松驾驭提纲作文精研提纲材料，轻松驾驭提纲作文第三部分第三部分提纲类写作是近年高考英语书面表达的热点题型，命题人通常以提纲作文的形式考查书信、报道、通知、日记、发言稿、对某人或某物的介绍、欢迎词等。 一、试题特征 1短文提示类用汉语给出一段短文提示，要求根据提示写一篇短文，所考查的形式灵活多样，如人物介绍、地点介绍等。2.要点提示类 这是比较常见的一种写作方式，此类题目用汉语提纲列举几个要点，提出写作要求。写作时要首先根据要点确定文章的中心思想，然后围绕中心思想和要点展开合理和适当的联想。3表格提示类试题采用表格的形式给出要点，写作时首先要将表格中的要点扩展成一个个完整的句子，然后根据文章的中心话题和要求，把这些要点连句成文。二、写作步骤1细读提示，认真审题其环节包括：审体裁：提纲作文的体裁一般有书信、报道、通知、日记等；定人称；定时态。2紧扣主题，组织要点虽然提纲式作文的“要点”似乎已经定好了，但考生仍要逐个把内容要点完整地列出来。3选词造句，初步成文在体裁明确、信息全面、要点清晰的基础上，根据要点和重点词汇的句法功能、句子的语法规则，按照提示或说明中所提供的事实和情节发展的顺序选词造句，然后将零散的句子排列成主谓一致、时态呼应、脉络分明、合乎逻辑、内容完整的短文。三、注意事项1整理信息审读所给信息，弄清所要表达的内容，然后对所给信息进行整理，必要的时候可以对要点适当调整，以使文章行文连贯。切忌直接由提纲进行逐字逐句翻译。2完善信息提纲式书面表达一般都只给出只言片语的提示，而不是完整的表达。此时我们就必须在大脑中将各信息点补充完整，适时使用一些短语和句型以及各种从句。3适当发挥对于自己发挥的部分，虽然答案并不要求一样，但要紧扣主题、合情合理，切忌信马由缰，离题万里。四、常用句式(一)书信类常用句式1Im glad to receive your letter asking for. 很高兴收到你的来信，询问。2I am glad to know that you are going to enter college and it is my great pleasure to give you some suggestions on. 我很高兴得知你将进入大学并且很荣幸能就方面给你提一些建议。3With regard to the matter you mentioned in your letter，my suggestion is. 关于你在信中提到的问题，我建议。4Concerning your request，I would like to offer my advice.对于你的请求，我想就提出我的建议。5I have learned from the newspaper that your company wanted a. and I am very interested in it.从报纸上得知，贵公司需要一名我对此职位很感兴趣。6My interest in the position of.has prompted me forward my resume for your review and consideration. 我对职位非常感兴趣，特递交简历供您参考。7Im writing a letter to you to get some help about. 我给你写信是为了寻求的帮助。8I am writing to complain about. 我写信想抱怨。9I hope you. 我希望你。10(Im)Looking forward to hearing from you. (我)期盼收到你的来信。(二)观点对比类常用句式1Some people believe. 一些人认为。2From my point of view，I think. 依我看，我认为。3They hold their view for the reason of. 他们因坚持他们的观点。4The reason is that. 原因是。5As far as Im concerned，I firmly support the view. 就我而言，我坚决支持观点。6No one can deny that. 没有人能够否定这一事实。(三)地点介绍类常用句式1Located in West China，the newly built city is. 这个新建城市是坐落在中国西部。2.is a lively city with a long history，where you can see ancient and modern cultures. 是一个拥有悠久历史的充满活力的大都市，在那里古代文明和现代文化交织在一起。3It is a popular tourist attraction with many. 这是一个很受欢迎的旅游胜地，那儿有许多。4It is believed to be the earliest and largest.ever found in China.人们认为这是迄今为止在中国发现的最早的也是最大的。【典例】目前，随着人们生活压力的不断增大，人们的忧虑也越来越多。请根据下面的内容提示写一篇演讲稿。我们的忧虑：注重自我，轻视合作；缺乏毅力，容易气馁；盲目追求，渴望成名。我们的长处：敢于挑战，(请联系自己的体验拟定内容)注意：1.对所给要点逐一陈述，可适当发挥，但不要简单翻译；2.词数120左右。开头和结尾已写好，不计入总词数。Good afternoon, everyone!Under more stress and fiercer circumstances in our life, there is growing concern, which can cause us to develop our special behaviours and values._ _ Thank you for your listening!解析：从形式看，这是一篇提纲式作文，命题者已经将材料条理化，这对考生合理布局文章有一定的帮助。根据信息提示可知，考生可安排两部分进行写作(除给出的一段外)。第一部分提出“我们的忧虑”，可就三个方面进行具体阐述：注重自我，轻视合作；缺乏毅力，容易气馁；盲目追求，渴望成名。第二部分归纳“我们的长处”。写作时，第二部分是能够体现考生写作能力的关键段落。因为没有内容限制，考生可结合自身的感受写出与“敢于挑战”有关的行动或事例。考生一定要联系自我体验进行适当的拓展，切记要紧扣主题。优美范文Good afternoon, everyone!Under more stress and fiercer circumstances in our life, there is growing concern, which can cause us to develop our special behaviours and values.What on earth worries us most? We often care too much about ourselves, look down upon others and are unwilling to cooperate with others, which will make it hard for us to achieve success in our life. Whats more, we consider us to be short of perseverance and to get easily discouraged. In addition, many of us follow fashion blindly, and are very eager to become famous, which will ruin our values and taste in the future.However, we also have many advantages. First, we have the courage to face challenges, for it can help us realize our dreams. Second, we can gain the confidence to overcome all difficulties. Finally, we can do our best to work more efficiently! Thank you for your listening!点评：文章层次分明，衔接紧密。文章中使用了一些高级短语，如：in addition, whats more和overcome all difficulties等。另外，一些简短句式的运用，让人读后倍感亲切。注意：1词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3开头语已为你写好。Dear Peter，Id like to ask you to write an article for our schools English newspaper._ 参考答案：Dear Peter，Id like to ask you to write an article for our schools English newspaper.The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very popular among us students. It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries. Would you please write something about the culture in your part of the United States? And we would especially welcome articles about how Americans spend their holidays and festivals, and the life of American high school students. You can write anything relevant so long as its interesting and informative. 400 words would be fine. Could we have your article before June 28?Im looking forward to hearing from you.Yours, Li Hua解析：本篇书面表达属于英文书信，根据提示信息要求写一封给美国朋友彼得写信的约稿，为学校校英文报“外国文化”栏目刊登介绍美国节日风俗和中学生生活的文章。写作时注意以下几点：1.仔细阅读有关提示，弄清试题提供的所有信息，明确三个要点：首先，简单介绍校英文报栏目的情况。2.建议Peter介绍美国节日风俗和中学生生活。3.稿件的要求及时间。写作时根据要表达的内容确定句子的时态、语态。就本文而言应该用一般现在时态。 4.注意使用高级词汇和句式，以增加文章的亮点。点评：本文结构紧凑，层次分明，而且使用了多种句式和结构。比如It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.运用了过去分词作后置定语， And we would especially welcome articles about how Americans spend their holidays and festivals, and the life of American high school students.运用了宾语从句。此外，文章还使用了大量习语和短语，如be popular among, so long as, look forward to , hear from等。