八年级英语下册知识点第1页 共 17 页新人教版八年级英语下册知识点归纳Unit 1 What s the matter?重点短语 : have a stomachache have a cold lie down take one s temperature have a fever go to a doctor to one s surprise agree to (do sth.) get into troublebe used to take risks run out (of) cut off get out of be in control of keep on ( doing sth. ）give up 语言知识归纳：1. What s the matter (with you)?此句用来询问别人的病情。类似的句子还有：Whats wrong with you?/ Whats the trouble?matter作动词用，意为 “ 要紧”“有关系 ” ，主要用于疑问句和否定句。What does it matter? It doesnt matter.【例题】 Does it _ if we cant finish it today? A. mind B. minds C. matter D. matters 2. I have a sore throat. have “患病” ，常用 “have a /an+ 名词”.have a cold have a fever have a sore back have a stomachache have a cough 【例题】 ( )-Does he often have _ cold? -Yes. He also _a cough and a sore throat. A. a; hasB. /; has C. a; have D. /; have 3.Lie down and rest! 躺下休息lie down 躺下4.That s probably why. 那可能就是原因。probably意为“ 很可能，大概 ” ，表示的可能性很大，是一种近乎肯定的意思。5. hurt v. 使受伤；伤害；疼痛He hurt his leg when he fell. 他摔伤的时候伤了腿。My feelings were hurt when he didnt ask me to the party.他没有请我参加聚会使我很伤心。6. The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping. 公交车司机， 24岁的王平 24-year-old 是用连字符连接数字和名词所构成的一个形容词结构，意思是“24 岁的” 。（名词必须用单数，常用在名词前做定语）【例题】 A_girl named DongXinyi looked after her disabled father. A. three-year-oldB. three-years-oldC. Three years old7. expect vt. 期待；预期；期盼expect的常见用法 :expect+名词/代词The old man is expecting his daughter s visit. expect to do sth. I expect to get a birthday present from my dad. expect sb. to do sth. Do you expect him to teach you English? 单词词义过去式过去分词现在分词lie 说谎lied lied lying lie 躺，平放lay lain lying 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 八年级英语下册知识点第2页 共 17 页expect +从句I expect that you will get there soon. 【辨析】 expect与 look forward to 两者都有期待的意思look forward to doing sth. I m looking forward to seeing Tom.8. But to his surprise. 但是令他吃惊的是 to one s surprise 表示“ 令人惊奇的是 ” ，相当于 “ 主语+be+surprised”To his surprise, he found the girl was bind. = He was surprised to find the girl was blind. 令他惊奇的是，他发现这个女孩是个盲人。【拓展】 in surprise表示“ 惊奇的 ” ，相当于副词性短语，用来修饰动词。The two girls looked at each other in surprise. 那两个女孩惊奇地互相看着。be surprised at表示“ 对感到惊讶 ” 。We are very surprised at the news. 听到这个消息，我们很诧异。surprising 表示“ 使人惊奇的 ” ，作表语时，主语是事物。9. They don t want any trouble. 他们不想惹麻烦。 trouble 用作名词，意为 “ 烦恼，困难，麻烦，疾病等” 。His life is full of trouble. 他的生活充满了烦恼。Whats the trouble? 怎么了？ trouble 用作动词，意为 “ 麻烦，打扰 ” 。I m sorry to trouble you. 抱歉打扰你。【拓展】与 trouble 相关的短语in trouble 处于困境中get into trouble陷入困境Have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难【例题】 -How is your English study? -Not bad. But I_learning English grammar. A. am interested B. am good at C. have a little trouble D. have no trouble 10. 辨析used to do sth. 与be used to sth. / doing sth. 过去常常 习惯于某事 /做某事We used to draw pictures badly. You will get used to the weather here. In the end, I got used to doing hard work. 11. 辨析 run out 与 run out of 人+ run out of They have run out of the water. 物+ run out (不可用于被动语态）The money is running out. 【例题】选出能代替句中画线部分的一项( ) Yesterday I used up all the salt to cook dumplings. I need to buy some now. A. ate up B. run out of C. ran of D. ran out of 12. make decisions = make a decision 作出决定decision为 decide的名词形式make a decision to do sth. = decide to do sth. 13. be in control of 管理；控制A teacher should be in control of his class.重点语法：情态动词 should的用法（1）should后接动词原形，变否定句在should后加 not, 变一般疑问句时将should 提前。（2）should常用于以下两种情况：提出建议You looked tired. You should lie down and rest. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 八年级英语下册知识点第3页 共 17 页表推测，意为 “ 该，按理应当 ” 。Wait a minute. I think he should come in a minute. Unit 2 I ll help to clean up the city parks.重点短语 : clean up by oneself cheer up put off give out put on used to give away take after set up make a difference care for come up with 语言知识归纳：1. give out 分发，发放【拓展】 give 构成的短语还有：give away 赠给，赠送give in 屈服，投降give up 放弃give off 发出（气味、光、热等）2.come up with 提出，想出(1)表示“ 想出或提出 ” ，相当于 think of I think she can come up with a good idea (2)come up with还可表示“ 赶上”,相当于 catch up with. We should study hard to come up with them 【例题】 ( ) We must _a plan to improve your math. A. pick up B. catch up with C. come up with D. make up 3. Iv run out of it. 我已经把它用完了。run out of 表示 “ 用完，用光 ” ，其主语一般是人。【拓展】 run out of 还可表示 “ 从跑出来 ” 。Bill ran out of the room. Bill 从房间里跑出来。run 构成的短语还有run away 逃走run after 追赶run into difficulties 遇到困难【例题】 ( ) When your money_, please come to me for some. A. runs out of B. runs out C. is running out of D. is run out 4. I take after my mother.我长得像我妈妈。【辨析】 take after 与 look like take after意为“ 长得像，行为、性格等像”,尤其是像自己的长辈。The boy takes after his father. 这个男孩长得像他爸爸。look like 可以用于所有场合，既可指人也可指物，仅指外表看上去像。The man looks like our teacher. 这个男的看起来像我们的老师。The rainbow looks like a bridge. 彩虹看上去像一座桥。【拓展】 take 构成的短语take up take off take place take one s time take care【例题】 ( ) -Youve really beautiful blond hair. -Thank you. I _my mother. A. look after B. take after C. take from D. look for 5. set up 创办，建立set up 为副词短语，与start, establish同义Theyve set up a company. 他们创办了一家公司。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 八年级英语下册知识点第4页 共 17 页与 set 相关的短语还有：set out 动身，开始（做某事）set off 出发，引起，激发6. You helped to make it possible for me to have lucky. 对我来说，有了你的帮助，我才有可能拥有Lucky. it 是形式宾语You made it possible for me to catch up with others. 你让我有可能赶上其他人。【例题】 ( ) He found _hard to go to sleep with the light on. A. it B. that C. he D. him 7.Lucky makes a big difference to my life. Lucky 对我的生活产生了很大的影响。make a big difference 意为“ 对产生很大的影响 ” ，difference 在此为 “ 影响” 的意思。【例题】 ( ) The heavy snow didnt _ the international airlines.A. pay attention to B. add to C. make a difference to D. keep to 8. imagine v. 想象，假想；以为，认为imagine （v.想象） imagination（n.想象） imaginative (adj.富于想象力的）9.help. out 帮克服困难，帮 分担工作The teacher often helps his students out. 那位老师经常帮他的学生解决问题。10.be excited about. 对兴奋I m excited about the game of Li Na. 我对李娜的比赛感到兴奋。exciting 修饰物重点语法：动词短语动词短语主要有以下四种构成形式：(1) 动词+介词这类动词短语主要有： agree with, ask for, arrive at, hear of, look at, take after, listen to 等。这类动词后的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。I m looking for my pen. Dont laugh at the poor man.(2)动词+副词这类动词短语有： find out, give out, look up, put on, turn on/off, wake up, work out 等。这类动词后面的宾语是名词时，名词可放在副词前面或后面；宾语是代词时， 代词只能放在副词前面。Please pick up the pen.= Please pick the pen up. It took him two hours to work it out. (3) 动词+名词+介词这类动词短语有： have a look at, make friends with, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to等。在这类动词短语中，宾语都放在介词之后。You should pay more attention to your pronunciation. (4) 动词+形容词 +介词这类动词短语有： be angry with, be busy with, be good for, be different from, be interested in, be good at等。【例题】 (1) ( ) When you don t know a word, you can _in the dictionary.A. look it up B. set it up C. give it up D. pick it up (2) ( ) We will have dinner at the restaurant, which is famous _its sea food. A. of B. to C. for D.as Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 八年级英语下册知识点第5页 共 17 页重点短语 : take out the rubbish make the bed all the time borrow some money help with housework hang out with. a waste of time in order to as.as. take care of in surprise do the dishes as a result 语言知识归纳：1. work on 从事于；着手干The writer is working on a new book. 那位作家正在写一本新书。She is going to work on her physics project. 她打算从事她的物理项目。【例题】 ( ) The scientists are_inventing some methods of producing electricity. A. working on B. working out C. working at D. working for 2. at least 至少at least 修饰时间、距离、长度等，以加强语气。翻译短语位 at most,意为“ 至多，最多 ” 。He kept me waiting at least an hour. There were fifty people there at most. 3. all the time 一直；总是Things are changing all the time. 事情一直在变化。【拓展】 time 相关的短语on time 准时at the same time同时in time 及时From time to time 偶尔the first time 第一次【例题】选出能代替句中划线部分的一项。( ) I always go shopping on Friday. A. all the time B. all the same C.all along D. all the way 5. I m just as tired as you are! 我和你一样累。as.as意为“ 和一样”,表示同级比较。 as.as中间要用形容词或副词原级。This story is as interesting as that one. 这个故事和那个一样有趣。否定式为 not as/so.as, 意为“ 不如” 。The garden is not so beautiful as you thought. 【例题】 ( ) He speaks French well, but of course not_a person born in France. A.as clear as B. clearer than C. as clearly as D. the more clearly 6. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. 一个星期，她不做家务，我也不做家务。so,neither 倒装句型So + 助动词 / be动词/ 情态动词 + 主语Neither + 助动词 / be 动词/ 情态动词 + 主语这两种结构常用来说明前面所说的情况，后面某人（物）也是这样。助动词/ be 动词/ 情态动词在形式上与前句的谓语保持一致，而其单复形式由后句的主语决定。So依附于肯定句， neither 依附于否定句。Bill watched TV last night. So did Ann. Lily isnt a teacher. Neither is Mary.【例题】 ( ) -I never drink coffee. -_. A.So do I B. So did I C. Neither did I D. Neither do I 7. 辨析 borrow 与 lend borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借（入）某物名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 八年级英语下册知识点第6页 共 17 页lend sth. to sb. / lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人【注】 borrow,lend 都是非延续性动词，如果要表示“ 借多长时间 ” 要用 keep。【例题】 ( ) Although you like the book, you may only _it for two weeks. A. borrow B. keep C. lend D. stay 8. spend v. 花费（金钱；时间）spend + 钱/时间 + on sth. 在上花费时间或金钱spend + 时间 +( in) doing sth. 花时间做某事【例题】 ( ) Yang Feng _ every Saturday afternoon volunteering in an old peoples home.A. costs B. takes C. pays D. spends 8. provide v. 提供；给予provide sth. The restaurant provide the best service. provide sb. with sth. The parents provide the children with food and clothes. provide sth. for sb. The schools provide desks and chairs for the students. 【例题】 ( ) To protect the environment, supermarkets dont _ free plastic bags to shoppers.A. take B. show C. provide D. carry 10. depend on 依靠；依赖；相信depend on为固定短语，不能用进行时态，也不可用被动语态As we know, good results depend on hard work. You can t depend on your parents forever.10. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future. 孩子越早学会独立，对他们的将来就越好。the + 比较级 .，the + 比较级 . “ 越就越”The harder you work at your study, the better grades you will have. 【例题】 ( ) -There was thick haze( 雾霾) in our city this spring. What do you think of it ？-I think _cars we drive, _pollution our city will have. A. the fewer; the fewer B. the fewer; the less C. The more; the fewer D. the more; the less 11. in order to 的用法(1) in order to 意为“ 为了” ，强调目的，后接动词原形。In order to let the students hear him, he spoke loudly. We have to study hard in order to pass the exam. In order not to be late for school, she took a taxi. (2)含 in order to 的句子可以转变为由so that或 in order that 引导的状语从句。She ran quickly in order to catch the bus. She ran quickly in order that she could catch the bus. She ran quickly so that she could catch the bus. 12. as a result的用法as a result用于引出结果，常用于两个句子之间，其中一个是另一个的结果，且前后用标点符号将两个句子隔开，意为 “ 结果是” 。He didn t listen carefully. As a result, he couldnt work out the maths problem.【注】 as a result of 的意思是 “ 由于，因为 ” ， 相当于 because of 。Peter was late as a result of the heavy rain.= Peter was late because of the heavy rain. 【例题】 ( ) The boy studied hard. _, he passed the exam. A. Ia fact B. On time C. After all D. As a result 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 八年级英语下册知识点第7页 共 17 页Unit 4 Why don t you talk to your parents?重点短语 : look through work out get on with cut out compare.with in one s opiniona big deal so that get into a fight communicate with not.until. call sb. up instead of 语言知识归纳：1. Why don t you talk to your parents?Why dont you do sth.= Why not do sth. “为什么不 ?”【拓展】提出建议的句型What/How about doing sth.? 做某事怎么样？Shall we do sth.? 我们做某事好吗？Youd better(not) do sth. 你最好（不）做某事。Why dont you do sth. 为什么不做某事呢？Would you mind doing sth.? 你介意做某事吗？2. allow v. 允许，许可 allow sb. to do sth. “允许某人做某事 “My parents allow me to play computer game on weekends. allow doing sth. “ 允许做某事 ”She doesn t allow smoking in her house. allow+名词We cant allow such a thing.【例题】 ( ) Do you often allow_until 11:00 p.m. A. to stay up B. stay up C. staying up D. and stay up 3. work out 产生效果，进展 Things worked out quite well for us. 对我们来说，事情进展很好。He worked out the maths problem. 他算出了这道数学题。Can you work out the problem alone? 你一个人能把问题搞清楚吗？4. communicate v. 交流信息；沟通I can t communicate with them at the moment. 此刻我无法同他们进行交流。communication n.交流People can t get on well with each other without communication. 没有交流，人们就无法相处得好。【例题】选出能代替句中划线部分的一项。( )People choose to keep in touch with their friends by e-mail. A. write B. read C.agree D. communicate 5. argue vi. 争论；争吵argue with sb. 与某人争论Dont argue with your parents. 不要和你的父母争论。argue的名词形式是“argument ”, have an argument with sb. 与某人辩论。Alice hand an argument with her best friend. 【例题】 ( )I never argue _my parents. A.in B.to C.for D.with 6. instead adv. 代替，顶替名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 八年级英语下册知识点第8页 共 17 页If you are busy, you may come another day instead. 【辨析】 instead 与 instead of instead 副词舍前取后，可单独使用，位于句首或句末。instead of 介词短语舍后取前，后面常跟名词，代词及动词ing。He didn t answer. He asked his father instead. We eat rice instead of noodles. 【例题】 ( ) What a nice day! We should go sightseeing _watching TV in the hotel. A.because of B. instead of C.together with D.out 7. offer v. 提供；提出；建议 offer 做“ 提供” 讲时，可接双宾语。offer sth. to sb.= offer sb. sth. 向某人提供某物The waitress offered a cup of tea to the man.= The waitress offered the man a cup of tea. offer 还有“ 提出，建议 ” 的意思，其后接不定式，表示主动提出做某事。The old man offered to lend the boy some money. 【例题】 ( ) The little boy _ his seat to an old lady on the crowded bus. A. lent B. offered C. took D. brought 8. And they are always comparing them with other children. compare 作动词，意为 “ 比较， 和相比” 。 compare.with. 把同相比较Parents shouldnt always compare their children with others. 父母们不该总是把自己的孩子同别人相比较。 compare.to. 把比作People often compare the life to a stage. 人们常把生活比作一个舞台。【例题】 ( ) My handwriting can not be compared_ my fathers.A. to B. with C. on D.for 11. My cousin borrows my things without returning them. return 意为“ 归还” ，其后可接双宾语return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. Dont forget to return me the keys. return 还有“ 返回” 的意思，相当于go back, 后接地点时需要介词to。He returned to Shanghai a week ago. 【例题】 那本书你还给图书馆了吗？Did you _the book_the library? ( ) I dont know when we will _Hong Kong.A. return back B. return to C. return back to D.return Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came? 重点短语 : go off pick up fall asleep die down make ones way in silencetake down at first wait for in a mess the rest of have meaning to basketball competition as well make sure 语言知识归纳：名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 八年级英语下册知识点第9页 共 17 页1. while 当的时候作连词引导时间状语从句，在while 引导的从句中，其谓语动词只能是延续性动词，强调主从句中的动作或状态同时发生。While I was watching TV, someone knocked at the door. when意为“ 当时” ，动作有一前一后的意思。When I passed that room I heard someone singing. while 作连词时也可理解为 “ 然而” ，表示转折关系。I like apples while my sister doesnt.【例题】 ( ) Tom likes reading a newspaper_he is having breakfast. A.until B.while C.because D.though ( )Mary was talking on the phone _someone knocked at the door. A.while B.before C.when D.after 2. make sure 查明；确信 make sure of sth. make sure to do sth. make sure that + 从句【例题】 ( ) Read your English paper again and _there is no mistake in it before you hand it in. A.make sure B.turn up C.come out D.look for 3. I got to the bus stop but I still missed the bus. get意为“ 到达” 时，是不及物动词，后面跟地点名词时，要加介词to。How can I get to the nearest supermarket ? 表示“ 到达” 的三种形式： arrive 意为到达at + 小地点arrive in + 大地点 get to 后接地点名词。He got to school at 7:00 this morning. reach意为“ 到达” ，是及物动词，后面直接跟地点名词。When did you reach America? 【例题】 ( ) Please write to me as soon as you _ your school. A.get to B.reach to C.arrive D.come ( ) -When did your aunt_in Shandong? -Yesterday afternoon. A.reach B.get C.arrive D.come 4. People often remember what they were doing when they heard the news of important events in history. hear动词, 意为“ 听说” 。常用结构为： hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事 hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事 hear of/about sb. /sth. 听说某人或某事 hear from sb. 收到某人的来信 hear + that从句听说【例题】 ( )Tom likes to _others but he never writes to them. A.hear B.hear of C.hear about D.hear from ( )-When did you _the news? -Just now. A.hear about B.hear from C.heard D.hearing 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 八年级英语下册知识点第10页 共 17 页5. I played the song without any mistakes. without 介词,意为“ 无；没有 ” ，其反义词为 with,后接名词、代词或动词ing。Fish can t live without water.He went to work without having breakfast. 【例题】她没敲门就进了房间。She entered the room_ _at the door. 你不戴眼镜能看得清东西吗？Can you see clearly _your _Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains. 重点短语 : a little bit instead of turn.into once upon a time fall in love get married as soon as instead of give birth to be born turn.into 语言知识归纳：2. try 的用法 try to do sth. 尽力做某事He is trying to learn English. try doing sth. 试着做某事You should try taking more exercise. try ones best 尽力I ll try my best to help him. try on 试穿Would you like to try this dress on? 2. remind vt. 使想起，提醒 remind sb. of/about sth. 使某人想起某事The song remind me of my childhood. remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事Peter reminded her to attend the meeting on time. 4. What do you think of .? 你认为 怎么样？What do you think of .? = How do you like.? 注：think 后接动名词， like 后接带 to 的不定式如：What do you think of going climbing tomorrow? =How do you like to go climbing tomorrow? 你认为明天去爬山怎么样？【例题】 ( ) -_do you think of the football match? -It s perfect. Its more exciting than_match that I have ever watched.A. How; any other B. How; any others C. What; any other D. What; any others 5. Neither of you is wrong. 你们两个都没错。neither 两者都不；也不e.g. Neither of the ideas is good. I like neither subject. neither 作连词，表示 “ 既不也不” ，连接两个主语时，谓语动词要遵循就近原则。e.g. Neither you nor he is in this team. Neither he nor I am a teacher. 【例题】 ( ) -Which do you prefer, a CD player or a walk man? -_. I prefer a computer. A. Both B. Either C. None D. Neither 5. unless的用法unless的意思是 “ 除非，如果不 ” ，相当于 if not,用来引导条件状语从句。主句同常用将来时，从句用一般现在时。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 10 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 八年级英语下册知识点第11页 共 17 页e.g. You will miss the early bus unless you get up early. We won t go to the cinema tomorrow unless my mother does.【例题】 ( )We can t be successful _we keep working hard.A.if B.unless C.because D.when 6. so.that. 如此以至于 so.that. 可以转化为简单句，要用too.to.或 not.enough to. 句型时， not 后要用原句中的形容词或副词的反义词。She is so young that she cant look after herself.= She is too young to look after herself. = She is not old enough to look after herself. 【例题】 ( )-You study _hard_youre sure to pass the exam.-Thank you for saying so. A.enough; to B.as;as C.so; that 7. as soon as 一就as soon as 为连词，引导时间状语从句当主句是一般将来时或祈使句时，从句通常用一般现在时，简称“ 主将从现 ” 。e.g. Ill tell her about the matter as soon as she returns home.I ll ring you up as soon as I got to Sanya.【例题】 ( )-Will you please give the dictionary to Jane? -Sure. Ill give it to her_she arrives here.A.before B.until C.because D.as soon as 8. the whole family 全家whole 的用法作形容词，意为 “ 全部的；完整的 ” 。the whole night 整夜in the whole world 全世界作名词，意为 “ 全部，全体，整个 ” 。as a whole作为整体the whole of China 整个中国【辨析】 whole 与 all whole 一般位于冠词、所有格或别的限定词之后，而all 则位于这些词之前all the time/ the whole time 整个时间all my life/ my whole life 我的一生all the class/ the whole class 整个班级【例题】 ( ) Alison has been skating for_two hours. A.the all B.whole the C.the whole D.all of 9. be made of 与 be made from 由制成be made of 表示制成成品后，仍可以看出原材料The desks are made of wood. be made from 看不出原材料，属于化学变化Paper is made of wood. 【例题】 ( )This pair of shoes_by hand, and it _very comfortable. A.is made from; is felt B.are made of; feels C.is made by; feels Unit 7 What s the highest mountain in the world?重点短语 : feel free as far as I know in the face of even though at birth walk into 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 11 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 八年级英语下册知识点第12页 共 17 页fall over or so take in many times endangered animals achieve ones dream 语言知识归纳：3. 比较级和最高级的特殊句型 “get/ become + 形容词比较级+ and + 形容词比较级” 表示“ 变得越来越 ” ，当形容词为多音节词（少数双音节词）时，用“ more and more + 原级” 。It gets warmer and warmer when spring comes. “the + 形容词比较级 ，the + 形容词比较级 ” 意为“ 越就越” 。The harder you work at your study, the better grades you will have. “one of the +最高级 +可数名词复数 ” 表示“ 最之一” 。Chengdu is one of the most beautiful cities in China. This is/was + the + 最高级 +名词+that 引导的定语从句。This is the most interesting story I have ever read. 三级句型之间的转换 形容词比较级 +than any other+ 单数名词This book is more difficult than any other book here. = This book is the most difficult of all. 形容词比较级 +than the other+ 复数名词Bill is taller than the other students in his class. 同级比较用 as.as., 否定式为 not as/so.as. He is as tall as his father. He is not as tall as his father. “more+ 形容词” 与“less+ 形容词 ” 及“not so/as .as”的互换。This question is more difficult than that one. =That question is less difficult than this one. =That question isnt so difficult as this one.2. 数量的表达英语中通常将数字放在单位词的前面，而将表示长、宽、高等的词放在单位词的后面。固定句式为：主语 +be+数词+形容词（长、宽、高、深） 。The boy is 1.7 meters tall. This building is 90 meters high. 5. China has the biggest population in the world. population 是集体名词，没有复数形式，作主语时，其后谓语动词用单数形式。The population of the school is 500. 指人口多少时，一般用large或 small 来表示。The population of China is larger than that of America. 提问“ 有多少人口 ” ，用 what 或 how large, 而不用 how many。Whats the population of China? 6. succeed v. 成功，做到succeed常与 in 连用， succeed in doing sth. ( 成功做某事）Did you succeed in booking the ticket? success n. 成功Working hard can lead to success. successful 用作形容词，意思是 “ 成功的 ” 。Linda is a successful dancer and she dances well. 【例题】 ( ) -Dear friends, please read every sentence carefully. Details decide_ or not. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 12 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 八年级英语下册知识点第13页 共 17 页A.success B.successful C.succeed 6. This elephant weighs many times more than this panda. （1）表示两倍用 twice,三倍（及以上）用 “ 基数词 +times ”。（2）倍数的表达：A+be+倍数+as+形容词 /副词原级 +as+B This classroom is three times as big as that one. 【例题】 ( )The car travels_the train. A. two time as fast as B.two times as fast as C.two time as faster as 7. We should protect whales from water pollution. protect 保护、保卫protect.from. “保护免受的侵害 ”Everyone should protect the environment from pollution. Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet? 重点短语 : full of hurry up science fiction country music ever since one another belong to finish doing sth. fight over millions of 语言知识归纳：4. 现在完成时(1) 用法： 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。I have posted the photos. 我已经把这些照片邮寄了。 表示过去发生的动作及状态一直持续到现在。He has studied English for three years. (2) 现在完成时的构成及其变化构成have / has + 动词的过去分词。其中have/has为助动词，没有实际意义，可缩写。Mike has = Mikes they have = theyve(3) 现在完成时常用的时间状语already, just, ever, yet, for two years, since 1995, so far, in the last few years 【例题】 ( ) -Did you borrow the comic book from the library? -Yes. I _ it for three days. Ill return it this afternoon. A.borrowed B.kept C.have borrowed D.have kept ( ) -Hello, may I speak to Miss. Wang? -Sorry, she isnt in. She_the office. A.has been to B.has gone to C.has been away ( ) -I ve got the final Harry Potter book. -You will love it. I _it twice already. A.am reading B.have read C.was reading D.will read 3. I ve already finished reading it! finish doing sth. 完成做某事They finished doing the work last week. 6. Who else is on my island? else意为“ 其他的 ”主要用在疑问词 who, whose, what, where, when及不定代词 somebody, anybody, nobody, someone, 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 13 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 八年级英语下册知识点第14页 共 17 页anyone, something, anything, nothing后面。-What else do you want? -Nothing else. other也作“ 其他的 ” 讲，但用法不同other是形容词，修饰名词，并放在名词前When are the other boys arrive? 另外 other 还可修饰代词 one或 ones。This story is more interesting than the other one. 【例题】用 else或 other 填空。(1) What _can you see in the picture? (2) Where are the _boys? (3) Give me the _pencil, not this one. (4) Whom _would you do it with? 7. .but not about belonging to a group. 但不是关于属于一个集体。belong to意为“ 属于” ，后接宾语，不用于进行时态和被动语态。This book belongs to me, but that one belongs to Mary. The new pen belongs to me. The honor belongs to Tom. 7. Sarah hasn t been to Nashville yet.have been to. 去过 【辨析】 have been to与 have gone to have been to+ 地名，表示 “ 某人曾经到过某地 ” ，现在已经不在那个地方了（回来了） 。have gone to 表示“ 已经去了某地 ” ，还没有回来，可能在那里或在途中。不能与段时间连用。John isn t here. Where has he gone?He has been to many places since he came to China. 【例题】 ( )A number of tourists_Yangzhou many times because it is such a beautiful city. A.have been to B.has been to C.has gone to D.have gone to 6. How does it make them feel? make为使役动词，后跟不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语即 make sb. do sth. My mother often makes me clean the room. make后跟复合宾语的类型 make + 宾语 + 名词Most pop singers make music their career. make + 宾语 + 形容词What he did makes his mother happy. make + 宾语 + 过去分词Can you make yourself understood? 7. Have you introduced this singer to others? introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人introduce oneself 做自我介绍Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum? 重点短语 : thousands of put up take the subway on the one hand.on the other hand. encourage sb. to do sth. have problem doing sth. practice doing sth. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 14 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 八年级英语下册知识点第15页 共 17 页close to during the day time all year round 语言知识归纳：1. Me neither. 我也没（去过）。Me neither = Neither have I. -I can t swim. -Me neither./ Neither can I. 【例题】 ( ) -I haven t been to Sanya, how about you? -_ . A. Me too. B. Me neither. C. Me also. D. Me haven t.( ) -Did you see Peter and Mike? -No, I saw_of them. A.neither B.either C.both D.none Neither he nor I _(am/is) a student. 4. It also encouragesgovernments and social groups to think about ways to improve toilets in the future. encourage 鼓励encourage sb. (to do sth.) 【例题】 ( ) -The teachers always encourage him_hard . A.study B.studies C.to study D.studying 7. Maybe you fear that you won t be able to find anything good to eat when you travel.fear 害怕；惧怕fear 的不同用法 fear to do sth. The girls fear to go out at night. fear for sb. /sth. Police fear for the lost children. fear that + 从句【例题】 (1)我们担心我们会在森林里迷路。We_ _we will get lost in the forest (2) Some students fear_ _(speak) in front of the class. 8. Whether you like Indian food, Western food or Japanese food, youll find it all in Singapore.whether 用作连词，意为 “ 不管（还是） ；或者 （或者） ” 。常用结构有： whether.or. Whether it is easy or it is difficult, we wont give up.5. unusual adj. 不同寻常的，罕见的前缀 un-表否定的意思有 “ 不，未，无 ” 之意。unhappy 不开心的unkind 冷酷的untidy 不整洁的unbelievable令人难以置信的unknown 不出名的7. On the one hand, more than three quarters of the population are Chinese. three quarters 是分数，意为 “ 四分之三 ” 。quarter有“ 一刻钟，四分之一 ” 的含义。在英语中表达分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词；如分子大于1，分母要用复数形式。3/5 three fifths 1/3 one third population 作“ 人口” 讲时，后面的谓语动词要用单数形式。8. .you wont have any problem getting rice, noodles or dumplings. have problems (in) doing sth. 做某事遇到困难或麻烦也可用 have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth./ with sth. He has some problems with his ears. They had problems in getting here. 8. It might seem strange to go to a zoo when its dark.名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 15 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 八年级英语下册知识点第16页 共 17 页seem作动词，意为 “ 似乎，好像 ” ，常用于下列句型：(1) seem+(to be)+ 名词/形容词 /介词He seems (to be) happy. They seemed teachers. (2) It seems + that从句It seems that theyre winning the match.(3) It seems as if. It seems as if he were in a dream.Unit 10 I ve had this bike for three years.重点短语 : at least millions of search for stay the same according to in one s opinionyard sale board game check out regard.as. no longer consider doing sth. to be honest 语言知识归纳：1. -How long have you had that bike over there? -I ve had it for three years.(1) how long 意为“ 多长时间 ” 用来对 for 或 since引导的时间状语提问。(2) for 后跟一段时间，谓语动词是延续性动词，常用语完成时中。I have lived here for ten yeas. 【例题】 ( ) -_have you stayed in New York? -For about two weeks. A. How soon B. How often C. How long D. How far ( ) I have had the bike_I was 15 years old. A.for B.since C.in D.on 5. My daughter was more understanding, although she also felt sad to part with certain toys. certain是形容词，意为 “ 某种；某事；某人 ” ，后接名词。For certain reasons, I will not come. 由于某些原因，我将不能来。与 certain相关的用法be certain to do sth. 一定会做某事Ann is certain to help us. be certain of. 对 有把握I m certain of his success.be certain that. 确信 It s certain that the earth is round.3. Among se is ZhangWei, a 46-year-old husband and father. among 是介词，用于三者或三者以上表示“ 在中；中之一 ” 。【例题】 ( ) This game is very popular _the boys in my class. A.between B.over C.among D.above 9. Whether you like Indian food, Western food or Japanese food, youll find it all in Singapore. whether 用作连词，意为 “ 不管（还是） ；或者 （或者） ” 。常用结构有： whether.or. Whether it is easy or it is difficult, we wont give up.5. We have decided to each sell five things that we no longer use. no longer=not.any longer, 常与延续性动词连用，意为“ 不再.”。He no longer lives here. He is no longer a student. 6. 延续性动词与非延续性动词。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 16 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - - 八年级英语下册知识点第17页 共 17 页完成句子1. I borrowed the book two days ago. I_the book for two days.2. I bought the bike two days ago. I_the bike for two days.3. His cat died two days ago. His cat_for two days.延续性动词表示行为或过程能持久地继续下去或能产生持久的影响，可以和“ 段时间 ” 连用。常见的延续性动词有： work, keep, have, sleep, live, stay 等。如：Theyve learnt English for five years.非延续性动词又称短暂性动词或终止性动词，这类动词表示行为或过程是短暂的或瞬间完成结束。常见的非延续性动词有： open, die, close, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy, arrive, leave, join, kill, lend, marry,reach等。不能和段时间连用。延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换非延续性动词延续性动词非延续性动词延续性动词非延续性动词延续性动词borrow keep begin/start be on come/go be here buy have leave be away from get married be married become be die be dead put on wear finish be over 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 17 页，共 17 页 - - - - - - - - -