How to write a Summary?1Summary A bridge between reading and writing what is a summary?2Definition of a summary A summary is a shortened version of the original.highlight the major points get the gist(main points) in a short period of time.be written in your own words3Differences between summary and abstract summary 概要、概括总结 abstract 论文摘要Abstract is a short-clear-high pointer. Summary is a little detailed out version of abstract. A summary reflects what the original contains, whereas an abstract reflects what the original is about. A summary contains the meat of the original, whereas an abstract contains only its skeletal structure.4e.g: a movie it is goodorit is a love story abstract there is a hero falls in love with a girl,he chases her,then they get married etc. summary when you write a paper, an abstract is needed, but you dont need to write a summary. We can say summary is a kind of tool . 5Characteristics of a good summarya summary must be comprehensivea summary must be concisea summary must be coherenta summary must be independent6上一页上一页Dos and donts when writing a summaryl the length of a summary: one-third to one-quarter of its original size.l a summary is writen in your own words, not in the words of the original selection. l a summary gives only main points of the text.l you should decide what type of a summary based on the needs for the reader. 7Styles of passagestylesfunctionsargumentation(议论文)show the writers points of viewnarration(记叙文)describe a person or an event, with afterthoughtsexposition(说明文)introduce something or phenomenon8Steps of summary writingreadingwritingmodifying9First: reading 1. Skim and scan the text to identify the topic and to understand how the information has been organized. 2. Reading carefully. Make a note of the writers main points in your own words.10Second: writing 1. use your own words 2.write in the third person - the passive voice (被动语态)11Third: modifying 1. omit repetition and details 2. revise the writing until you are sure that you have an accurate summary which flows logically.12Some skills of writing a summarySkill 1 : Omit the detailsSkill 2 : Omit the repetitionsSkill 3 : Omit the examplesSkill 4 : Use general (概括性) words instead of specific (具体的) wordsSkill 5 : Put the main points of a dialogue in the passive voiceSkill 6 : Find out the topic sentence or the key words13Some examples1. You can think of a way to manage your temper. Here are some tips: 1) We should try to calm down and figure out what we are really upset about. 2) Keep a diary. It can help you understand more about yourself and your feelings. 3) We can try to talk with our best friends to release stressful emotions. Summary: Skill _There are many tips for you to manage your temper.3: Omit the examples14 2. Nowadays more and more teenagers try to be more independent from their parents and sometimes become very rebellious. They always want to wear long and strange hair style, which their parents complain about a lot. They also spend too much time on the Internet and playing computer games.Summary: Skill _ Nowadays, there is an increasing tendency that more and more teenagers try to behave independently and differently.1: Omit the details153. Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly, “You put too salt on your food, Paul. Its not at all good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned, “Why on earth not! If you didnt have salt on your food it would taste awful like eating wood or sand just imagine bread without salt in it!”Summary: Skill _ Kate asked Paul not to use too much salt on his food and told him many disadvantages of it.5 : Put the main points of a dialogue in the passive voice164.She brought a lot of vegetables such as cabbage, carrots, cucumbers, tomatoes, potatoes and some eggs. She intended to invite all his friends for her birthday party at the weekend. Summary: Skill _ To hold her birthday party at the weekend, she bought a lot of vegetables.4: Use general words instead of specific words17Summaryunderstandingthe writing styletopic sentencekey wordsyour own wordsthe 3rd person1/3 to 1/4modify/revise18Thank you !19赠送精美图标1、字体安装与、字体安装与设置置如果您对PPT模板中的字体风格不满意，可进行批量替换，一次性更改各页面字体。1.在“开始”选项卡中，点击“替换”按钮右侧箭头，选择“替换字体”。（如下图）2.在图“替换”下拉列表中选择要更改字体。（如下图）3.在“替换为”下拉列表中选择替换字体。4.点击“替换”按钮，完成。212、替、替换模板中的模板中的图片片模板中的图片展示页面，您可以根据需要替换这些图片，下面介绍两种替换方法。方法一：更改图片方法一：更改图片1.选中模版中的图片（有些图片与其他对象进行了组合，选择时一定要选中图片本身，而不是组合）。2.单击鼠标右键，选择“更改图片”，选择要替换的图片。（如下图）注意：注意：为防止替换图片发生变形，请使用与原图长宽比例相同的图片。21PPT放映设置PPT放映场合不同，放映的要求也不同，下面将例举几种常用的放映设置方式。让让PPT停止自动播放停止自动播放1. 单击”幻灯片放映”选项卡，去除“使用计时”选项即可。让让PPT进行循环播放进行循环播放1.单击”幻灯片放映”选项卡中的“设置幻灯片放映”，在弹出对话框中勾选“循环放映，按ESC键终止”。22赠送精美图标1、字体安装与、字体安装与设置置如果您对PPT模板中的字体风格不满意，可进行批量替换，一次性更改各页面字体。1.在“开始”选项卡中，点击“替换”按钮右侧箭头，选择“替换字体”。（如下图）2.在图“替换”下拉列表中选择要更改字体。（如下图）3.在“替换为”下拉列表中选择替换字体。4.点击“替换”按钮，完成。242、替、替换模板中的模板中的图片片模板中的图片展示页面，您可以根据需要替换这些图片，下面介绍两种替换方法。方法一：更改图片方法一：更改图片1.选中模版中的图片（有些图片与其他对象进行了组合，选择时一定要选中图片本身，而不是组合）。2.单击鼠标右键，选择“更改图片”，选择要替换的图片。（如下图）注意：注意：为防止替换图片发生变形，请使用与原图长宽比例相同的图片。24PPT放映设置PPT放映场合不同，放映的要求也不同，下面将例举几种常用的放映设置方式。让让PPT停止自动播放停止自动播放1. 单击”幻灯片放映”选项卡，去除“使用计时”选项即可。让让PPT进行循环播放进行循环播放1.单击”幻灯片放映”选项卡中的“设置幻灯片放映”，在弹出对话框中勾选“循环放映，按ESC键终止”。25