乳腺乳腺mastectomy（乳腺切除） andsentinel s nt nl lymphl mf node biopsyba psi（前哨淋巴结活检）.breast cancermodified radical mastectomygynecomastia ,gainik umsti 男乳发育subcutaneous,s bkju: teini s gland resection （皮下腺体切除术）mastitis(乳腺炎)incision and drainage of mastitis乳腺炎切开引流术mastitis resection 乳腺炎扩大切除术breast conserving surgery.保乳术chest wall mass 胸壁肿物胃肠外科胃肠外科laparoscopic exploratory 腹腔镜下探查术double-cavity stoma reversion of ileum. ( 回肠双腔造楼回纳术)transverse colostomy（横结肠造口术）rectal cancer(直肠癌)gastric cancer（胃癌）colon cancer(结肠癌)ascending colon 升结肠radical resection（根治性切除）sigmoid colon cancer（乙状结肠癌）laparoscopic rectal cancer radical resection （腹腔镜直肠癌根治术）. exploratory laparotomy(剖腹探查)total gastrectomy. 全胃切除intestinal intest nl obstruction b str k n (阻)pyloricpail :rik obstruction 幽门梗阻gastric stromal tumor （胃间质瘤）abdominal cavity neoplasm(腹腔肿物)omentectomy(大网膜切除).right hemicolectomy ,hemik lekt mi右半结肠切除）corpora ventriculi neoplasm 胃体肿物胸科胸科esophageal carcinoma（食管癌）leinomyoma 平滑肌瘤cardiac carcinoma(贲门癌)pulmonary nodule（肺结节）lung wedge resection（肺楔形切除）radical resection of （根治性切除）inferior lobe of left lung lesion (左肺下叶病变)肠梗thoracoscopic（胸腔镜）inferior lobe basal segment（下叶基底段）lung cancer（肺癌）superior lobe of right lung resection（右肺上叶切除）exploratory thoracotomy（开胸探查）lymph nodes biopsy（淋巴结活检）mediastinal mass（纵膈肿瘤）thoracoscopic pulmonary lobectomy（胸腔镜下肺叶切除术longitudinalstraightonthebreastbonemediastinalmassresection（纵劈胸骨纵膈肿瘤切除术pulmonary bullae 肺大泡pneumonectomy(全肺切除术).pneumothorax nju:m :rks 气胸superior lobe apicoposterior segment left lung resection 左肺上叶尖后段切除pneumonectomy 全肺切除bone destruction 骨质破坏left fourth costatectomy 左侧第四肋骨切除术segmentectomy of right lung 右肺肺段切除术esophagogastrostomy 食管胃吻合术泌外泌外prostate cancer (前列腺癌)kidney / renal tumor（肾肿瘤）renal cysts 肾囊肿adrenal tumors（肾上腺肿瘤）adrenal pheochromocytoma（肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤）bladder mass（膀胱肿物）total cystectomy.（膀胱全切术）bilateral ureter skin stoma (双侧输尿管皮肤造口术)partial cystectomy （膀胱部分切除）cystitis（膀胱炎ureteral mass 输尿管肿物radical nephrectomy（根治性肾切除）nephroureterectomy with excision of bladder cuff肾输尿管膀胱袖状切除partial nephrectomy(肾部分切除)unroofing of renal cyst（肾囊肿去顶术 ainguinal hernia（腹股沟斜疝）inguinal mass腹股沟肿物herniorrhaphy,h :ni r fi(疝修补术)retroperitoneoscopy(后腹腔镜)retroperitoneal laparoscopic(后腹腔镜下)laparoscopic radical resection of prostate（腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除）transurethral resection of bladder cancer（经尿道膀胱癌切除）.penile malignant tumor（阴茎恶性肿瘤）partial amputation of penis (阴茎部分切除)testicular test kj l cyst(睾丸囊肿）epididymis,ep d d m s cyst(附睾囊肿）varicocele vr k ( ),sil 精索静脉曲张high ligation of ISV (internal spermatic vein) 精索内静脉高位结扎bilateral inguinal lymph node biopsy（双侧腹股沟淋巴结活检）.Hydrocele鞘膜积液耳鼻喉、口耳鼻喉、口thyroid neoplasm（甲状腺肿物）epiglottic cyst (会厌囊肿)thyroid tumorthyroid explorationvocal nodule（声带小结）laryngoscope laryngeal laser surgery（支撑喉镜下喉激光手术）parotid mass（腮腺肿物）resection of parotid plus facial nerve dissection（腮腺切除加面神经解剖）sphenoiditis(蝶窦炎)sinusitis（鼻窦炎）nasal polyp p l p鼻息肉tongue squamous carcinoma(舌鳞状细胞癌)tongue lesion exploration（舌病变探查）nasal endoscopic窦手术）.laryngeal mass（喉肿物）total laryngectomy and bilateral neck dissection （全喉切除加双颈清扫）facial squamous carcinoma(面颊鳞癌)oropharynx ur f rinks口咽mucosa(黏膜） lesion biopsylichen planus 扁平苔藓mandibular(下颌骨）upper jaw bone(上颌骨)maxillary sinus 上颌窦chronic tonsillitis (慢性扁桃体炎)tonsillar 扁桃体endoscopic bilateral tonsillectomy 鼻内镜下双侧扁桃体切除术thyroglossal cyst s st （甲状舌管囊肿）gingival d nd a vlneoplasm（牙龈肿物）dorsal lingual mass 舌背肿物palatine p l tain 上颚的 end sk pik sinus surgery（鼻内镜下鼻exelcymosis ekselsaim usis （拔牙）submaxillary ,s bm ks l r gland（颌下腺）submandibular ,s bm ndibjul mass (颌下肿物）external auditory canal(外耳道)otitis media (中耳炎）tympanitis,timp naitis (中耳炎)maxillectomy 上颌骨切除thrombophlebitis of sigmoid sinus(乙状窦血栓性静脉炎)tympanoplasty 鼓室成形theplastyofthecavityofauricularconcha耳 甲 腔 成形.(conchoplasty)jaw bone mass颌骨肿物thyroidectomy and neck dissections 甲状腺全切加颈清扫术vertical partial laryngectomy 喉垂直部分切除impacted tooth 阻生齿耳廓肿物 auricular masspreauricular fistula 耳前瘘管tracheotomy 气管切开术,tr ki t misubmental tumor 颏下肿物sublingual gland cyst 舌下腺囊肿肝外肝外Duodenal tumorDuodenal tumor 十二指肠肿物十二指肠肿物hepatic metastatic tumor(肝转移瘤)calculous cholecystitis(结石性胆囊炎）gallstone glst n （胆囊结石）pancreas 胰腺cholelithiasis( 胆 石 症 ) k l l a s s bile ductexploration 胆总管切开探查pancreatic tail neoplasm（胰尾肿物）pancreatic body and tail resection 胰体尾切除术cholangiocarcinoma 胆管癌choledochojejunostomy 胆总管空肠吻合术pancreaticoduodenectomy(胰十二指肠切除)hepatic cancer（肝癌）hepatic hemangiomahi,mnd om （肝血管瘤）cholecystic polyp(胆囊息肉)laparoscopic cholecystectomy（腹腔镜胆囊切除）obstructive jaundice (梗阻性黄疸)ultrasound guided microwave curing of liver cancer(超声引导下肝癌微波固化术）right hepatectomy 右半肝切除laparoscopic fenestration ,fen stre ( )n腹腔镜下开窗术pancreatic body and tail resection 胰体尾切除splenectomy spl nekt m 脾切除胆管占位 common bile duct妇科妇科myoma of uterus（子宫肌瘤）cervical lesions （宫颈病变）endometrial carcinoma(子宫内膜癌)cervical cancer（宫颈癌）uterus leiomyoma 子宫平滑肌瘤uterine cavity 宫腔occupation disease 占位性疾病ovarian cancer = oophoroma卵巢癌adenomyosis of uterus (子宫腺肌症)endometriosis（子宫内膜异位症）laparoscopicextensivetotalhysterectomyandpelviclymphadenectomy (腹腔镜下广泛全子宫切除，盆腔淋巴结清扫).hysteromyoma decollement (子宫肌瘤剥除术)laparoscopic hysterectomy (腹腔镜下全子宫切除)laparoscopic bilateral adnexectomy（腹腔镜下双附件切除）salpingectomy ,slpind ect mi.双侧输卵管切除术extensive resection of vaginal stump(阴道残端广泛切除)partial hysterectomy（部分子宫切除）pelvic mass (盆腔肿物)exploratory laparotomy(剖腹探查术)ovarian chocolate cyst（卵巢巧克力囊肿）laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy(腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术)endometrial atypical hyperplasia(子宫内膜不典型增生)extensive total uterectomy plus pelvic lymphadenectomy(广泛全子宫切除+盆腔淋巴结切除)Omentum majus 大网膜placenta previa (前置胎盘)intrauterine pregnancy（宫内孕）cesarean delivery.(剖宫产)vulvae carcinoma（外阴癌）resection of inguinal lymph nodes（腹股沟淋巴结切除）extensive vulvae resection（广泛外阴切除）adnexal(附件) masscervical conization（宫颈锥切术）scar pregnancy(瘢痕妊娠)caesarean(剖宫).oophorectomy (luanchao qiechu )prolapse pr l psof uterus ( 子宫脱垂)transvaginaltr nsveid3i:n lhysterectomy(TVH)andrepair of vaginal wall阴式子宫切除+阴道修补.salpingectomy(输卵管切除术）cytoreductive surgery 肿瘤细胞减灭术laparoscopic exploratory 腹腔镜下探查术hysteroscopic resection of cervical myoma. 宫腔镜下宫颈肌瘤切除术anterior vaginal wall prolapse 阴道前壁膨出神、骨科神、骨科posteriorthoracicvertebradecompression （ 胸 腰 椎 后 路 减压） ,internal fixation and vertebroplastylumbar spinal canal decompression and vertebroplasty and internalfixation 腰椎管减压,锥体成形,内固定术anterior L4 vertebral resection（经前路腰椎切除）prosthetic vertebral replacement（人工椎体置换）.bone graft（植骨术）bone cement filling 股水泥填充the medial malleolus 内踝shank k debridement 小腿清创术multiple fractured ribs 多发肋骨骨折 .proximal humerus bone fracture 肱骨近端骨折elbow(肘部)massforearm（前臂）neoplasmdebridement and suturing(清创缝合术).popliteal cyst（腘窝囊肿）pubis lesion biopsy耻骨病灶活检术hydrocephalus,haidr sef l s (脑积水)hypophysomahaip ufis n 垂体瘤=pituitarypitju:it ri adenomatrans-nasal approach on pituitary adenoma resection 经鼻蝶垂体瘤切除multiple meningioma(多发脑膜瘤)intracranial tumor（颅内肿瘤）top of the occipital lobe (枕叶) neoplasm (顶枕叶肿瘤)frontal mass (额叶占位）parietal lobe p rai t l(顶叶)cerebellar occupying 小脑占位temporal lobe 颞叶intraventricular hemorrhage 脑室出血Burr hole(钻孔引流)chronic subdural hematoma 慢性硬膜下血肿trepanation and drainage 钻孔引流术rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿关节炎open reduction and internal fixationopen reduction and internal fixation 切开复位内固定术切开复位内固定术distal radial fracture 桡骨远端骨折femoral fracture股骨骨折pinealgland( 松 果 体 )areacholesteatoma( 胆 脂 瘤 )hydrocephalus ventriculoperitoneal shunt (脑积水脑室腹腔分流).ulnar nerve exploration and release(尺神经探查松解).pterygopalatine fossa(翼腭窝)infratemporal fossa(颞下窝)middle cranial(颅中窝) fossaflap transposition coverage.转移皮瓣修复malignant melanoma 恶性黑色素瘤melanoma ,mel n um 黑色素瘤huge soft tissue tumor 巨大软组织肿瘤scapula 肩胛骨emergency intubation（急插管）spinal epidural anesthesia（椎管麻醉）cervical plexus block anaesthesia（颈丛阻滞麻醉）intravenous anesthesia（静脉麻醉）brachial plexus block anaesthesia（臂丛阻滞麻醉）spinal epidural anesthesia