定语从句和同位语从句的区别作者：日期 : 定语从句和同位语从句的区别一、定语从句是形容词从句，其作用相当于一个形容词，是用来修饰前面的名词或代词的；同位语从句是名词从句，其作用相当于一个名词，是对前面的名词作进一步解释的。例如：1 We heard the news that he had told her. 我们听到他对她说的消息。2 We heard the news that he had won the game. 我们听到消息他赢得了比赛。例 1 中的 that从句的作用相当于一个形容词，其作用是修饰the news ；例 2 中的 that从句的作用相当于一个名词，是对the news的进一步说明。二、定语从句的引导词在从句中充当一定的成分，可作主语、宾语、状语等；而同位语从句中的引导词在从句只起连接作用，不作任何句子成分。例如：1. A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是一种能飞的机器。2. The fact that they didnt finish the work has to be faced. 必须面对事实，他们没有完成工作。例 1 中的引导词that在从句中充当句子成分，作从句的主语，故为定语从句；例2 中的 that只起连接作用，引导从句解释fact的内容，不作任何句子成分，故为同位语从句。三、引导定语从句的关联词在从句中作宾语或状语时，可以省略或被其他词代替；而同位语从句的引导词一般不能省略，更不能被代替。例如：1. The news that she heard is true. 她听到的消息是真的。2. The news that she will go abroad is true. 她将出国这消息是真的。例 1 是定语从句，that可省略；例2 是同位语从句，that不能省略。3. The reason why he was chosen remains unknown. 他为什么被选上的原因还是不清楚。4. The idea why he was chosen attracted our attention. 他为什么会被选上，这一想法引起我们的注意。例 3 中 why 引导的是定语从句，why 可以被 for which 或 that 代替；例4 中 why 引导的是同位语从句，why 不能省去，也不能被其它词代替。四、同位语从句与其所修饰的名词之间是一种同位关系，二者之间存在逻辑上的系表关系，可用“主 +系+表”结构来表示。例如：The news that he won the first place is true. 他赢得冠军的那个消息是真的。上句若用“主+系+表”结构来表示，则是： The news is that he won the first place. 消息是他赢得了冠军。意思合理，系表结构成立，故为同位语从句。五、定语从句所修饰、限定的先行词可以是各类名词，可以有复数形式；而同位语从句一般都与抽象名词同位，一般没有复数形式。例如：1. The possibilities that she was offered seemed very great.她得到的可能性似乎大些。2. Her mother was worried about the possibility that her daughter dislike to go to school. 她的母亲很担心，她女儿有可能不喜欢上学。例 1 中的 possibilities是定语从句的先行词，可用复数形式；例2 中的 possibility是抽象名词，后接的是同位语从句，一般不用复数形式。六、由 when, why, where引导的定语从句分别修饰或说明表示时间、原因或地点的词，但它们引导的同位语从句一般不和表示时间或地点的词同位。例如：1. I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 我仍然记得初次来北京的那天。2. I have no idea when she will be back. 我不知道她何时回来。3. This is the house where I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住的房子。4. The question where we shall have a meeting hasnt decided. 我们到什么地方去开会，这个问题没有决定。例 1、3 中的 when和 where 引导的是定语从句，day 和 house 分别表示时间和地点；例2、4 中的 when和 where 引导的是同位语从句。同位语从句练习题1.Th at _ he orksard iswellknwn to us all. t at B.w at C.why D.whic he fa _ he as succssful oves hi abilty. A. hat B.wh t C which .why 3.Th ew _ h w idnapped surpi e us greatly. . hat B.that C.w y D.when .Hi sug stion _ e ting e de yed as turned down. wich .th C/ D t . ve n idea _ e wi l start. A whe B. a wat ./ 6. e come from the overnment with a m ssge _ the meeting wot be he d orrow Aif B tha .wet r D.which .Th thought _ig fail in he am wori him. A.wen B.wh h C. hat D hat 8.The oder _ e risoner b set fr e rri ed t late. A whi h B.wheth r C.th t D. hat 9.Th urse a e t yin t e r be t re ue e paie ts fear _ e ould di o the sease. 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Sh stil wderd hen she wou d le v s hoo. ? a oderi whether/if e dr is too shorte advise m whic books I shou d ead. 还可以做介词的宾语 . The i ger s i wrr es abo t w ere t l ve. ?Te price epends on ho many you ll by. 2, 由关系代词型 what 等代词引起的从句 ? I w ll tel you wha now.?We llgive whatevr help you need? I plan to ad whchver book you recommend. ? H s f her was sat sfied with w t e ha. ?She aked up t I ood. 3 ，由hat 引起的从句 , 在 bei ve, hink, supoe 后常不加 t at. ?在 t ink, elieve, spose, expect 等动词引起的宾语从句中 , 有时谓语尽管是否定意思 , 也只将前面的词否定 I n hink you n beat . He d esnt expe t we nee worry. ?有时在宾语和谓语之间可以插入一个间接宾语或状语 . Sh reminded e t a had a mti g ttend. The explaind to s at t ey di n mean to make s angry. 有时在这种带有复合宾语的句子中, th 引起的从句常常移到后面，前面用一个作为形式宾语. tho ht i v r mpos ble t at se ould c me. The too it or graned ha th s ngwas min. ?（三), 表语从句是接在系动词后面的宾语从句( 四）, 同位语从句 , 在 i a, fact rumr ，ne, pe，belif ， thou t, doub等等词后面 , 常常用 tha 或连接代词或副词引导从句.? had no idea th he wer i t plane. 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