学习目标学习目标1.1.掌握被动语态的用法掌握被动语态的用法2.2.掌握如何将主动语态变成掌握如何将主动语态变成被动语态被动语态英语的两大语态：英语的两大语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态和被动语态A.A.主动语态中主语是谓语动词的主动语态中主语是谓语动词的发出者发出者。宾语。宾语是谓语动词的对象。是谓语动词的对象。B.B.被动语态中主语是谓语动词的被动语态中主语是谓语动词的承受者承受者( (动作的动作的对象对象) )。被被动语态的的谓语构成构成:助动词助动词bebe动词过去分词动词过去分词什么时候要用被动语态呢？什么时候要用被动语态呢？在下列三种情况之一要用被在下列三种情况之一要用被动语态：不知道不知道动作的作的执行者是行者是谁，用被，用被动语态。没有必要指出没有必要指出谁是是动作的作的执行者，用被行者，用被动语态。需要需要强调动作的承受者作的承受者时，用被，用被动语态主动语态和被动语态结构的转换：主动语态和被动语态结构的转换：We clean our classroom every day.Our classroomis cleaned主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语by usevery day结构：主动语态：结构：主动语态：主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语 被动语态：被动语态：主语主语 be +过去分词过去分词by+宾语宾语即即即即: :、主变宾、宾变主、主变宾、宾变主、主变宾、宾变主、主变宾、宾变主, ,谓语动词变被动。谓语动词变被动。谓语动词变被动。谓语动词变被动。” ”( (注注注注: :主变宾即主语变为介词主变宾即主语变为介词主变宾即主语变为介词主变宾即主语变为介词byby宾语宾语宾语宾语) )注意把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。且把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。且bebe动词和新主语保持一致。如上例，所给的主动句子是一般动词和新主语保持一致。如上例，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，也要用一般现在时。现在时，改为被动语态时，也要用一般现在时。如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词词 byby的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中的主语的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中的主语wewe改为改为usus。归纳总结方法把主把主动语态改改为被被动语态可按可按“、”来来进行。即：行。即：变把主把主动语态的的宾语改改为被被动语态的主的主语，把主，把主动语态的主的主语改改为被被动语态的介的介词by的的宾语。套套根据原句的根据原句的时态套用相套用相应时态。注意注意注意人称的注意人称的变化而引起的主化而引起的主谓一致一致问题。例：例：Many people speak English. English by many people. He washed his shoes yesterday. His shoes by him yesterday.is spokenwere washed一变一变二套二套 三注意三注意各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表时 态主主动语态被被动语态1 一般一般现在在时do/doesam/is/are+过去分去分词2 一般一般过去去时didwas/were+过去分去分词3 一般将来一般将来时will/be going to+动词原原形形will/be going to+be+过去分去分词4 过去将来去将来时would+动词原形原形would+be+过去分去分词5 现在在进行行时am/is/are+现在分在分词am/is/are+being+过去分去分词6 过去去进行行时was/were+现在分在分词was/were+being+过去分去分词7 现在完成在完成时have/has+过去分去分词have/has+been+过去分去分词8 过去完成去完成时had+过去分去分词had+been+过去分去分词9 含情含情态动词情情态动词+动词原形原形情情态动词+be+过去分去分词在被动语态中要注意的问题在被动语态中要注意的问题一些使役一些使役动词(let, have, make等)或感官或感官动词(see, hearwatch,notice等)在主在主动语态中后面接的中后面接的动词不定式不定式不不带to，但改，但改为被被动语态时，要，要补上上to。如：。如：A.The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day. The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss.B.I saw him enter the house. He was seen to enter the house by me.C.The teacher let them leave the classroom after class. They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class.D.We hear her sing in the room every day. She is heard to sing in the room every day.注意注意当使用当使用see/hear/watch sb doing sthsee/hear/watch sb doing sth时，变为被动语态时，时，变为被动语态时， doingdoing保持不变。如：保持不变。如：I saw him going into the shop.(主动) He was seen going into the shop.(被动) 使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表主动语态被动语态使役动词make sb do sthsb be made to do sthhave sb do sthsb be had to do sthlet sb do sthsb be let to do sth感观动词see sb do sthsb be seen to do sthwatch sb do sthsb be watched to do sthhear sb do sthsb be heard to do sthnotice sb do sthsb be noticed to do sthgo 把下列主动句改为被动句把下列主动句改为被动句 Lily writes many letters every day. (主主动) They visited this farm last year.（主（主动）We have learned 3000 English words so far.（主（主动） Many letters are writtenby Lily every day. This farm was visitedby them last year.3000 English words have been learned by us so far.把下列主动句改为被动句把下列主动句改为被动句 1. The boy cleaned the desk a moment ago. The desk was cleaned by the boy a moment ago. 2. We will plant 2000 trees next year. 2000 trees will be planted by us next year. 3. You must keep the room clean and tidy. The room must be kept clean and tidy by you. 4. The police have caught the thief. The thief has been caught by the police. 5. The farmers are cutting down the trees on the hill. The trees on the hill are being cut down by the farmers.1.She waters the flowers every dayThe flowersevery day.are wateredby her3.They do their homework after school.Their homework is done by them after school. 2. I bought a computer last term A computer was bought (by me) last term.4.Our students mustnt smoke cigarettes.Cigarettes mustnt be smoked by our students.5.Chinese people built the Great Wall many years ago.The Great Wall was built by Chinese people many years ago. Fill in the blanks with the Passive Voice. 1、Tea _ (grow) in Fujian. 2、Chinese _ (speak) in China. 3、The bed _ (use) for sleeping. 4、Our classroom _ (clean) every day. 5、The cars _ (make) in Beijing.is grownis spokenis usedis cleanedare made