不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for/of+名词或代词宾格”构成。不定式不定式 to do一.结构结构 : to do (否定否定) not/never to do 二二. 时态与语态时态与语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行式不定式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing-(1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before.( (一般式表示与谓语的动作同时一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/ /几乎几乎/ /发生在发生在它之后它之后.).)( (在谓语动词发生的同时在谓语动词发生的同时, ,不定式的动作也不定式的动作也正在进行正在进行) )( (完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前) )(4).Were happy to have been working with you. ( (完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前, ,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续也继续) )lTo speak more is the best way to learn a language.lHe hoped to improve his English.lHe asked his mother to leave.lHe waked up early to catch the 1st train.1. 作主语作主语2. 作宾语作宾语3. 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语4. 作定语作定语5. 作状语作状语6. 作表语作表语7. 作独立成分作独立成分8. 与疑问词等连用与疑问词等连用三三. 用法用法/ 功能功能To see is to believe.Its important to learn English well .(1). 主语主语单个不定式作主语时单个不定式作主语时, ,谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数若不定式太长若不定式太长, ,往往用往往用itit作形式主语作形式主语, ,不定式置不定式置后后. .My job to help the patient.Your task to clean the classroom.isis(2). 表语表语I want to go home.The workers demanded to get better pay.I found it necessary to talk to him again.(3) 宾语宾语think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope, refuse, learn, set outchoose, decide, agree, manage, pretend, plan. afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, attempt, care, choose, claim, come, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, elect, The following verbs are normally followed by the infinitive.expect, fail, get, guarantee, hate, help, hesitate， hope, hurry, intend, learn, long, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise， refuse, say, seem, tend, threaten, want, wish The following verbs are normally followed by V-ing. avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, cant help The following verbs are normally followed by V-ing or the infinitive. love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend, attempt, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve, startThe teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.(4). 宾补宾补五看五看 watch see look at observe notice三使三使 let make have 二听二听 listen to hear一感觉一感觉: feele.g. I made him do his work.He was made to do his work (by me).注意注意1 help 后面的后面的“to”可省去可省去e.g. They often help the grandma (to) carry water.2 see, hear, watch, feel, notice, look at等表示等表示 感觉和感觉和let, make, have等表示使役的动词后等表示使役的动词后 面，不定式作宾语时要省面，不定式作宾语时要省“to” （注：被动（注：被动 语态不省语态不省to）3 不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词如果这些介词前有行为动词do的的各种形式各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带相反则带to.(1). She could do nothing but cry.(2). I have no choice but to go.(3).What do you like to do besides sleep.I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do .He is looking for a room to live in .There is nothing to worry about.(5). 定定语语(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词则不定式中要有介词.)请给我一支写字的笔请给我一支写字的笔.Please give me a pen to write with.不定式作定语时，应放在不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面被修饰词的后面，而，而且放在其他后置定语之后。且放在其他后置定语之后。1. 不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：(1)动宾关系动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。我有很多工作要做。 (2)主谓关系主谓关系 He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来。他总是第一个来。 (3)同位关系同位关系 We all have a chance to go to college. 我们都有上大学的机会。我们都有上大学的机会。2. 作定语的不定式如果是作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词不及物动词，或，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的相应的介词介词。3. 不定式所修饰的名词如果是不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或或way，不定式后面的不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去介词习惯上要省去。 e.g. He is looking for a room to live in. 他在找一个房间住。他在找一个房间住。e.g. He had no money and no place to live. 他没钱没地方住。他没钱没地方住。4. something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。e.g. Do you have anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗？你有什么东西要寄吗？I came here to see you.He got up early to catch the train.(6) 状语状语（表示目的或结果）（表示目的或结果）in order to , so as to ,enough to ,only to , too.to.,在一些短语中也有体现在一些短语中也有体现(7).独立结构独立结构to be frank, to be honest,To tell the truth, I dont agree with you.类似的结构类似的结构(8)(8)不定式与疑问词不定式与疑问词who,which, when, who,which, when, how, whathow, what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。充当主语、表语、宾语等。He didnt know what to say. .他不知道说什么。他不知道说什么。( (宾语宾语) ) How to solve the problem is very important. .如何解决这个问题很重要。如何解决这个问题很重要。( (主语主语) ) My question is when to start. .我的问题是什么我的问题是什么时候开始。时候开始。( (表语表语) )注意：注意：在与在与why连用时，只用于连用时，只用于why或或why not开头的简开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。 Why not have a rest?关于不定式中的小品词关于不定式中的小品词to (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下下文要文要 省略该动词省略该动词. eg: Would you like to go with me ? Id like to .(2). 不定式是不定式是to be 结构结构, be 不可省不可省. eg: Would you like to be a teacher? Id like to be.1.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.A.giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up2.The sentence wants _ once more.A.explained B. to explain C. being explained D. explaining3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.A.having been B. to have beenC. to be D. being4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay.A.to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be weaving D. to weave5.I found the German language hard _.A.learned B. learning C. to be learned D. to learn6.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _.A.turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. having turned it off几对易混淆的词组：几对易混淆的词组：stop to do sth. 停止去做某事停止去做某事 doing sth.停止正在做停止正在做forget to do sth.忘记去做忘记去做 doing sth.忘记已做了忘记已做了remember to do sth.记得去做记得去做 doing sth.记得曾经做记得曾经做7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A.to solving, making B. to solving, madeC. to solve, making D. to solve, made8. -What do you think of the school? -It is a very good _.A.school to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to study9. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no use.A.expected B. tried to B.C. managed to D. plannedC.10.We find it impossible for the work _D. ahead of time.E.to finish B. finishing F.C. being finished D. to be finishedG.11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train.H. -Why not _ there by boat for a I. change?J.to try to go B. try going K.C. to try going D. try to go 12._ a living, she had to work from morning till night.A.To make B. MadeB.C. Making D. To have madeC.13. I would rather starve to death than _D. for food.E.beg B. begging C. begged D. to begF.14.The boy pretended _ when his motherG. entered.H.reading B. to read I.C. to be reading D. being read1. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A.to have studied B. to study B.C. to be studying D. to have been studying2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A.not make B. not to make B.C. not making D. dont make3. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.A.expected B. to expect B.C. to be expecting D. expects4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B. to be seen B.C. seeing D. see5. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.A.it what to do with B. what to do with it B.C. what to do it with D. to do what with it6. The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A. who B. when C. how D. why 7. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning8. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to10. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B.eating not C. not to eat D.not eating11. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone12. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented13. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking14. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep15. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make1爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_ are both great happiness.2中国人民决不会征服。中国人民决不会征服。The Chinese people refuse _3据说他已经完成了他的工作。据说他已经完成了他的工作。He is said _.4 根据报道他们已安全到达。根据报道他们已安全到达。They are reported _To love and to be lovedto give in/ be conqueredto have finished/completed his workto have arrived safely5 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。I want this bike _.6 玛利仿佛已经告诉这件事了。玛利仿佛已经告诉这件事了。Mary seemed _.7众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。He is known _ a gold medal at the Olympic.to be repaired at once/ immediatelyto have been told about itto have been given1.He was overheard to say that he hoped John would resign.2.Peter was made to wait outside.3.He was heard to unlock the door and go out.4.The man was seen to shoot the woman on the street.5.The old lady was noticed to wipe her face with a handkerchief.I forgot to ask you to go to the bank.It is very important to turn off the electricity before you check the machine.I know how to make a mouse out of my handkerchief.Luckily, we dont have much more work to do.She was very pleased to have the opportunity to travel while she was young.She has been very successful in her work, and now her greatest wish is to get married and have a child.1. started pushing/ to push2. promised to go3. advise you to eat4. began shouting/to shout5. avoid falling 6. forget to call7. felt like throwing8. let them stay1. a. to tell b. spending2. a. putting b. to check3. a. talking b. to make c. to drink4. a. to get b. thinking