名师精编优秀教案英语阅读技巧。 希望大家马上验证，并通过这种方法，大家明白英语的答案是比较出来的，只有存在最佳答案的概念。高考英语阅读题型特征1、A 选项与原文一致，其他三个选项都有与原文不一致的地方2、四个选项都没有错误，但是A 选项比其他选项更好些3、四个选项都与原文不完全一致，但是A 选项相对好高考的简单题中，情况1 不少；但高考难题中，情况2 和 3 比较多。解题思路(1) 不要试图从原文去“得到” 答案，而是按照标准化试题的固有规律，采用选项比较、找相对最好的答案。(2) 原文的作用：能很容易地告诉你哪个选项是肯定不对的与原文一点关系都没有的选项肯定不对， 要排除掉； 能告诉你哪些选项可能正确部分意思与原文沾边的选项，留下来比较； 原文很难告诉你哪一个选项就肯定是正确答案，除非是极简单的个别题目或者你的英语能力超极高。(3)答案是比出来的，不是从原文中去得出来的：对比留下的选项中哪个相对最好，而不是对比每个选项与原文是否完全一致。解题技巧考场上快速选出答案是最重要的，这里说一下考试中较多出现的，就是所有选项与原文都沾边的情况。英语阅读选项比较原则掌握这3 个原则，基本可以将英语阅读拿下！1、英语 main idea（文章观点）题型选项原则2、比较原则（ A 推 B 原则） ：如果 A 选项能够证明B 选项成立，那么证明B 比 A 好，依次类推， 直接得出答案。 注意：该原则只能用在选项有共同点，且待选选项都与原文沾边，但是较难排除的情况3、虚实原则：答案中描述的范围越大，表达的越虚幻，则更加正确，因为英语表述中越实在，表示他描述的越片面，哪怕和原文语句一致。有时 A 推 B 原则符合虚实原则 下面我们看例题（07 年北京卷）：例 1：This passage is mainly about . ATeacher of the Year 2004 in the United States （描述一个老师）BMs Mellor s English teaching instruction （他是英语老师）CMs Mellor s teaching skills of learning English （教英语技巧的老师）Dpraises to Ms Mellor from other teachers （得到表扬的老师）我们看 BCD 选项都能证明A 对（描述一个老师） ，那么就直接选A，我们不要管为什么，也不必从原文去验证。从虚实角度上说，A 的范围最大，所以也选A。例 2： （题目不用看了）A. 如何使用幽默B. 演讲中加入幽默C. 不同的幽默战术ABC 三个选项都是与原文沾边的待选答案，那么按A 推 B 原则， BC 都可说明A“如何使用幽默” ，直接选 A。例 3：人们在做梦时，刚开始都是好梦，随着时间的推移，这个好梦会变成噩梦A. 人在做梦时，开始时都是好梦B. 随着时间的推移，好梦会变成噩梦精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 16 页名师精编优秀教案答案都与原文一致，那么大家看由B 可证明 A 成立， A 成立则不能说明B 成立，那么直接选 A 上面应用的是A 推 B 原则，下面我们来看虚实原则：例 4 This text is most probably written by _. A. a specialist in teenager studies B. a headmaster of a middle school C. a parent with teenage children D. a doctor for mental health problems 看原文可知道只有A 选项与原文沾边，但是对原文不理解的话，大家可看出A 选项范围最广，含义最虚。英语 main idea 原则：判断选项与原文沾边与否排除后，大多可应用虚实原则及A 推 B原则，如果有两个选项互为相反，则答案必为其中之一，其他两个选项直接排除。因为博文篇幅关系，就不列出更多例题了，需要大家自行验证，直接放出课程视频。本期视频包括英语、语文选择题技巧，都是即学即用的方法技巧，大家一定要在这里分享心得哦 马上考试了，希望大家能够应用得当，将这些技巧直接转化为分数。文章结构好似人骨架09 年高考英语作文构思法写作是高考英语中令很多考生感到十分苦恼的一个题型，也是一个失分率很高的题型。很多考生在写作时面临两个主要的困境：1、在高考时紧张的心理状态下以及短暂的构思时间中，很多考生针对题目中给出的话题可能在脑中浮现出一些观点，但仍然感到无从下手，不知道如何把这些观点按照一定的结构组织起来，使其不再是一个个的观点，而是一套观点。2、很多考生的语言表达功底不够深，总是用过于简单化的句子甚至是中式的句子来表达自己的意思，这样导致在语言上没有亮点，甚至还有很多语法等方面的错误。高考写作评分要求中，对 20-25 分这一档的文章有一条是：“应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽量使用复杂结构或较高级词汇所致。”由此可见，较为高级的语法结构是写作时的一个亮点，这也就意味着考生需要挖空心思地使用一些有一定难度的句型、短语等，以此来表现自己的英语实力。由于篇幅的限制，本文主要讨论一下高考作文应该如何去构思。首先大家应该了解的就是高考写作的结构。一篇文章的结构就相当于人的骨架。人的外形可以长得千奇百怪，但有一点必然是一样的，那就是每个人的骨架。有些畸形人之所以被视为畸形， 就在于骨架跟正常人不一样。高考作文也同样如此，不同人写的文章在遣词造句等方面很可能是不同的，但作为一篇经典的地道的英文议论文，其结构必然是一样的。高考作文作为一篇120-150words 的议论文，可以用三段十到十二句话来搞定。在这个结构中，第一段是“引言段”，其作用在于引出文章所要讨论的话题以及全文的中心句。以 2006 年上海高考作文为例，其题目要求是针对自己心仪的两所大学（南方大学和北方大学），通过比较做出选择，并说明理由。这个文章，很显然，其话题（topic）就是关于选择南方大学和北方大学的事情，而中心句必然就是“我的选择” 的是什么。 明白了这一点，本文就很容易开头了，比如可以这么写：Whether to go to the north for college or to enter a southern university has become a practical and significant issue facing the Senior Three students in Shanghai. As for me, after some careful consideration, I have decided to stay in the south for the coming four years university life. 这个开头一开始就提出了“到底选择哪个大学”的问题，接着又提出了自己的选择是什么。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 16 页名师精编优秀教案此处特别需要大家注意的是用词的多样化，注意避免重复。比如“去南方/北方读大学”这个表达在文章中没有重复过，分别使用了go to the north for college, enter a southern university, stay in the south for the coming four years university life. 再比如 2007 年高考题也可以如此开头。2007 年高考题目是： 以“礼物” 为主题写一篇文章，该文章必须包括以下内容：1、你送礼物的对象以及所送的礼物。2、该礼物对他（她）可能产生的影响或带来的变化。很多考生看到这个话题的时候就想象这个题目是不是在考一个记叙文，并且在看到题目的那一瞬间就开始构思一个故事。这种思维是不正确的，会导致考生无从下手，甚至出现跑题现象。事实上，这还是一篇议论文，其中心就是分析一下“礼物对一个人的影响”。所以在文章的开头首先应该引出“礼物” 这个话题， 比如可以这么写： It is universally acknowledged that a good present is of great value to a person and even prone to change his or her life.(1) As for me, one of the most meaningful presents I have given to others is a watch which had been given to Tom, one of my best friends.(2) 此处第（ 1）个句子引出了“礼物”这个话题，并且契合文章的主题，即礼物对一个人有着重要意义甚至改变一个人的生活。第（2）句话则引出了中心句，即礼物是什么，给了谁。其中，黑体字部分是比较出彩的句型或短语。接下来要进行第二段也就是主体段落的写作。主体段一般先写一个过渡句，起到承上启下的作用（有时候过渡句也可以省略）。然后再写两个分论点，而每个分论点之后一般都有两个细节论证， 细节论证可以是作为论据支撑分论点，也可以是对分论点的进一步的阐释。本文就以 2007 年高考作文为例解释一下主体段落的写作技巧。在正式写作之前，首先需要列一个提纲，知道自己将要写什么。比如一块手表给一个朋友带来的影响可以有两个方面：一、这个朋友以前没有什么时间观念，有了这块表之后他可能会更加关注时间观念，做事情更加准时。二、这个朋友曾告诉你离开高中后很可能会十分想念高中的朋友，有了这块表，可以使他不那么孤单。首先做一个过渡：I wish that the present will bring him a number of influences. 接着写第一个论点及其细节论证：First, hopefully, with the watch, he will pay more attention to punctuality, which is an important merit of a person. In the past, diligent and warm-hearted as he was, he sometimes had no sense of time, which caused him to be late for many things and led to some trouble in work. In the future, the watch will always remind him of the time so that he will be able to do everything on time. 再写第二个论点及其细节论证：Whats more, I hope this watch will bring happy memories to him in the future. He used to tell me that he might feel lonely in the future after leaving high school and entering a completely new environment. The gift will surely bring him back to the good old days we gaily spent together and make him feel better when he misses the old friends in high school. 最后的总结一般用一句话即可，可以是对全文观点的归纳，也可以顺带提出自己的一个建议或者希望。但是建议或者希望的内容一定要简洁，否则就被视为跑题。比如 2007 年高考作文的结尾就可以写为：I do wish that Tom will like this present, which will bring him a profound influence and motivate him to fight for a better future. 另外如果文章讨论的是一些具有负面影响的问题，也可以在结尾时顺带提一下如何解决这个问题， 比如关于代沟产生的原因的话题，最后结尾的时候可以一方面总结代沟之原因，另一方面说出你的建议。例如：It is the lack of communication between the parents and the children that have led to the generation gap, and it is advisable that the both generations should talk more with each other to bridge the gap. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 16 页名师精编优秀教案在高考写作的评分标准中，语言占了10 分，内容 10 分，结构 5 分。但是事实上，掌握好结构远远超过了5 分的收益。 一个考生如果不懂文章应该是什么样的结构，就很可能不知道应该如何构思，不知道怎么构思，文章的内容就会不符合逻辑，甚至文不对题，导致在内容上失分，而一个内容不充实的文章，也很难在语言上出彩。这样一来，结构可谓“牵一发而动全身” ，关系到整篇文章的写作。所以建议同学对结构好好研究，熟记于心。但同时要注意的是， 要从本质上来把握结构的逻辑，不必死板地套用结构，只要在逻辑上讲得清楚就是一篇好文章。 比如在细节论证的时候，有些同学如果使用了较长的句子，只用一个细节论证也是可以的。比如下面一篇文章从表面上看跟刚才讲的2007 年高考写作略有区别，但本质上其实是一个逻辑，请大家参考。It is universally acknowledged that a good present is of great value to a person and even prone to change his or her life. As for me, one of the most meaningful presents I have given to my friends is a watch which had accompanied me for more than three years. The watch was given to Tom, who is one of my best friends. Diligent and warm-hearted as he is, he sometimes has no sense of time, which causes him to be late for many things and leads to some trouble in work. By giving him such a watch, I hope he will pay more attention to punctuality, which will bring him more credibility in life and higher efficiency in both work and study. Besides, he used to tell me that he might feel lonely in the new environment after leaving the old friends in high school, and thus I hope that such a gift will remind him of the good old days we happily spent together and help him to feel better when he misses me. Anyway, I do wish that Tom will like this present, which hopefully will bring him good luck and motivate him to fight for a better future. 做题顺序【这是读文章的重点，也是难点，一定多多练习】1扫描题干，确定题型，划出关键信息词。2扫描文章，划出以下内容。【阅读文章的主要目的：抓框架，抓考点】(1)首段、各段首句、末段末句(2)与提干信息词相关内容(3)因果关系 (because, thus, therefore 等) (4)转折关系(but, however, yet) (5)强调信息： 1)绝对词汇2)比较级最高级3)强调句4)强信息词(6)并列 /列举：扫过标记(7)举例：扫过，知目的(8)指示性的具体信息：1) 时间对比2) 专有名词3) 数字3再次阅读题目，联系文章，解决简单题目。4对于难以确定的题目，再次回原文反复的看相关的信息点。略读一篇文章的主题信息通常会出现在以下几处：文章各段的首句和尾句这些处于较明显、较特殊位置的句子往往是段落和文章的主题句，具有相当大的重要性; 强转折处通常以 but, however, rather, yet, instead 等词为标志，这些词汇后面的句子是主题性信息 ; 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 16 页名师精编优秀教案因果关系处通常以 therefore, as a result, thus, so, That is why等词语或句式为标志，这些词汇或句式后面的句子是主题性信息; 递进处通常以 moreover, furthermore, whats more, whats the most important, most important of all, most importantly等词汇或短语为标志，这些词汇或短语后面出现的信息是被强调的信息，即主题信息出现的地方; 例证处通常以 for example, for instance, Lets take , Consider 等词汇、短语或句式为标志，这些词汇、短语或句式表示举例，也是支持性的细节信息，位于例子前后的句子一般都是例子要说明的主题; 并列处通常以 firstly, secondlyfinally, someothers , for one thingfor another, on the one hand on the other hand等组合为标志，这些组合都是支持性的细节信息，位于这些组合前后的句子一般都是这些细节信息所要支持的主题。跳读可以作为略读的辅助。跳读旨在掌握文章的全貌和要点，但又不必将文章中所有的词句全部都读进眼帘，句子中期补充说明、修饰限定作用的，在跳读过程中就可以略去不读。因此， 跳读主要是为了抓住句子的主干部分，忽略次要部分， 这种阅读方法并不影响读者对于文章主题信息的把握。当主题信息处是长难句时，这种方式尤为有效。跳读可以分为以下三种形式：根据特殊的标点符号提示，采用跳读法文章中的标点符号都有其一定的含义。如：两个逗号之间是插入成分或同位语; 括号内表示举例或补充说明; 冒号通常用来列举事物、附加解释说明性内容; 破折号通常放在解释性分句或句子前，或是用来列举前面总括的若干内容， 或是放在解释性的插入语之前或之后等。阅读时，可以将两个逗号之间的部分、括号内的部分、冒号后的部分、破折号后的部分和两个破折号之间的部分省略不读; 根据句法结构，采用跳读法主要是在遇到长难句时，抓住句子的主干部分，即主语部分、谓语部分和宾语部分，而其它补充成分，即定语(从句 )、状语 (从句 )和补语部分可以略去不读 ; 根据文章结构和组织形式及段落间逻辑关系、主题句等，采用跳读法阅读时，重点关注主题句、表明作者观点的词句，对于举例论证、引用论证、数据论证、正反论证、比喻论证等部分则一带而过，跳过不读。出题顺序题目顺序基本与行文顺序一致解题技巧 :一般情况下，快速阅读的题目顺序与原文的行文顺序是保持一致的，也就是说， 下一道题的出处一般位于前一道题出处后面。总体的试题顺序与文章的行文顺序一致的。把握题目顺序与行文顺序一致的基本规律，将节省我们的寻读时间。数字、年代解题技巧1 数字和年代在文章中通常以阿拉伯叔祖的形式出现，在周围都是英文字母的背景中就显得比较突出。因此，如果考题中含有数字，往往可以用来快速定位题目的出处。解题技巧2 数字和年代在文章中通常以阿拉伯数字的形式出现，但题干中可能对数字的形式有一定改动，如在数字的精确性和模糊性上变化。这时需要主义从逻辑关系上正确理精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 16 页名师精编优秀教案解数字之间的包含与被包含关系。第一次出现的人名、地名等专有名词解题技巧：专有名词以大写字母开头，在文章中显得比较突出，容易寻找。但是如果通篇都是讲与这个专有名词有关的事情时，这个专有名词有可能在全文中多次出现，而题目中也多次出现，这时就不建议用它来定位题目出处，而应该使用其他的定位词。题型与信息词1. 主旨题 ：询问主旨 无需信息词 ;放于最后答题2. 词汇题 ：询问词汇、短语或句子含义询问内容为信息词3. 细节题： 询问文中具体细节信息词不确定4. 态度题： 询问作者或他人对某物的态度一般无信息词5. 推断题： 对段落或全文进行推理信息词不确定 快速阅读原文作路标（划关键词），明确题型找题区（与题干有关的句子或段落），大部分题目的题干都在原文题区的基础上进行了变通，使用了不同的表达方式：词性转化、同义、近义替代、反义叙述、状语提示、概括总结、例子证明观点等。解答细节理解题，定位能力很重要；最基本方法是：定位 +改写 =正确答案，就近原则，核心名词，缩小范围，同义替换！照抄原文的不是解，同义替换的是解。原文、 问题、 选项三者相比较，重要性最高的是问题！ ！其次是选项！ ！最后是原文！必要性思维正确选项未必能充分完整地表达原文意思，而只要沾边即可。反之，不沾边的必错！问题中的细节和小词是关键！注意小词，比如：题干主语是people 就在文章中找 we,they ；题干中有used to 就要找含过去式的was，而不是is ，即使就近含关键字；题干中有now 就到文章中找today ，题干中有toy lions就找shopping而不是parks或forests，定位 +改写 =正确答案 !概括的、抽象的、与中心思想核心名词沾边的是正确选项。在遇到两个意思很相近的选项时：特别是假设A 选项正确，还能推出B 选项也正确的时候，究竟选哪个？要选B项！ ！因为 B项的范围包括了A，即 B大于 A，所以 B正确。some Much same certain still different 。 。 。被动measures should be taken 系表结构It is in danger! There be 句型将来时3G mobile phone is coming 首末句原则 ，即首段和末段原则（不要怕重复和回读）首段的作用：中心段抛砖引玉 . 定位 +改写 =正确答案 !定位 +改写 =正确答案 ! 务必要用排除法。排除法在此类题型中发挥着不可磨灭的作用。 根据在文章中找到的事实依据和常识排除错误信息，再排除和文章中一词不差的信息(文章里的原句不会是推理判断出来的结果，但通过同义词或句型转换过的选项有可能是正确答案)，最后再排除无关或偏离信息，正确答案就不言而喻了。解的十个特征1、 体现中心思想（包括段落中心）的是解；2、 照抄原文的不是解，同义替换的是解；精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 16 页名师精编优秀教案3、 含义不肯定的是解，如：can could may usually might most more or less be likely to ；含义绝对的不是解：must always never the most all any none 含义相反的是解；4、 具体的不是解，概括性的、抽象的是解；5、 带有 some 的是解： someone somebody sometime something certain；6、 简单的不是解，复杂的是解，字面意思不是解，含义深刻的是解；7、 带虚词的解：another other more either both also beside additional extra different same nearly not enough；8、 “变化”是解：change delay improve increase；9、 “重要的、基础的”是解：important necessary essential basis be based on ；10、二选一：反义项有解；形似项有解；近义项有解阅读文章的两大原则：知难而退、抓大放小原文对等的思想：像【这个思想在做题时要时时体会，务必掌握】1、错误选项不是让你不选的2、正确选项不是让你选的3、题干也不是随便出的4、题目不是随便凑的主旨题1) 读文章时重点关注文章的首段和首末句。按照西方人习惯性的思维方式和写作习惯，他们惯用的是演绎法：即文章一开始先扔出自己的核心观点，然后具体一步步论证。根据我的统计，每一段的第一句、第二句和最后一句话为本段的主题句的概率分别为50%、20%、20%，三句话成为主题句的概率超过九成，当然也就成为我们阅读的重中之重。2) 关注一篇文章或者一段话中有没有重复出现的词或词组、有没有黑体字或者是斜体字。如果有，通常这就是文章的核心概念。3) 问句不会是主题句。问句通常作为过渡或者是引子，因此应该忽略，真正的主题应该是这个问题的答案。4)关注一些表征强转折关系的连词“ but, yet, however, in fact, indeed, practically, virtually”等，这些词后面连接的通常都是一段话的主题句。5) 关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词：“ in brief/short, above/in/after/all in all, conclusion, to sum” 等，这些词后面连接的通常也都是一段话的主题句。6) 如果主题句含有show和 suggest等词，重点看其后的宾语从句。7) 掌握一些词组强调的重点。“ not only , but also *, * as well as , more * than , less , than * (*为 强调的重点 ) ” 。A. 根据文章第一段或首句确定文章的主旨。新闻报道的第一段一般首先概括全文的中心，另外有些说明性或议论性文章也会开门见山地提出文章的中心或阐述的观点，文章的第一句话或第一段就是对全文主旨大意的概括。后文对此进一步解释说明，一般上具体的事例或信息， 全文具有先总后分的特点。我们在捕捉文章的主题句时，应该对包含主题句的段落精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 16 页名师精编优秀教案进行适当的分析。例：Fear and its companion pain are two of the most useful things that men and animals possess if they are properly used. If fire didn t hurt when it burned, children would play with it until their hands were burned away. Similarly, if pain existed but fear didn t, a child could burn itself again and again because fear would not warn it to keep away from the fire that had burnt it before. A really fearless soldier-and some do exist-is not a good soldier because he is soon killed; and a dead soldier is of no use to his army. Fear and pain are therefore two guards without which men and animals might soon die out.Q: The best title for this passage should be_. A. No pains, No Gains B. Pain and Actions C. The Value of Fear D. The Reason Why People Fear 分析 ：B. 主题句在篇尾。主题句位于段末的文章的特点是作者采用了先摆事实，后下结论的写作手法。 作者在表述细节后，归纳要点、 结论、建议或结果， 以概括主题。 我们在做题时，要判断所读内容是细节性的描述还是对所涉及问题的集中表达。如果文章首先提及的内容多为一般性的事实、 细节的描写或具体的事例，则对文章中心的归纳或作者观点及意图的体现极有可能在最后， 可以重点细读最后一段，然后回过头来利用主题句进一步理解文章的细节。例：Free time increased considerably following the shortening of the working week, i.e. from six days to five days, and from ten hours to eight hours a day. In fact, the working day couldn t be too long, otherwise people wouldn t have the time to spend their money. The amount of a family s budget spent on outside entertainment, such as parties, films and concerts has increased from just under 6% in Ford s day to about 9% today. On the other hand, we spend only a quarter of what our great-grandparents paid for reading materials. It is difficult to see how ourspending patterns may change in the future. We already know that our population is aging and this will have an effect on the amount of money we spend on medical care. Q: What is the subject discussed in the text? A. Changing patterns in spending B. Changes in family planning C. Decrease in food demand D. Increase in family income 分析 ：C. 主旨出现在文章的中间。在有些议论文或说明文中作者首先列举或说明人们的错误观点或认识误区， 然后再点明自己的观点或说明的中心，最后点题， 这样文章的主题句就出现在篇中。例：A close friend siad: “If I could only figure this out, I think I could find happiness.” I have heard this before and will hear it again I am sure. Many people believe that finding happiness is all about finding something else they want. Not many have ever found long term happiness by achieving another goal. The answer to finding happiness is to look within yourself. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 16 页名师精编优秀教案In other words, happiness is a completely inside job. The most important piece to finding happiness is to comprehend happiness is a choice and not the result of an experience. If all happiness could be found as the result of an acquisition( 成就 ), meeting a goal, or having anything, then a person s happiness would always be subject to something else.Q: Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Look within to find happiness. B. Happiness, a choice or the result of an experience? C. The definition of happiness D. How can we create happiness? 分析 ：细节题阅读理解题目中的重量级选手。占的比重大，最少一篇文章考查3 个，最多考查5 个。正确选项答题方法：(1)同义改写 词汇转换，含义相同(2)同义转述 含义不同，本质相同答题方法 ：干扰项(1) 无中生有(2) 偷梁换柱(3) 自相矛盾(4) 过于绝对第一、二种是出题人常常采用的方法，尤其以第二种最难，对于干扰项， 一定要掌握 “ 像”这个特征，这是核心。关键信息词定位：同义、同形、混合定位。绝对词出现的处理方式：(1)文章中：作为重点信息标记出。(2)题干中：作为关键信息词标出。(3)选项中：只有与文章一致方为正确选项。(4)选项中：一般作为干扰选项出现; 假如与文章标记一致，才是正确选项。绝对词： must, always, never, the most, all, no, each, only, have to, any( 任何 ), completely, totally, hardly, every, rarely, seldom 不肯定语气词(作标记 )：can, could, may, might, should, some, usually, might, most, often, more or less, relatively, be likely to, possible, possibly, perhaps, maybe, to some degree, seem A. 从原文直接找到答案所需的信息。在解答这类题时，我们可采用 “ 对号入座 ” 的方法。先找到原文的关键信息，然后把原文中的信息跟后面的题目对照，即可得到答案。例：The new strategy involves fuel cells, which are devices that use chemical reactions to produce electrical currents. Researchers from St. Louis University used a type of protein called enzymes(酶). In the cells of living things, including people, enzymes are what spark chemical reactions. To keep up with the pace that our bodies demand, our cells constantly produce new enzymes as the old ones break down. Scientists had tried using enzymes in fuel cells before, but they had trouble keeping the electricity flowing . That s because, unlike the enzymes in our cells, the enzymes in fuel cells break down faster than they can be replaced. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 16 页名师精编优秀教案To get around this problem, the St. Louis researchers invented molecules that wrap around an enzyme and protect it. Inside this molecular pocket, an enzyme can last for months instead of days. Q: Researchers have molecules wrap around an enzyme in order to_. A. make the enzymes in fuel cells break down slower B. produce enough enzymes to break down C. keep up with the pace that our bodies demand D. keep the enzymes in fuel cells from breaking down 分析 ：B. 对信息进行加工。这类题目我们能够在文章中找到信息，但原文信息又不是做题所直接需要的， 需要我们对原文信息进行合理的加工处理，据此作简单推理。它是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型。例：In the summer of 1941, I was 5 years old. It was a time when the Nickles Bakery sent salesmen in red-and-white trucks door-to-door in our town of Greenville, Pennsylvania, selling baked goods. One day, a Nickles salesman drove his truck, loaded with goodies, into our driveway. He opened the rear doors, took out his display of baked goods and went into our home to offer my mother the specialties of the day. While he was inside, I sneaked around to the rear of his truck, with its doors wide open, and I took a package of oatmeal(燕麦 ) cookies, hurried to the rear of the house and ate the entire package of cookies. Soon, the truck sped away, and I never gave what I had done another thought until 27 years later, during the summer of 1968. Q: In the 27 years after he ate the oatmeal cookies, the author_. A. felt sorry all the time B. tried to find the salesman and pay him C. never thought about what he had done D. often remembered the scene 分析 ：C. 综合信息题。这类题目的信息不仅仅涉及文章的某一句话，还可能涉及文章的几句话，而且有时可能散落在文章的不同段落，因此要求我们把原文提供的信息综合起来分析，不能断章取义，张冠李戴。例：I located the bakery and told the superintendent(主管 ) my story, expecting him to understand my plight and tally up the charges. I d pay up and my conscience would be put at ease.Instead, he laughed out loud and said, “ You mean to tell me that you want to pay for something that happened 27 years ago, when you were only 5 years old?”精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 16 页名师精编优秀教案He laughed again and said, “ Reverend(牧师 ), consider the debt paid.”I felt relieved and my conscience was right. Q: Why did the author feel his conscience was right in the end? A. Because he paid for those cookies, plus 27 years of interest. B .Because he was respected as a minister by the superintendent. C. Because the superintendent told him the debt had been paid. D. Because he was pardoned by the superintendent. 分析 :推断题提问中需含有词汇：infer，imply ，Learn from ，Conclude，Suggest，seen from 等推断类型：全文推断，局部推断。判断标准：题目出现位置;位置重于表述。什么是 推断 ：(1)来自于原文相关处; (2)与其含义一致【注意，一定是原文对等】 全文推断 ：判断依据 ：(1)最后一题；(2)倒数第二题：假如最后一题为主旨题或者作者对全文的态度题时。答题方法 ：1. 对全文最后一段的推断。定位三句： 最后一段最后一句(或倒数第二句 )，最后一段主题句 (可能是第一句)，最后一段强调句。一般来讲，四选项中有涉及全文最后一段的相关内容，特别是全文最后一句或者倒数第二句时，此为答案。2. 对全文中心观点的推断。查找与中心观点一致的选项。3. 对文中不同信息点的推断，逐个定位，进行推断。推断题目中最难的题目，数量少。 局部推断：分为两种 ：(1)根据给定段落进行推断(段落推断 ); (2)根据给定的某个信息进行推断(信息点推断 )。答题方法 ：定位信息点和作者观点。干扰项 ：无根据推断(无中生有 )，推断过头，推断错误(自相矛盾 )。需要强调的是：推断的本质：一定是来自原文，且含义一致。任何一个推断题，找不到定位处，或者感觉模模糊糊，就要考虑是不是一个错误选项。A. 写作意图题。有些文章作者不点明自己的写作意图，而是让读者自己去体会，这种情况多出现在记叙文或夹叙夹议的文章中。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 16 页名师精编优秀教案例：ALBANY , New York- Students who rely on working at night to improve their grades might want to sleep on that strategy: a new survey in the U.S. says those who never study all night have slightly higher grades than those who do. A survey of 120 students at St. Lawrence University found that students who have never pulled an all-nighter on average have higher grades than those who have. The survey found those who do not study through the night have a grade point average of 3.2 compared to 2.95 for those who have. Q: The purpose of the passage is to tell us_. A. the bad effects of pulling an all-nighter B. pulling an all-nighter leads to sleep problems C. doubts about all-nighters D. all- nighters hurt students grades分析 :B. 态度倾向题。作者的态度倾向往往隐含在文章中，而不会明确说明，因此态度倾向题也是比较有难度的推理判断题型。这类题目一般分为两类：一是作者对某一具体事物的观点、看法；另一类是作者对某一人、物的评价。议论文或记叙文往往考查作者的态度倾向。如果是论文， 应该抓住作者的论点和论据；如果是记叙文， 应该特别注意作者总结性的文字。例：The NBA now has a serious image problem ; more than any other sport, its pulled in two opposite directions. As it s been for years, whites make up a majority of the fans; blacks make up a majority of the players. And as those players have benefited from ever-upward-spiraling(不断上升的 ) paychecks, theyve exercised their influence to shape the sight of the game around them in their own image. The NBA has the potential to be a bridge between cultures, a way to bring both sides together in cheering some of the best athletes of any color. But it s a fragile bridge indeed, where every black or white element apparently forces out its ethnic(种族的 ) opposite. And it s not hard to imagine a time when nobody will be interested in crossing over. Q: The author s attitude towards the NBA culture could be described as_.A. supportive B. doubtful C. critical D. neutral 分析 : C. 细节推断题。 细节推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而复出符合文章原意的结论的一种推断方法。此类题要求我们根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、具体信息等。解答此类题要从文章提供的信息出发，抓住关键的信息词，运用逻辑思维、哲学原理，并借助一定的常识，进行分析、推理、判断。进行细节推断，必须吃透相关文段的意思。例：In many countries the standard of living enjoyed by their people had increased rapidly in recent years. Sadly, not everyone in these countries is so fortunate and many people in rich countries are homeless. The reasons for homelessness are various, but poverty is undoubtedly one of the main causes. The homeless people may have become jobless and then unable to pay their rent and so no longer 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 16 页名师精编优秀教案have a roof over their heads. Often, the fact that unemployed people get help from the government prevents this from happening, but not always. Some cynics(愤世嫉俗的人) declare that homeless people choose to live the life which they lead. But who would willingly choose to live in a shop doorway, under a bridge or in a cardboard box? Q: It can be inferred from the text that_. A. you will not find homeless people in countries with a high standard of living. B. the mental ill live on the street because they want the company of other homeless people C. The unemployed who receive help may still be among the homeless D. the homeless are willing to live under a bridge or in a cardboad box 分析 :D. 逻辑结论题。 逻辑结论型试题的特点是考查我们的逻辑思维及判断能力，要求我们根据文章提供的细节，推断出合乎逻辑的内容。解答此类题我们首先要找出短文的主题，然后按题意要求进行推断。例：Chapman feels it his duty to help the rural areas that get left behind. Ask him about the satisfaction of setting up the community wireless network and he ll mention two women who are attending online universities-or grandparents easily e-mailing their grandchildren far away. “ When the members of the community contribute their effort like this, they feel a sense of ownership,” Chapman says, “ We may operate the network, but it s owned by the citizens of the community. It s for the public good.”Q: From the last two paragraphs we know that_. A. West Virginia Broadhand only does good to old citizens B. West Virginia Broadhand is operated by the community C. Chapman is a man of social responsibilities D. Chapman isn t very much satisfied with his work分析 :E. 预测想象题。预测想象型试题考查的内容一般在文意中没有明确说明，因此我们要根据语篇， 把握作者的写作思路，对事件可能出现的结局后文可能涉及的内容以及上文的内容进行科学的、合理的预测。例：Completing a college application can take some time. But answering all the questions is not enough. Another important step is taking admissions tests. The SAT is the college entry test that American high school students most commonly take. Another one is the ACT. Colleges and universities may also require international students to take the TOEFL (the Test of English as a Foreign Language). If you have a general question for our Foreign Students Series, write to 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 16 页名师精编优秀教案specialvoanews.com Q: What will the author most probably talk about next/ A. SAT B. ACT C. FSS D. TOEFL 分析 :释义题解推断题最主要的方法是根据词义关系推断具体细节。具体策略：1.通过辨认细节的技巧2.借助常识3.务必要用排除法4.词句段篇，相互交融5.词的深刻内涵。答题核心答题关键一 ：表面含义选项常为干扰项。答题关键二 ：采用三句定位法：上一句，所在句，和下一句;同时关注暗示词三句定位的关键是要判断所考察短语与三句中某部分的关系。题型分析考纲内词汇 ： 考察词汇在特定上下文中选取特定含义的能力考纲外词汇 ： 考察根据上下文推断生词含义的能力陌生短语 ： 考察根据上下文理解推断短语在特定上下文中含义的能力句子 ： 考察根据上下文推断句子含义的能力同义关系同义关系指考察对象与上下文中的某部分含义一致。此时，可直接将上下文中含义一致的部分作为考察对象的含义答题即可。例如，假如文章中提到“A and B”考察对象为A，而 B 短语已知， A 的含义就是B 短语的含义。关键词 ：in other word, and, also, that is, xxx ( 名词 ) + 定语从句 ;xxx ( 名词 ) + be + 名词精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 16 页名师精编优秀教案或者从句 ;xxx ( 名词 ) + 同位语 ;xxx ( 名词 ) + be called /mean 反义关系反义关系指考察对象与上下文中某部分的含义相反。此时，可直接将上下文中含义的相反部分作为考察对象的含义答题即可。关键词 ：but, not, yet, however, although, though, while 表面含义一般来说， 释义题的干扰项常常是词、短语或句子的表面含义。实际上，释义题考查的更像是根据上下文猜测词、短语、句子的能力，而不是对考查内容的解能力。有趣的是，考查内容的字面意义到成了出题人编写错误选项的一个出发点。A. 根据定义、解释和复述猜测词义。这种情况下，生词往往出现在前面，定义或解释跟在生词的后面，由or 或破折号引出。因此只要找准并正确理解生词的释义，生词的含义也就清楚了。释义部分可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。在做这类题时，要注意生词与复述部分往往构成同位语，在句中多用逗号、破折号、冒号、分号等来连接。例： In another survey, 79% of teens agreed that people at their age arent careful enough when giving out information about themselves online. Besides, careless blogging can also affect blog viewers. When you are angry or frustrated, your blog is the first place you turn to. The words you post then may not be rational which you may regret later. To minimize the negative effect, change the permission setting and make such posts “ private” so that only you can read them. As long as you are careful with what you post, blogging is a great means of staying in touch with friends and displaying one s creative works.Q: The underlined word “rational” probably means_.A. strange B. perfect C. helpful D. reasonable 分析 :B. 根据因果关系猜测词义。因果关系总是同时出现在文章中，有时原因在前，结果在后；有时结果在前，原因在后，因此我们可以根据这一特定的逻辑关系来推测生词的含义。例：Technology greatly influences our standpoint on how fast we think everything needs to be done. If you put a dollar in the soda machine, you expect the bottle to move forward and fall down to the bottom. You can t count how many times you ve smacked the machine if it went too slow for your expectations. You wanted instant results, immediate fulfillment.Q: The underlined word “smacked” in the parag raph probably means_. A. clapped B. hit C. kicked D. pushed 分析 :C. 根据搭配、 对比关系猜测词义。有时分析句子结构，辨别句子成分， 分清搭配关系，是判断词义的前提，通过搭配关系得以确定划线名词指代的对象是人还是物。另外， 转折词but、让步条件状语从句以及unlike, in spite of, despite, however 等一些介词和副词都可以构成意义上的对比关系。例： Fine art treasures from many countries are kept in an art museum called the Louvre in 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页，共 16 页名师精编优秀教案Paris, France. The works of art have been collected by the people of France over many centuries. The Louvre has not always been a museum. The first building was a fort. In 1190, it was the king s castle with high walls and a round tower. It had a moat to keep out his enemies. Over the years, the number of buildings around the castle grew. By 1350, the castle was no longer needed as a fort. The Louvre became a palace home for French kings and queens. Q: The underlined word “moat” probably means_.A. a high tower built in former times where soldiers watched out for enemies B. a long and deep ditch dug round a castle and was usually filled with water C. a cart pulled by horses on which soldiers fought D. a long and high wall around castle 分析 : 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 16 页，共 16 页