Literary Translation 1.Definition of Style. a.the revised Edition of A Dictionary of Literary Terms (J.A. Cuddon, 1979): Style is “ the characteristic manner of expression in prose or verse; how a particular writer says things. The analysis and assessment of style involves examination of a writer s choice of words, his figures of speech, the devices (rhetorical and otherwise), the shape of his sentences (whether they be loose or periodic), the shape of paragraphs - indeed, of every conceivable aspect of his language and the way in which he uses it.”b.Theodore Savory: Style is the essential characteristics of every piece of writing, the outcome of the writer s personality and his emotions at the moment, and no single paragrraph can be put together withour revealing in some degree the nature of its author. c.de Buffon: style is the man 2.Translatability of style Theodore Savory: some people say “ A translationshould reflect the style of the original”and others say “ a tranlation should possess the style of the translator.”Alexander F. Tytler Nida Mao Dun: the original literary style is translatable. “ Literary translation is to reproduce the oriiginal artistic images in another language so that the reader of the translation may be inspired, moved and aesthetically entertained in the same way as one reads the original ” . The arguments for the opinion that the style of the original work is untranslatable: Different language can t express the same style. Puns, poem and other things are difficult to translate. (but a qualified translator is usually possessed of some appropriate ways of cracking his hard nuts in translation once he is determined to translate a work. E.g. This paper is our passport to the gallows. But there ? s no backing out now. If we don ? t hangtogether, we shall most assuredly hang seperately. 这张纸片儿就是咱们上绞架的通行证。今儿个谁都不准往后缩。咱们要是不摽到一块儿，保准会吊到一块儿。 ) The reproduction of the literary style of the original work is necessary and possible, yet it is really hard work to accomplish. 3It is undeniable that a good translator has his own style while writing his own work. But he knows that he should give give up his own style and strive to reproduce the style of the original in another suitable literary language while translating a literary work. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - Example one: Thomas Hardy: Tess of the D ? Urbervilles: “ Good night t? ee,” said the man with the basket. “ Good night, Sir John,” said the parson. The pedestrian , after another pace or two, halted, and turned round. “ Now, sir, begging your pardon; we met last market-day on this road about the same time, and I zaid ,Good night,? and you made reply ,Good night, Sir John,? as now.”“ I did,” said the parson. “ And once before that - near a month before. ”“ I may have. ”“ Then what might your meaning be in calling me ,Sir John? these different times, when I be plain Jack Durbeyfield, the haggler? ”“晚安，”挎篮子的人说。“约翰爵士，晚安。 ”牧师说。那个步行的男子又走了一两步，站住了脚，转过身来。“先生，对不起。上次赶集的日子，咱们差不多也是这样儿在这条路上碰见的，那回俺对你说晚安 ，你也跟刚才一样回答说约翰爵士，晚安。 ”“不错，是的” ，牧师说。“在那次以前，大概有一个月了，也有过这么一回。”“也许。”“俺分明是平平常常的杰克德北，一个乡下小贩子， 你可三番两次地老叫俺约翰爵士 ，到底是什么意思？”Theodore Dreiser: An American Tragedy Today, being driven by the necessity of doing something for himself, he entered the drug store which occupied the principle corner, facing 14th street at Baltimore, and finding a girl cashier in a small glass cage near the door, asked of her who was in charge of the soda fountain. Interested by his tentative and uncertain manner, as well as his deep and rather appealing eyes, and instinctively judging that he was looking for something to do, she observed: “ why, Mr. Secor, there, the manager of the store.”今天他因为急于要给自己想个办法，迫不得已，便走进了那家杂货店。这店铺坐落在巴尔第摩街路口，正面是十四号街，地位正当要冲。他看见靠近门口的一座小玻璃房里有一个女出纳员，就去向他打听卖汽水的柜台归谁负责。这个姑娘一看他那试探和踌躇的神情和他那双深沉的、相当讨人喜欢的眼睛，便对他发生了兴趣。她直觉地揣测到他是要找事做，便说： “噢！塞克尔先生，在那儿，它是本店的经理。”?汉语的美1. 形美?象形文字的美，首先从 象形 中派生出来。汉语的书法能写出神韵，写出气势，写出意境，这对英语来讲，简直是梦想。?比如：山雨欲来风满楼。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - ?凝视此诗句，特别是繁体汉语（如 山雨欲來風滿樓 ） ，七字的象形色彩，就给读者美感，给读者想象。 山雨 二字，似可见山之巍峨， 见雨之淋漓。 最后一个 楼 字，尤其繁体字 樓 ，细观之，层层叠叠的感觉油然而生。?相应的英语译文无形美可言。如：?The wind sweeping through the tower heralds a rising storm in the mountains. ?或 The rising wind forebodes the coming storm. ?汉语的形美，是世界上大多数语言文字所不可同日而语的。中国的书法作品能到英语国家去展览，那汉字之书法，或如龙似凤，或狂草如飞，或稳坐如钟，或娟秀如花，赏心悦目，美不胜收。英语呢？2.音美?就 音美 而言，汉语和英语有很大的不同。汉语是声调语言（tone language） ，汉语的四声构成了发音的抑扬顿挫，产生了一种音乐特征。由于语音的特性，汉语诗歌的格律为 平仄律 ，英语诗歌的格律为 轻重律 。利用发音的特点形成的语言游戏很难英汉互译。?例如 :一片片茫茫的绿色草原，一簇簇色泽晦暗的牧豆树和仙人掌，一群群小巧的木屋，一丛丛轻枝嫩叶的树林 一切都向东奔驰。?Vast flats of green grass, dull-hued spaces of mesquite and cactus, little groups of frame houses, woods of light and tender trees, all were sweeping into the east. 3. 词美16 17 世纪的英国哲学家Francis Bacon（弗兰西斯 ? 培根）的名篇Of Studies（ 论读书）的原文与其汉译，略作对比?Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in private ness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. ?读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。?For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. ?练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。?To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. ?读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰过盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。?They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. ?读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - 剪移接；而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。?Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. ?有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。?Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. ?读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细想?Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. ?书有可浅尝者，可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼慢咽。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。?Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things. ?书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而无味矣。?16 17 世纪的英国文豪Francis Bacon 若是地下有知，当会对此段之汉译而大发感慨！Of Studies 的汉语今译，是锦上添花！本已端庄的原文更加秀逸多姿，本已耐读的表达更加典雅精彩！语言的成功转换，令文章的内涵趋深、趋泛、趋秀、趋雅。4. 句美?四字句这种语言形式，确实传递了汉语语言美感的个性。?在汉译英的实践中，适当使用四字句，译文将一露文采。试比较：?aI could not dance in fetters. （19 世纪一英国诗人语）?粗译：我可不能带了脚镣来跳舞。?译文：击链而舞，非吾所能。（钱鍾书译）?bHe arrived at Shelley Hot Springs, tired and dusty, on Sunday night. ?粗译：星期日晚上，他来到了雪莱温泉，非常疲劳，同时又全身都是灰尘。?精译：星期日晚上，他来到了雪莱温泉，仆仆风尘，精疲力竭。?c He is an agitator, a disturber of the peace quick, impatient, positive, restless and disquieting. ?粗译：他是一个煽动者，一个打破安宁的人- 敏捷、急切、自信、好动和令人不安。?精译：他是一个鼓动家，一个打破平静生活的人物- 聪颖敏捷、充满渴望、坚定果断、不知疲倦并引发不安。?d Although lonely in a new land, Matzeliger was described by his fellow workers and students as 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - cheerful, of a friendly nature, honest, and modest. ?粗译：虽然马泽利格独自来到一个陌生之地，但是他的同事仍然把他形容为乐呵呵的、待人客气，诚实和谦逊。?精译：虽然马泽利格单身一人，又生活在异乡客地，但正如他的同事和学生所描述的那样，他性情开朗，待人友善，笃守诚信，谦逊朴实。?e She has beauty still, and, if it be not in its heyday, it is not yet in its autumn. ?粗译：她仍然美丽，假如不是她人生的全盛期，也还没有到人生之秋日。?精译：她美丽依旧，若非风华正茂，也未到迟暮之年。?f. Out of the total world population of 5.4 billion, one billion live in abject poverty; 800 million remain hungry every day; 960 million are illiterate. 在世界 54 亿总人口中，10 亿人生活在赤贫之中，8 亿人每日食不果腹，9.6 亿人目不识丁。?g. Ribentrop is a second-rate man with second-hand ideas. a)里宾特洛甫是个次等人物，思想是捡别人的。b)里宾特洛甫是个拾人牙慧的二流角色。?h. To see his likeness perpetuated in marble is to me today a sad but pleasing sensation。a)看到他的大理石塑像永存，今天对于我来说，有悲哀但也有高兴的感觉。b)今天看到他的这座永垂不朽的大理石塑像，我悲喜交加。?i. A few of the pictures are worth mentioning both for their technical excellence and interesting content. a)其中有些照片既由于其技术高超又由于其内容有趣而值得一提。b)有些照片技术高超，内容有趣，值得一提。j.The morning of June 27th was clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day; the flowers were blossoming profusely and the grass was richly green. 六月二十七日上午，天气晴朗，阳光明媚，鲜花盛开，绿草如茵，充满了盛夏之日的清新和温暖。k.After several years of observation and conversation, I defined four competencies evident to some extent in every ember of the group: management of attention, management of meaning, management of trust, and management of self. 经过几年的观察和交往，我发觉这群领导人在某种程度上都具备四种能力：引起注意、 善于表达、赢得信赖与驾驭自我的能力。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - l.If a man empties his purse into his head, no man can take it away from him, an investment in knowledge always pays the best interest. 清囊求知，无人能夺。投资知识，得益最多。短文翻译：Spring are not always the same. In some years, April bursts upon our Virginia hills in one prodigious leap- and all the stage is filled at once, whole choruses of tulips, arabesques of forsythia, cadenzas of flowering plum. The trees grow leaves overnight. In other years, spring tiptoes in. It pauses, overcome by shyness, like my grandchild at the door, peeping in, ducking out of sight, giggling in the hallway. I know you re out there, I cry. Come in! and April slips into our arms. 春天并非总是一模一样。四月，有时不知怎地一跃，就来到了弗吉尼亚的山坡上- 自然的大舞台上转眼到处生机勃勃。郁金香组成了大合唱，连翅展示出优美的舞姿，洋李奏起了华彩乐段。一夜之间，树木着装，绿叶瑟瑟。四月有时又蹑手蹑脚，向我的小孙女一样，羞羞答答地倚在门外，向里探探头，一闪又不见了，只是在门厅里咯咯地笑。“我知道你在那儿藏着呢。”我喊道。“进来！”春天这才悄然跑进我的怀抱。?范仲淹的岳阳楼记令人心驰。其中的四字句，高潮迭现，胜景层出！复读相关英译，读味顿去！?而或长烟一空，皓月千里；浮光耀金，静影沉璧；渔歌互答，此乐何极！登斯楼也，则有心旷神怡，宠辱皆忘，把酒临风，其喜气洋洋者矣。?Or when dusk falls over this vast expanse and bright moon casts its light a thousand li, when the rolling waves glitter like gold and silent shadows in the water glimmer like jade, and the fishermen sing to each other for sheer joy, then men coming up to this pavilion may feel complete freedom of heart and ease of spirit, forgetting every worldly gain or setback, to hold their wine cups against the breeze in absolute elation, delighted with life. ?古文如此，现代文中的四字句的英译，也同样让英语 寒碜 ！?如: ?平日，工作太忙，或交际过繁，你难得与古今智者，中外名家，相伴交谈。而今，你可凝视屏息，侧耳倾听，静心阅读，令学识渐长；你还可以依随自己的爱好，去干任何一件感兴趣之事。静听音乐，挥毫作画、 收拾 残局，甚至，翻阅影集、遥念亲人。如此等等，无一不是人生一乐！?At other times you may be so occupied with your work or social intercourse as to have no time for books. Then you can peacefully listen to wise men of all times, enriching yourself with their ideas, and enlarging your stock of knowledge. Or you can draw a picture, or arrange Chinese chess 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - for a near-end game. If you are in the mood, you may as well open an album and let the photos bring back memories of those now far away. Isn t any of these a real pleasure in life?5. 意（模糊）美?放下英语，拿起汉语，我们发现：汉语，逻辑淡出，模糊彰显。?汉语之模糊（ fuzziness） ，在朦胧里演绎清晰；在疏放中孕育意境。汉语之模糊，便建构了汉语之意美。然而， 模糊 含糊 。含糊，通常有两种：一是，语言表达低能的表现，言者，或是作者，尚缺乏语言驾驭能力的表现，言而无序，言而暧昧；二是，语言心理障碍所致。?似蹙非蹙笼烟眉 dusky arched eyebrows were knitted and yet not frowning ?似喜非喜含情目 her speaking eyes held both merriment and sorrow ?态生两靥之愁无相应译文?娇袭一身之病 her very frailty had charm. ?泪光点点 Her eyes sparked with tears ?娇喘微微 her breath was soft and faint ?我们又不得不承认，如此上乘英译，绝非陋译，但是，让native speaker 来读此译文，他们决计不会得到一个美女的影像。模糊意美- 逸出意境?何谓 意境 ？?简单的定义是：文艺作品借助形象 传达出的意蕴和境界。?汉语是一种意境语言（a language of artistic conception ） 。 汉字简直是一个个各具灵气和神采的小精灵，只要排列出奇，组合得当，三言两语，就能出景、出情、出情景交融的画面。比如：?余冬日往视，但见衰柳寒烟，一水茫茫而已。?I went there; however, on a winter day and saw only a stretch of cold water against some sparse willow trees and a frosty sky. （林语堂译）?杭州境内西湖如明镜，千峰凝翠，洞壑幽深，风光奇丽。杭州的春天，淡妆艳抹，无不相宜，夏日荷香阵阵，沁人心脾，秋天，桂枝飘香，菊花斗艳；冬日，琼装玉琢，俏丽媚人。西湖以变幻多姿的斗艳，令人心旷神怡。?此段之美，既美在浅层，美在辞藻，美在四字结构；又美在深层，美在不 嚼饭与人 ，没名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - 有 描完述尽 ，而是留下了较多的 不确定性 和 意义的空白 。诸如：凝翠/ 幽深/ 淡妆艳抹/ 沁人心脾/ 斗艳/ 媚人/ 心旷神怡，等等，无不含有模糊色彩，朦胧意境。逢 模糊 ，遇 朦胧 ，读者就自然要变 意义不确定 为 意义确定 ；变 意义空白 为 意义丰盈 。这个 变 ，是思考，更是想象，是品味，更是创造。?The West Lake in Hangzhou is like a mirror，embellished all around with green hills and deep caves of enchanting beauty. Sunny or rainy，Hangzhou looks its best in spring. In summer the fragrance of lotus flowers gladdens the heart and refresh the mind. Autumn brings with it the sweet scent of laurel flowers ，and chrysanthemums are in full bloom. In winter the snow scenery looks just like jade-carvings ，charming and beautiful. The ever-changing aspects of the beauty of West Lake makes one carefree and joyous. ?汉英翻译过程中模糊美感的挽留?1 语音层灵感如:李煜乌夜啼 ：?林花谢了春红，?太匆匆！?无奈朝来寒雨晚来风。?胭脂泪，?留人醉，?几时重？?自是人生长恨水长东！?Spring s rosy color fades from forest flowers?Too soon, too soon, ?How can they bear cold morning showers ?And winds at noon ？?Your rouged tears like crimson rain ?Intoxicated my heart. ?When shall we meet again? ?As water eastward flows, so shall we part. ?(许渊冲译）?2 词汇层灵感如：?扫街的在树影下一阵扫后，灰土上留下来的一条条扫帚的丝纹，看起来既觉得细腻，又觉得清闲， 潜意识下并且还觉得有点儿落寞，古人所说的梧桐一叶而天下知秋的遥想，大约也名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - 就在这些深沉的地方。 （郁达夫：故都的秋 ）?After a street cleaner has done the sweeping in the shade of the trees，you will discover trails left by his broom in the dust ，which look so fine and leisured that somehow a feeling of forlornness begins to creep up on me. The same depth of implication is found in the ancient saying that one single fallen leaf from the phoenix tree drops a broad hint of the approaching of autumn. （毛荣贵译）?3 句法层灵感如：?当你走入沟中，便可见林中碧海澹荡生辉，瀑布舒洒碧玉。一到金秋，满山枫叶绛红。盛夏，湖山幽翠。仲春，树绿花艳 ，四时都呈现出它的天然原始，宁静幽深。?Mystic lakes and sparkling waterfalls captivate your eyes as you enter the ravine. The trees are in their greenest in spring when intensified by colorful flowers. In summer， warm tints spread over the hills and lake lands， As summer merges into autumn， the maple trees turned fiery red. Splashing color through the thick forest hills tranquility pervades primitive Jiuzhaigou throughout the year. ?4 语篇层灵感如：?这里的峡谷又是另一番景象：谷中急水奔流，穿峡而过，两岸树木葱茏，鲜花繁茂，碧草萋萋，活脱脱一幅生机盎然的天然风景画。各种奇峰异岭，令人感受各异，遐想万千。?It is another gorge through which a rapid stream flows. Trees, flowers and grasses, a picture of natural vitality, thrive on both banks. The weird peaks arouse disparate thoughts. ?原文中的 萋萋 ， 奇峰异岭， 令人感受各异， 遐想万千 都是模糊词眼。 诚想，如果连对 萋萋 两字的含义都缺乏起码的了解，怎能有合格的译文。有幸的是，我们读到的译文比较成功。 vitality 和 thrive 二词富有动态美，可谓画龙点睛，与 树、花、草 的搭配也自然合理。译文的最后一句保留了原文的朦胧色彩，而且极富感染力。译文赏析?背影（节选）/ The Sight of Fathers Back （extract）? 识英语之形合美，方有佳译?1/ 到南京时， 有朋友约去游逛，勾留了一日； 第二日上午便须渡江到浦口，下午上车北去。（朱自清：背影）?I spent the first day in Nanjing strolling about with some friends at their invitation, and was ferrying across the Yangtse River to Pukou the next morning and thence taking a train for Beijing on the afternoon of the same day. （42 个单词张培基译 , 简称 张译 ）?对照阅读之下，一个强烈的视觉冲击是：原文简约，而英译竟如此拖沓！难道英语表达就名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - 应如此冗杂？且不说两个连词and， 如何令句子结构趋于松散，就遣词论，the next morning 和on the afternoon of the same day 夹在同一句中，其中必有可省略之处！?A friend kept me in Nanjing for a day to see sights, and the next morning I was to cross the Yangtze to Pukou to take the afternoon train to the north.（32 个单词 ,杨宪益和戴乃迭译 以下简称杨 ) ?果然！在杨戴的译文把afternoon 用作形容词，置于train 之前，如此以一(afternoon train)当九 (a train for Beijing on the afternoon of the same day)！意思丝毫未改， 而且更 信 。比如，杨将 上车北去 中的 北 不是译成 Beijing ，而是译成north。2/ 我们过了江，进了车站。我买票，他忙着照看行李。?We entered the railway station after crossing the River. While I was at the booking office buying a ticket, father saw to my luggage. ( 张) ?We crossed the Yangtze and arrived at the station, where I bought a ticket while he saw to my luggage. (杨) ?比较之下，我们宁可读杨译，为什么？寻思之下，关键恐怕在where 一词，这个关系副词的使用，令两句自然 璧合 ，紧接着又跟上一个while，译文就获得了流畅感和英语味。?3/ 老境却如此颓唐！他触目伤怀，自然情不能自已。情郁于中，自然要发之于外；家庭琐屑便往往触他之怒。?To think that he should now be so downcast in old age! The discouraging state of affairs filled him with an uncontrollable feeling of deep sorrow, and his pent-up emotion had to find a vent. That is why even mere domestic trivialities would often make him angry. (张 ) ?No one could have foreseen such a comedown in his old age! The thought of this naturally depressed him, and as he had to vent his irritation somehow, he often lost his temper over trifles. (杨) ?如用 牵丝攀藤 写张译，那么，杨译则明快爽洁。诵读前者，恰如艰难举步于灌木丛中，而浏览后者，则是赤足奔跑在海边沙地上。?4/ 我北来后，他写了一信给我，信中说道， 我身体平安，惟膀子疼痛厉害，举箸提笔，诸多不便，大约大去之期不远矣。 ?After I arrived in Beijing, he wrote me a letter, in which he says, I m all right except for a severe pain in my arm. I even have trouble using chopsticks or writing brushes. Perhaps it won t be long now before I depart this life. (张) ?After I came north he wrote to me: My health is all right, only my arm aches so badly I find it hard to hold the pen. Probably the end is not far away. (杨) ?5/ 我读到此处，在晶莹的泪光中，又看见那肥胖的，青布棉袍，黑布马褂的背影。唉！我不知何时再能与他相见！?Through the glistening tears which these words had brought to my eyes I again saw the back of 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 10 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - father s corpulent form in the dark blue cotton-padded cloth long gown and the black cloth mandarin jacket. Oh, how I long to see him again! ( 张) ?When I read this, through a mist of tears I saw his blue cotton-padded gown and black jacket once more as his burly figure walked away from me. Shall we ever meet again? ( 杨 ) ?英语的形合表达，竟有此妙处！这是我们始料未及的。此外，我们不应忘记，一个as，省略了多少赘词！从张译的43 个单词缩减到33 个！?6/ 我看见他戴着黑布小帽，穿着黑布大马褂，深青色布棉袍，蹒跚地走到铁道边，慢慢探身下去，尚不大难。可是他穿过铁道，要爬上那边月台，就不容易了。?I watched him hobble towards the railway track in his black skullcap, black cloth mandarin jacket and dark blue cotton-padded cloth long gown. He had little trouble climbing down the railway track, but it was a lot more difficult for him to climb up that platform after crossing the railway track. ( 张) ?So I watched him in his black cloth cap and jacket and dark blue cotton-padded gown, as he waddled to the tracks and climbed slowly down - not so difficult after all. But when he had crossed the lines he had trouble clambering up the other side. ( 杨) ?由于使用了as，父亲的两个动作（waddled to the tracks / climbed slowly down）就比较紧密地联系起来。结构性的connective 的运用能够使译文更趋畅洁，语势如瀑，奔泻酣畅。而这两个动作在张译中的彼此遥隔了23 个单词，语势因此而中阻。?7/ 过铁道时，他先将橘子散放在地上，自己慢慢爬下，再抱起橘子走。?In crossing the railway track, he first put the tangerines on the ground, climbed down slowly and then picked them up again. (张 ) ?He put these on the platform before climbing slowly down to cross the lines, which he did after picking the fruit up. ( 杨) ?短短一句，译者连续使用了几个connectives（before / when / after 等） ，颇有点让读者眼花缭乱。尤其是句末的which he did after picking the fruit up，令读者如入迷宫，一下子难以醒悟：这个 which 到底指代上文何词？经过琢磨，方能领悟，这个which 是指 climbing slowly down to cross the lines 。因多用了connectives 而使译文由简单变得复杂，由流畅变得曲折，这可以说是一个典型的译例。?8/ 这时我看见他的背影，我的泪很快地流下来了。我赶紧拭干了泪，怕他看见，也怕别人看见。?While I was watching him from behind, tears gushed from my eyes. I quickly wiped them away lest he or others should catch me crying. ( 张 ) ?At the sight of his burly back tears started to my eyes, but I wiped them hastily so that neither, he 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 11 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - no anyone else might see them. (杨) ?其中结构性的connective（but）起了关键作用。而后半句使用的so that 则更使全句一气呵成，浑然一体。?9/ 近几年来父亲和我都是东奔西走，家中光景是一日不如一日。?In recent years, both father and I have been living an unsettled life, and the circumstances of our family going from bad to worse. ( 张) ?The last few years father and I have been moving from place to place, while things have been going from bad to worse at home. ( 杨 ) ?两译相比，使用了不同的connectives，前者： and；后者： while 。?须知，英语中形形色色的connectives 其 份量 ，有重有轻，有庄重的，也有轻描淡写的。比如， and 和 while 虽然都可以用作 对比 的逻辑标记，但是，and 显得轻巧随意，而while则是较为严肃郑重些。?Exercise 1. 晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓，他说： “有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。 我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园，而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。”钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。乔羽说：“钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是钓趣，面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛在一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。”晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓，他说， “有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园，而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。 ” 钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。乔羽说：“钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是钓趣，面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛在一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。”参考译文：In his later years (Late in his life), Qiao Yu has become enamored of fishing (developed a penchant / special fondness for fishing). He asserts: “ Mostly speaking, a place with water and fish must necessarily be blessed with a nice setting, which in return keeps people in good mood. I believe that the optimum fishing places are not those commercial fishing centers which provide the fishermen with all the conveniences and where fish are kept hungry for ready capture, but those naturally- formed places in the wilderness which exert a special appeal. According to him, fishing can constitute an activity conducive to the cultivation of one s temperament and to one s health, at once physical and psychological. Qiao Yu claims: Fishing can be divided into three stages. The first stage consists of mere fish-eating; the second a combination of fish-eating and the pleasure (enjoyment) of fishing; the third primarily the pleasure of fishing when, confronted with a pond of clear water, one puts aside all his troubling vexations and annoyances and enjoys the total relaxation both mentally and physically.Exercise 2.飘逸人生Life: Take It Easy名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 12 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - 行路难，但人生之路谁都要走。有的人在赶路，心急切切，步急匆匆。眼中只有目标却忽略了风景。 可路迢迢不知哪儿是终点。有的人如游客， 不急不慌， 走走停停， 看花开花落，看云卷云舒，有时也在风中走，雨中行，心却像张开的网，放过焦躁苦恼。人生之路谁不走？只是走路别忽略了一路的良辰美景。一个人工作的地方是小的，居住的家是小的，社交的圈子是小的，有的人就越来越不满这缺乏变化的单调。有的人却总是怡然自得，随遇而安。世界浩渺，一个人只能居于一隅。比海洋大的是天空，比天空大的是心灵，因为这小小的心灵内住着一只时起时落的想象鸟。大碗喝茶解渴，却说不上茶是怎样的好。一心想得到的东西终于得到了，失去了却很多很多，而失去的原来比得到的可能还要好。物化了的生命硬如岩石，而那些看似无价值的却永葆着神韵和空灵。人生旅途上，有人背负着名利急急奔走，有人回归自然，飘逸而行。Life: Take It Easy To go on a journey is often full of hardships, but so long as one lives he proceeds on his lifes journey. Different people go along differently. Some take hasty steps in anxiety. Obsessed with reaching the next goal in time, they spare no time for sightseeing along the way, nor do they have a clear view of where their long roads end. Others travel leisurely like tourists. They would take time off now and then for a look at blooming flowers or fallen petals. They would stop to admire clouds gathering and dispersing. Even when they go against the wind or are caught in the rain, they never get annoyed, for worries slip off their minds as from an open net. Everyone goes his way in life. What makes a difference is: does he have a pleasant trip enjoying the landscape along the way? Cramped is ones workplace, narrow is ones residence and small is the social circle one moves about-such limitiedness in space entails lack of variety which is the source of some peoples complaint. But others are always contended and happy for he can adapt himself to different circumstances. Compared with the vastness of the universe it is only a tiny spot one occupies on earth. However, though larger than the ocean is the sky, even larger is the human mind, for in it imagination can come and go on the wing without limitation. To drink at a gulp is a quick way to quench thirst, but it gives no taste of the high grade tea. One may eventually win what he has set his mind to, only to find that he has lost quite a lot. Perhaps what he loses is ever better than what he gains. Life, when petrified by material desires, is as callous as stone, while those seemingly worthless things always remain fresh and full of spirit. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 13 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - In their journey through life, some people hurry on with a heavy heart in pursuit of fame and gain, while others go with an easy, grace, enjoying themselves in harmony with nature.名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 14 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - -