高中英语读写课例交流与高中英语读写课例交流与研讨研讨以读促写 循序渐进读写技能的关系读写技能的关系n n阅读能够使学生了解写作中需要的各种知识.阅读通常是写作的基础.-Carsonn n阅读从某种意义上说是写作的彩排,阅读材料提供了彩排的道具.-Webb读写结合三步曲读写结合三步曲n n通过阅读获取信息(Knowledge Getting)；n n借助写作转述信息(Knowledge Telling);n n拓展学生思维进行创作性写作.案例案例:Unit 4 Earthquake (Reading and writing) You are going to write an article for newspaper about a special event that happened in your home town. Before you start , you should write an outline. It will help you organize your ideas.Unit four Earthquake(workbook)Writing Task Prepare a poster to be put up around schools or hospitals to explain to people what they should collect in a personal earthquake bag and why.读写结合模式一读写结合模式一充分利用主课文的内容和篇章结构进行写作充分利用主课文的内容和篇章结构进行写作练习练习,拓展读写结合的层面拓展读写结合的层面,使读写活动的设使读写活动的设计体现了从阅读中获取信息到转述阅读中获计体现了从阅读中获取信息到转述阅读中获得的信息得的信息,再到利用阅读中的信息进行创作再到利用阅读中的信息进行创作性写作三个不同的目的和层次性写作三个不同的目的和层次. 一一 获取信息获取信息获取信息指:通过阅读获得知识与信息(1) 获取事实,主旨,段落大意等;(2)获取文章的某篇布局,修辞手法,词语使 用，句式选择等信息, 为后续的写作活动作准备.检查学生获取信息的常用题型检查学生获取信息的常用题型n n完型填空(cloze)n n按顺序排列事件(Sequencing)n n选择题,判断正误题等客观题.设计完型填空应遵循的原则设计完型填空应遵循的原则(1)为了使学生对文章有一个大致了解,一般首尾应保持完整,不需要学生填空.(2)文章需要学生补充的信息越多,难度越大.一般以8-10个词为间距设计一空为益.请用恰当的动词将下面的段落补充完整:All hope was lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tang shan to help The rescue workers. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. To the north of the city, most of the 10.000miners were rescued from the coal mines. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes ClozeClozehad been had been destroyed destroyed . Fresh water was taken to the city . Fresh water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane. Slowly ,the city began to by train, truck and plane. Slowly ,the city began to breathe breathe again. (again. (注注: :该短文选自教材课文的最后一段该短文选自教材课文的最后一段) )Sequencing(按顺序列举事件按顺序列举事件)按顺序列举事件尤其适用于按时间循序展开的文章按顺序列举事件尤其适用于按时间循序展开的文章按顺序列举事件尤其适用于按时间循序展开的文章按顺序列举事件尤其适用于按时间循序展开的文章.( .(以以以以 A Night the Earth Didnt SleepA Night the Earth Didnt Sleep为例为例为例为例) )(1)(1)For three daysFor three days : : Strange things happened in the Strange things happened in the countryside of Northeast He countryside of Northeast He BeiBei. .(2)(2)At about3:00am.At about3:00am. on July on July 28th,1976:28th,1976:More strange More strange things continued to happen both in the countryside things continued to happen both in the countryside and in the city.and in the city.(3)(3)At 3:42:At 3:42: The earthquake broke out and brought The earthquake broke out and brought about great damage.about great damage.Sequencing(4) Later that afternoon: A second earthquake happened and caused more damage.(5)Soon after the earthquake: Rescue work started(注:下画线部分为学生填写内容.)*这种练习方式增加语言输出的量与质.对教材阅读练习的改编对教材阅读练习的改编本单元阅读理解题因果搭配题改为完成句子.(1)The chickens didnt eat because_.(2)The people didnt worry because_.(3)Such a great number of people died because _.二二 转述信息转述信息转述信息指读者利用阅读中吸收的信息输出转述信息指读者利用阅读中吸收的信息输出. (1)在转述信息阶段,读者要借助写作技巧归纳整理阅读信息. (2)写摘要是转述信息常用的活动.-它有助于学生关注文章的主旨,注重文章的表达及结构安排. summary Before the earthquake happenedBefore the earthquake happened, for three , for three days,strangedays,strange things had been happening in things had been happening in TangshanTangshan, , the northeast city of the northeast city of HebeiHebei. . Then atThen at about3:00amabout3:00am, , July28th,1976July28th,1976, some even more , some even more weirdweird things were things were reported:peoplereported:people were said to have witnessed bright were said to have witnessed bright lights in the sky, heard the sound of planes and seen lights in the sky, heard the sound of planes and seen water pipes cracking.water pipes cracking. At3:42 At3:42,the greatest earthquake ,the greatest earthquake in the 20th century began. In fifteen seconds, a large in the 20th century began. In fifteen seconds, a large city almost disappeared: city almost disappeared: lots of buildings were ruined lots of buildings were ruined and more than 400,000people were killed or injuredand more than 400,000people were killed or injured. . Summary Later that afternoonLater that afternoon, another, another quake quake struck the poorstruck the poor city, causing even more loss of property and lives. Soon after the disaster, rescue workers joined by 150,000soldiers came to help. With their great efforts, the city came to life again.Summary VS Sequencing对比对比sequencingsequencing的练习的练习,summary,summary运用了以下几种衔接运用了以下几种衔接手段手段, ,形成连贯的段落形成连贯的段落. . (1) (1)连接词或短语的使用连接词或短语的使用:before ,then, later, soon :before ,then, later, soon after.after. (2) (2)词语的重复和代替词语的重复和代替: :如如citycity的反复使用的反复使用; ;用用 their their 指指代代rescue workers and soldiersrescue workers and soldiers等等. . (3) (3)同义词的使用同义词的使用: :如如 strange strange 和和 weird ;earthquakeweird ;earthquake和和 quakequake等等. .三三 创作性写作创作性写作使用其他人称改写文章使用其他人称改写文章 -这种活动要求学生在熟读文章的基础上对信息进行再归纳,它同时能强化学生的感情移入.(Latham) The outline of A night the Earth Didnt Sleep. Introduction: As a survivor of the big earthquake ,I can remember every detail of that disaster.The outline(2)Body:Paragraph1:What I saw before the earthquake and how I felt.Paragraph2:What happened to me during the earthquake and how I managed to survive.Paragraph3:What I knew about the aftermath of the earthquakeConcluding paragraph: What lesson we should learn from the earthquake.其它创作性写作其它创作性写作利用workbook中的练习. Prepare a poster to be put up around schools or hospitals to explain to people what they should collect in a personal earthquake bag and why.海报应短小,只能列举应急物品,无法拓展.可将其替换替换成让学生另写一篇文章,设想地震发生时只带三件物品,说明理由.Prepare An Earthquake Bag An earthquake may happen at any time so its An earthquake may happen at any time so its best to prepare your personal earthquake bag.best to prepare your personal earthquake bag.Collect these items and keep them somewhereCollect these items and keep them somewherenear you.1.a bottle of water 2.money 3. personalnear you.1.a bottle of water 2.money 3. personalwashing things 4.food and sweets 5.a torchwashing things 4.food and sweets 5.a torch6.mobile phone 7.a blanket 8.medicine6.mobile phone 7.a blanket 8.medicineRemember: It is better to be prepared than sorry. Remember: It is better to be prepared than sorry. 学生的习作学生的习作 I will keep a torch, a mobile phone a bankcardsI will keep a torch, a mobile phone a bankcardsin my earthquake bag.in my earthquake bag. When an earthquake happens, most probably there will When an earthquake happens, most probably there willbe a power cut. To make sure I can quickly run out of be a power cut. To make sure I can quickly run out of the apartment and find my way to a safe place, a torchthe apartment and find my way to a safe place, a torchwill be necessary.will be necessary. Ill also put a mobile phone in my bag in case Im in Ill also put a mobile phone in my bag in case Im in danger. Then I can contact people outside so that I candanger. Then I can contact people outside so that I canbe rescued. After I am saved, I can call my relatives so be rescued. After I am saved, I can call my relatives so that they wont worry about me.that they wont worry about me.学生习作学生习作 Finally Id like to put my bank cards in the bag. Its Finally Id like to put my bank cards in the bag. Its hard to earn money. I dont want to get my savings thathard to earn money. I dont want to get my savings that completely lost in a disaster. Compared with completely lost in a disaster. Compared with waterfoodwaterfoodmedicine, food and sweets, bankcards is easy to carry.medicine, food and sweets, bankcards is easy to carry.moreover, right after the quake, the rescue team maymoreover, right after the quake, the rescue team mayprovide the victim with the necessities listed above rightprovide the victim with the necessities listed above rightaway. But if we lose our bankcards, we may never get away. But if we lose our bankcards, we may never get them back.them back.读写结合模式二读写结合模式二 (1) 利用SEFC Using Language部分Reading and Writing的内容,采用三段七步读写整合教学模式, 并根据该模式教学建议进行读写读写长课长课的实验教学. (2) 该教学模式的“三段”指读,说,写三个教学 阶段. “七步”指话题导入-读前预测-快速阅读-读后讨论-写前学练-初稿写作-初稿评改七个教学步骤. 案例案例:Donation Request Letter(1) Read the following letter and write a donation request letter. November 23,2007Dear Shirley, Im writing to you on behalf of London Teenagers Help. Our group is an organization that raises donations For children who suffer in natural disasters. We have been working to help a difference in their lives.Donation Request Letter(2) A few days ago, great flood attacked Bangladekilling at least 242 people,destroying crops andhouses. At least 5.000were injured and 186,000were left homeless. The suffering of the people is extreme. They are badly in need of clothes, Shelters and schools. Today, we do hope that you would be kind eno-ugh to help those children by sending the mostgenerous donation. Donation Request Letter(3)we look forward to whatever support you can pr-we look forward to whatever support you can pr-ovide.Thankovide.Thank you in advance for your generosity you in advance for your generosityand kind support.and kind support. If you want more information about our If you want more information about our organiorgani- -zationzation, you may , you may visitvisitwww.readingteenager-shelpwww.readingteenager-shelp.com.com online or contact us by phone at88909998. online or contact us by phone at88909998.You can make a donation on line.You can make a donation on line. Yours, Yours, Sarah Sarah教学过程教学过程 Step1. Lead-inStep1. Lead-in Read some newspaper headline about disasters that Read some newspaper headline about disasters that happened in different areas. Think and discuss: What happened in different areas. Think and discuss: What can we do to help the survivors?can we do to help the survivors? Step2. PredictionStep2. Prediction Predict the contentPredict the content of Sarahs letter.of Sarahs letter. Step3.Fast ReadingStep3.Fast Reading (1)Read the letter by Sarah and answer the following (1)Read the letter by Sarah and answer the following questions:questions: 教学过程教学过程Q1:What kind of letter is it?Q1:What kind of letter is it? A. a business letter B.A congratulatory letter C.A donation A. a business letter B.A congratulatory letter C.A donation request letter. request letter.Q2:Why does Sarah ask me to donate?Q2:Why does Sarah ask me to donate?(2)Read the letter again and discuss the following questions (2)Read the letter again and discuss the following questions in pairs: in pairs:Q3:How many parts is the letter made up of?Q3:How many parts is the letter made up of?Q4:In which tone does Sarah write the letter? Find out sentences Q4:In which tone does Sarah write the letter? Find out sentences to support your answers.to support your answers. A. Commanding B. Polite C .Persuasive D. angry A. Commanding B. Polite C .Persuasive D. angry教学过程教学过程 Step4.DiscussionStep4.Discussion Discuss the following question: Who can I write to in order to Discuss the following question: Who can I write to in order to rairai- -se as much money as possible? Why? se as much money as possible? Why? Step5.Preparation for writingStep5.Preparation for writing(1)Help complete the letter to Bill Gates in pairs.(1)Help complete the letter to Bill Gates in pairs. November25,2007 November25,2007Dear Mr. Gates,Dear Mr. Gates, Im writing to you _Sichuan Youth. Our group is an or Im writing to you _Sichuan Youth. Our group is an or- -ganizationganization _donation for survivors in disaster-hit areas. _donation for survivors in disaster-hit areas. This month a series of earthquakes _Tibet, This month a series of earthquakes _Tibet, YunnanYunnan and and SiSi- -chuan, which lie in the south and west China. The earthquakes inchuan, which lie in the south and west China. The earthquakes inThese three areas caused great_ .At least 50 died and 1,500_These three areas caused great_ .At least 50 died and 1,500_442 of them seriously injured. Roads and electricity lines were _442 of them seriously injured. Roads and electricity lines were _It is our duty to help the_.It is our duty to help the_. Now I am asking you to help them out by giving a donation. Now I am asking you to help them out by giving a donation.Your help would go would go a long way to make them feel Your help would go would go a long way to make them feel wawa- -rmrm and live better. Thank you for your _and _. and live better. Thank you for your _and _. If you want more information about our organization, you may If you want more information about our organization, you may visit visit www.yangziwww.yangzi youth.comyouth.com online or contact us by phone atonline or contact us by phone at86760832.86760832.Sincerely,Sincerely,ShirleyShirley教学过程教学过程(2)Discuss the outline of a donation request letter which is (2)Discuss the outline of a donation request letter which is aimed at raising money for survivors in Sichuan.aimed at raising money for survivors in Sichuan.*possible patrons(*possible patrons(支助人支助人) )*Introduction of your organization*Introduction of your organization*Damage caused by the disaster*Damage caused by the disaster*Request and appreciation*Request and appreciation*Way to donate*Way to donate教学过程教学过程Step 6. WritingStep 6. Writing Write the letter with 5 parts of the content, and pay attention toWrite the letter with 5 parts of the content, and pay attention toThe writing tone, capitalization, usage, punctuation , and spelling.The writing tone, capitalization, usage, punctuation , and spelling.Step7.Assessment and RevisionStep7.Assessment and RevisionAssess the donation request letter using the following Assess the donation request letter using the following assesmentassesment Table.Table.Assessment 1 2 3 4 51 2 3 4 5Contents Five partsContents Five partsTone Polite, persuasiveTone Polite, persuasive Capitalization CapitalizationCUPS UsageCUPS Usage Punctuation Punctuation Spelling Spelling读写长课的实验教学读写长课的实验教学读写长课实验教学追加15分钟.(60分钟)*快速阅读环节增加朗读活动,让学生体会劝募的语言与语气. (4分钟)*初稿评改增加同伴互评(5分钟)*独立修改成文(6分钟) 小结小结 读写长课保证了学生课内有足够的时间理解阅读文本,老师有足够的时间关注写作语言技巧训练,学生能在课上有充足的时间进行初稿写作,评阅和修改,保证教师在课堂上对学生写作过程进行有效的监督指导.实现阅读,写作,评改一体话.