施工安全培训施工安全培训ConstructionSafety Training施工安全培训-中英安全培训的目的：安全培训的目的：Toolbox Talks The Objectives: 增强员工安全生产意识Remind workers of specific job related safety提醒施工中的危险隐患Reaffirm the safety hazards related to the job提醒员工采取预防措施以将工伤事故降低到最少程度Remind them of the precautions they should take to minimize the hazard(s) 施工安全培训-中英事故的原因事故的原因 （管理方面）（管理方面）Causes of Accidents (Management)管理不当Lack of proper supervision 工作场所安全环境维持力度不够Bad Housekeeping施工安全培训-中英事故的原因事故的原因 （管理方面）（管理方面）Causes of Accidents (Management)施工操作方法缺乏规范化Lack of proper Method Statement 缺乏安全培训Lack of all types of safety training 施工安全培训-中英事故的原因事故的原因 （管理方面）（管理方面）Causes of Accidents (Management)赶工Working at speeds to get the job done没有安全和足够的工作脚手架Lack of adequate working platforms 施工安全培训-中英事故的原因事故的原因 （操作工人方面）（操作工人方面）Causes of Accidents (Workers)缺乏知识和技巧Lack of knowledge or skill 图便利走捷径Taking short cuts懒散Simple laziness自以为是The “Macho” image赶工时Piece work time is of the essence施工安全培训-中英事故预防原则事故预防原则Principles of Accident Prevention安全培训、安全信息及安全教育是关键Safety training, information and education are essential分发正确和足够的劳防用品并确保正确使用Issue correct P.P.E. and ensure it is properly worn and used所以的“幸免”事故都应该报告、调查并采取预防措施All “near misses” should be reported, investigated and remedial actions instigated持续的安全培训是关键Continuation training is essential施工安全培训-中英事故预防原则事故预防原则Principles of Accident Prevention管理层必需对安全负责并以正确的态度Management must know their commitment and adopt the “right” attitude towards safety所有的事故必需调查并找到根本原因All accidents must be properly investigated and the “true” cause of the accident established实行安全风险评估并告诉工人预防措施Risk Assessments should be carried out and preventative and precautionary recommendations passed on to the workers 施工安全培训-中英事故预防原则事故预防原则Principles of Accidents Prevention日常施工中不断监督工人、员工The workforce must be properly and constantly supervised评定整个工程的安全培训计划Assess all training needs throughout the project管理层必需事先计划工地布置和工序安排Management must plan well in advance the site layout and the logical sequence of works安全监理员在任用前需得到充分的培训Safety Supervisors must have some form of safety training before appointed施工安全培训-中英安全防范措施总结安全防范措施总结Summary of Accident Prevention Control操作工人操作工人Worker机器设备及工具机器设备及工具Equipment orMachine环境和工地环境和工地Environment &Site施工安全培训-中英工伤事故的代价工伤事故的代价Costs of Accidents 受伤工人本身The Injured Worker工人家属The Families雇主The Employer社会Society施工安全培训-中英事故及危险事件报告程序事故及危险事件报告程序Accident & Dangerous Occurrence Reporting Procedures人员姓名The name of the person受伤性质The nature of the injury事故时间和地点The time and place of the accident事故情况简述A brief explanation of the circumstances of the accident 死亡或严重受伤必需在24小时内报告Death or serious injury must be reported within 24 hours 施工安全培训-中英事故及危险事件报告程序事故及危险事件报告程序Accident & Dangerous Occurrence Reporting Procedures必需在7天内提交书面报告A written report must be submitted within 7 days小事故必需在3天内书面报告Minor accidents for incapacity for less than 3 days must be reported危险事件必需在24小时内书面报告 不限于有人受伤的事故Dangerous occurrences must be reported within 24 hours, in writing injury is not a necessary criteria所有死亡工伤事故必需报告警方All fatal accidents must also be reported to the Police施工安全培训-中英急救措施急救措施First Aid 建筑工地安全条款中有详細列出急救箱中须常备必需的急救用品These regulations gives details of the minimum contents of First Aid Boxes建筑工地安全条款中有详細列出规定的急救用品The Constructions Sites (Safety) Regulations cover the requirements for First Aid Facilities施工安全培训-中英紧急事件程序紧急事件程序Emergency Procedures如何与安全部门联系How to contact the Safety Department如何叫救护车、劳动部门、消防局和警察The policy on how to call the Ambulance, the Labor Department, the Fire Services and the Police灭火设备放置地点和使用方法The location of fire fighting equipment and how to use it任何人第一次进入工地应被告知：任何人第一次进入工地应被告知：Anyone coming onto a construction site for the first time should be told:施工安全培训-中英紧急事件程序紧急事件程序Emergency Procedures安全出入口和集散地点Assembly, Access and egress points大风时高空作业须停工的标准The criteria for stopping work at heights during high winds 施工安全培训-中英建造安全的工地建造安全的工地Setting up a Safe Site 1.正确的工地布置事关重要Proper planning of site layout is very important2.检查工地周围的限制条件，如道路、铁路、飞机路径、水流区域、高架和地下设施等等Check what restraints are around the site, i.e. roads, railways, flight paths, water areas, overhead and underground services, etc.3.检查环境问题，如灰尘、噪音和烟雾等Check for environmental problem such as dust, noise, fumes 施工安全培训-中英建立安全的工地建立安全的工地Setting up a Safe Site4.建立工地内交通控制体系，可能的话设立单向道交通系统Consider traffic control and a one way system if possible临时的供电系统和电缆铺设要适当Consider temporary power supply and how best to lay cables 避免双向通行Avoid head-on traffic施工安全培训-中英安全的工作环境安全的工作环境Safe Working Environment 核实是否需要审办噪音许可证Check whether there is a need for a Noise Permit是否需要审办开挖许可证Will you need an excavation permit ?是否需要审办临时外墙脚手架搭建许可证What are the requirements of your hoarding permit?确保工地内有足够的通信设备，如电话、无线电对讲机等Ensure there is an adequate communication system, i.e. telephones, radio etc.尘埃控制程序，如清洗车轮等What “dust” control procedures i.e. wheel wash etc.确保工作场所良好的通风和照明Ensure good lighting, ventilation etc. 施工安全培训-中英物品管理物品管理Good Housekeeping 储藏物品须小心安排Look carefully at storage arrangements将碎石、施工下料、垃圾等控制到最低限度Keep rubble, debris and rubbish to a minimum检查危险物品的管理和储藏Check the management, storage of the Dangerous Substances 施工安全培训-中英防火防火Fire Precautions and Fire Prevention 火灾的三要素火灾的三要素Triangle of Fire 燃料燃料Fuel 热热 Heat空气（氧气）空气（氧气）Air (Oxygen) 施工安全培训-中英超载用电Overloading the Power supply线路、插头、插座的绝缘性差Poor insulation of connections, plugs, sockets, etc连接有误Faulty connections火灾的常见原因火灾的常见原因Common Causes of Fire Accidents施工安全培训-中英火灾的常见原因火灾的常见原因Common Causes of Fire Accidents裸露的电线Bare wires没有接地No earthing电线浸在水中Cables lying in water损坏的电线与金属件接触Damaged cables coming into contact with metal插头和多项转换插座使用不当Improper use of plugs and multiadaptors施工安全培训-中英防护措施常识防护措施常识Some Preventative Measures 控制废物的燃烧Control burning of waste materials不要用易燃液体点火Never light a fire using flammable liquids烟头灭了再丢Extinguished cigarettes before discarding控制点焊、电割的火花Control the sparks from welding or cutting检查加热、制冷设备的正常工作状态Check heating or cooling appliances for serviceability气罐、气瓶必需正确的放置Storage of gas cylinders must be properly supervised 施工安全培训-中英防护措施常识防护措施常识Some Preventative Measures气瓶放置不正确Improper storage of gas cylinders施工安全培训-中英防护措施常识防护措施常识Some Preventative Measures气瓶正确的放置Proper storage of gas cylinders施工安全培训-中英防护措施常识防护措施常识Some Preventative Measures油漆罐不正确的放置Improper storage/placement of paint施工安全培训-中英预防电器火灾预防电器火灾Prevent Electrical Fires 许多电器火灾是误用电器引起的Most electrical fires are caused by misuse of appliances or neglect不提倡使用多用途插线板Use of multisocket adaptors should be actively discouraged“一个插座拖一个用电器”的原则Follow the simple rule one socket to one appliance插头、电器等须正确接地Lack of proper earthing to plugs, appliances, etc.施工安全培训-中英电器火灾的扑灭电器火灾的扑灭Actions for Electrical Fires 切断电源Switch off electrical supply若电源未切断，人员须保持在1米以外距离DO NOT get closer than 1 meter from fire if electricity has not been switched off使用二氧化碳灭火器Use CO2 Extinguisher绝不要用水灭火NEVER use water 施工安全培训-中英用电安全用电安全Dangers of Working with Electricity 电击，哪怕小电击也会致命Electrical shock, even small shocks can kill电弧、火花引起的燃烧Burns caused by arcing, sparks etc火灾和爆炸Fire and explosion电焊引起的眼疾Arc eye from welding operations 所有的电线、用电设备等都应由专业人员安装并定期检查All wiring, equipment and accessories shall be installed and regularly checked by licensed personnel施工安全培训-中英手携电器设备的安全使用手携电器设备的安全使用Safe Use of ElectricalPortable Equipment 接地检查Check earthing检查工具的保护套是否受损Check casing of tool for damage足够长的电源拖线Ensure cables are long enough检查电线、插头、保险丝安全额定值Check cables, plugs, fuses etc for correct rating施工安全培训-中英手携电器设备的安全使用手携电器设备的安全使用Safe Use of Electrical Portable Equipment2.电线须离地并远离金属物件Keep power cables off the floor and away from other metal不得使用照明插座来驱动电动工具NEVER connect portable tools to light sockets电器不用时不要连接插座Disconnect tools when not in use由专业人员检查设备Get your tools checked by a Competent Electrician 施工安全培训-中英开挖过程中的施工安全开挖过程中的施工安全Safety in Excavation开挖泥土处理Displacement of Earth人员跌入开挖坑穴中Fall of persons into excavations物件沿着开挖壁滑入坑穴中Falling objects from sides of excavations地下公用管线Underground utilities毒气或易燃气体的聚积Build up of toxic or flammable gases地下水、雨水沖積泥浆Ingress of mud by underground water, rain, etc.施工安全培训-中英预防措施预防措施Preventative Measures 1.正确的支撑预防开挖面的倒塌Proper shoring to prevent collapse of walls2.紧急出口梯子Ladders for emergency escape施工安全培训-中英3.开挖坑边缘2米内不得行驶重型车辆No heavy vehicles, materials within 2 meters of edge4.结实的栅栏，充足的灯光及明确的指示牌等Substantial fencing, lighting, signs etc5.开挖工作要由专业人员监控Excavation works supervised by Competent Person施工安全培训-中英6.开挖人员应被告知操作中的危险Excavation workers instructed in the dangers of working in excavations7.必需要有排水及降水设备Dewatering equipment must be available8.开挖之前，应该定位所有地下公用管道位置Before excavations start, all underground utilities should be identified 施工安全培训-中英用油布来防止边坡坍塌Tarps are used to prevent from landslide施工安全培训-中英常见受伤种类常见受伤种类Common Types of Injury 疝气 （用力过猛造成）Hernia背、臂、腿肌肉拉伤Torn muscles in back, arms or legs椎间盘凸出或坐骨神经痛Slipped disc or Sciatica身体各部位挫伤Lacerations, contusions, crushing to all parts of the body拉伤、扭伤Sprains and Strains施工安全培训-中英培养正确的安全操作程序培养正确的安全操作程序Procedures to be Taught, Supervised and Adopted 1.戴手套Gloves should be worn2.穿安全鞋、靴Wearing of safety shoes/boots3.充分估计荷重Assess the load for weight4.检查并清除搬运路线上的障碍物Check route is clear of trip hazards施工安全培训-中英培养正确的安全操作程序培养正确的安全操作程序Procedures to be Taught, Supervised and Adopted5.避免同时提升和移动的物件Avoid twisting and carrying simultaneously6.最好是推而不是拖物件It is better to push than pull7.合理安排机械升降设备位置及使用程度Arrange mechanical means of lifting 施工安全培训-中英脚手架、工作平台及梯子的使用安全脚手架、工作平台及梯子的使用安全Scaffolds, Working Platforms & Ladders 高空作业是高危险工作，许多事故都是因脚手架问题而发生Working at Heights has many inherent hazards and many accidents happen as a result of bad scaffold management施工安全培训-中英通常的危险通常的危险Common Hazards 由于脚手架倒塌导致人员坠落Fall of person due to collapse of scaffolding人员从脚手架、梯子、工作平台上跌落Fall of person from scaffolding, ladder or working platform物品从脚手架上跌落Fall of objects from above whilst working on scaffolding施工安全培训-中英脚手架的安全使用脚手架的安全使用Safe use of Scaffolds 15米以上的脚手架必需由专业的工程师设计Over 15 meters high must be designed by a qualified Engineer由专业人员进行日常检查Routine inspections to be carried out by a Competent Person经历恶劣天气后，必需由专业人员检查After adverse weather conditions must be inspected by Competent Person施工安全培训-中英脚手架必需有工作平台Scaffolds must have working platforms必需有安全通道上脚手架Safe access onto scaffold must be provided若无法设立工作平台，必需提供单独的安全设防线和防护网Independent life lines and fall arrestors must be provided if working platforms cannot be properly erected 脚手架的安全使用脚手架的安全使用Safe use of Scaffolds施工安全培训-中英脚手架的安全使用脚手架的安全使用Safe use of Scaffolds图中有何不对？ Whats wrong with this photo?应该采用的是有工作平台、有挡板、有扶手的双层脚手架It should be a doubled scaffolding with working platforms, toeboards and railing施工安全培训-中英脚手架的支撑点为沟两边的不稳定的基础Support of the scaffolding resting on unstable edge of a trench图中有何不对？ Whats wrong with this photo?脚手架的安全使用脚手架的安全使用Safe use of Scaffolds施工安全培训-中英工作平台搭建要求工作平台搭建要求Working Platforms Specifications工作平台至少要有40厘米宽Boards for working on must be at least 400mm wide安全扶手、护栏高90150厘米，中间高度4560厘米处须加固一根Guardrails between 900 1500mm in height with an intermediate one at between 450 600mm踢脚挡板至少20厘米高Toeboards at least 200mm high施工安全培训-中英工作平台搭建要求工作平台搭建要求Working Platforms Specifications没有安全扶手、护栏Guard rails and intermediate rails are missing安全网太薄，强度不够Orange mesh acts as a soft screen only图中有何不对？ Whats wrong with this photo?施工安全培训-中英工作平台搭建要求工作平台搭建要求Working Platforms Specifications高空作业没有系安全带Working at height without safety belts脚手架上没有工作平台Lack of working platform at scaffolding图中有何不对？Whats wrong with this photo?施工安全培训-中英安全使用梯子安全使用梯子Safe use of Ladders按安全操作规程，梯子必需正确安装、维护及定期检查There is legal requirement for ladders to be properly constructed and maintained and should be inspected regularly for incidents of disrepair 禁止使用自制的长凳和泥水匠工作平台Many home made” stools and plasterers inadequate working platforms should be banned from sites 施工安全培训-中英安全使用梯子安全使用梯子Safe use of Ladders上下楼梯时双手扶住扶手Use both hands when climbing or descending a ladder制定搬工具、物品上下楼梯的方法Arrange ways of carrying tools and materials up and down a ladder人员上下楼梯时须面对梯子Face the ladder when ascending or descending注意四周，如过往车辆、人员等Be weary of your surroundings, i.e. traffic施工安全培训-中英安全使用梯子安全使用梯子Safe use of Ladders不要在电线、电缆附近放置金属梯子Do not place metal ladders near electrical wires and/or cables梯子搁置角度起码要75度Try to set the ladder at a slope of 75不要站在梯子顶端工作而应使用足够长的梯子Use ladders of sufficient length so that workers do not stand on the top rung不得接绑梯子来延长梯子长度Never lash two ladders together to make it longer施工安全培训-中英个人劳动防护用品个人劳动防护用品Personal Protective Equipment (P.P.E.)个人劳防设备应作为最后一道防线P.P.E. should only be used as a last line of defense个人劳防设备应合身P.P.E. should fit properly必需发放个人劳防设备The issue of P.P.E. must be strictly enforced个人劳防设备的检查、清洁和维护很重要Provision for the checking, cleaning and maintenance of P.P.E. is essential施工安全培训-中英个人劳动防护用品的种类个人劳动防护用品的种类Types of P.P.E. 安全帽Safety Helmets防护眼罩Eye Protection防毒面具Respiratory Protection安全带和安全绳（高空作业）Safety Belts and Harnesses (Working at Heights)耳罩（噪音区）Ear Protection (Noise Control Area)施工安全培训-中英个人劳动防护用品的种类个人劳动防护用品的种类Types of P.P.E.安全手套和鞋子Safety Footwear & Hand Protection一般用棉布制品Cotton for general purposes 钢筋施工须用皮革制品Leather for rebar purposes 电器设备或化学物须用橡胶制品Rubber for contact with electrical equipmentor chemicals施工安全培训-中英在密闭仓室内作业在密闭仓室内作业Working in Confined Spaces缺氧气Lack of oxygen有毒气体、烟雾Toxic vapors, mists, dusts or fumes易燃气体Flammable gases对身体有伤害的情况，如滑倒等Physical hazards such as slipping有那些危险？有那些危险？What are these Hazards?施工安全培训-中英在密闭仓室内作业在密闭仓室内作业Working in Confined Spaces泛水Flash Floods电击Electric shock from portable lights, tools硅土尘灰Silica Dust腐蚀剂、化学品Corrosives or chemicals施工安全培训-中英密闭仓室内作业安全措施密闭仓室内作业安全措施General Precautions for Confined Space Entry 安全防范教育Education and training of the hazards进入密闭空间前进行空气测试Testing the atmosphere before entering a confined space提供良好的通风Supply, if necessary, good ventilation确保安全出入口Ensure safe access and egress确保急救措施有效，配有急救人员Ensure life saving aids are available, with a trained First Aider使用低压设备Use, wherever possible, lowvoltage equipment 施工安全培训-中英升降设备的安全使用升降设备的安全使用Safety In Lifting Appliances 叉车Fork Lift Trucks开挖机Excavators起重机Crawler Crane升降吊钩及锁链Lifting hooks and chains常用的升降设备Some common lifting appliances:施工安全培训-中英升降设备的安全升降设备的安全Safety In Lifting Appliances卡车起重机Crane lorries叉式升降机Scissors Lifts升降机操作员必需经过培训、有证上岗升降机操作员必需经过培训、有证上岗Operators of Lifting Appliances must be trained and licensed to operate the Appliance施工安全培训-中英升降机操作常见事故升降机操作常见事故Common Accidents with Lifting Operation 起重机倒塌Collapse of the Crane, and/or other power machineries 施工安全培训-中英升降机操作常见事故升降机操作常见事故Common Accidents with Lifting Operation挺杆折断Broken Jib人员跌落Fall of person被移动的起重机击中Struck by a moving crane被旋转的货物击中Struck by a swinging load被高压电击中Contact with High Voltage Overhead Cables 施工安全培训-中英升降设备安全须知升降设备安全须知Safety Hints for Lifting Appliances 设备没有放在水平地面Not placed on level ground使用的操作人员必需经过培训并能胜任此工作All Operators, Slingers, Bandsmen should be Trained and Competent设备必需放在水平地面Plant must be on level ground施工安全培训-中英载量不能超出安全工作承载量Loads must never exceed the Safe Working Load (SWL)必需要有安全工作承载量指示SWL indicator must be functional确保超载警报系统有效工作状态Ensure audible overload alarm is working确保所有工人远离提升、移动的货物Keep all workers clear of suspended or moving load检查挺杆周围的阻碍物Check for possible obstruction in the vicinity of the jib升降设备安全须知升降设备安全须知Safety Hints for Lifting Appliances施工安全培训-中英升降设备安全须知升降设备安全须知Safety Hints for Lifting Appliances避免附加绕组或升降线拉得太长Avoid over-winding or allowing the hoist rope to run too far off the drum货物必需垂直升降Loads must be lifted vertically.操作人员不在时，货物不该悬挂于空中Loads must not be left suspended without the Operator at the controls 强烈建议使用“结杈式”的绳子The use of “tie ropes” is strongly advised to maneuver the loads 施工安全培训-中英电焊电焊Electric Arc Welding 电击Electric Shock火灾和爆炸Fire and Explosion过度的紫外线引起的皮肤病Skin Irritation due to Ultra Violet Rays吸入有毒气体、烟雾Inhalation of Toxic Fumes and Gases由放射、红外线引起的眼疾Damage to eyes by radiation, infra red or heat cataracts常见操作危险常见操作危险Common Hazards:施工安全培训-中英安全预防措施安全预防措施Some Control Measures不应该在潮湿的地板上、雨中电焊Welding should not be carried out on wet floors, in humid conditions or in the rain所有设备和工具必需正确接地All equipment and the work piece must be properly earthed设备必需正确保养、检测The equipment must be properly maintained and checked for “leakage”电流应尽量小，可以装减压装置The electric current should be as low as possible, voltage reduction devices can be fitted施工安全培训-中英安全预防措施安全预防措施Some Control Measures提供合适的防护盾、护眼罩，并强制使用Suitable, approved shields, goggles with appropriate filter plates must be provided and enforced the use of them强烈建议使用防火手套和围裙Flame proof gloves and aprons are highly recommended通风设备对防毒很关键Ventilation to prevent toxic fumes is very important培训工人如何急救电击受害者，并确保自身安全Instruct other workers on how to treat victims for electric shock, and what action they themselves must take to ensure they too, do not become a victim施工安全培训-中英气焊气焊Gas Welding 汽缸爆炸Explosion of gas cylinders火灾Fire Risks吸入毒气Inhalation of toxic fumes由于放射性使眼睛受伤Damage to eyes by radiation危险危险The Hazards:施工安全培训-中英安全预防措施安全预防措施Some Control Measures小心使用气瓶Handle gas cylinders with care不能有物品放在气瓶上Workpiece must not rest on cylinders垂直放置气瓶Store cylinders in upright position使用时，气瓶也要保持垂直When being used, cylinders must also be upright设备、管子、仪表等都要每天检查Equipment, Hoses, gauges etc must be checked daily for serviceability施工安全培训-中英“合理且可行的安全规范合理且可行的安全规范”“Reasonably Practicable” 权衡风险风险和成本成本 Weigh up the cost against the risk 成本成本cost风险风险risk施工安全培训-中英