抽象名词具体化1.具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪等抽象概念的名词可用来表达具体的人和事，这种情况就是抽象名词用作可数名词。 difficulty 困难； a difficulty 一件难事 experience 经验； an experience 一次经历 failure 失败； a failure 一位失败者，一件失败的事 knowledge 知识； a good knowledge 对精通/熟知 success 成功； a success 一位成功者；一件成功的事 surprise 惊奇； a surprise 一件令人吃惊的事 honour 荣誉； an honour 一位(件)带来荣誉的人或事 Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。 The party last night was a success. We sang and danced until it came to an end.昨晚的晚会很成功，我们唱啊跳啊直到晚会结束。2.有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词。 物质名词物质名词 可数名词可数名词物质名词物质名词 可数名词可数名词drink 饮料two drinks 两杯饮料sugar 糖a sugar 一块糖coffee 咖啡a coffee 一杯咖啡paper 纸a paper 一张报纸；一篇论文tea 茶two teas 两杯茶hair 头发a hair 一根头发 Would you like some coffee？你想喝点咖啡吗？ I would like a coffee and two beers.我想要一杯咖啡和两杯啤酒。1.一些以-ing结尾的名词在使用时常用复数，如：belongings财产，携带物品；feelings感情；findings调查或研究的结果；savings存款，积蓄；surroundings环境，周围的事物，等等。2.有些复数形式的名词的意义已超出原来单词的意思，如airs威风/神气；customs海关；damages赔偿物；papers论文/文件；goods货物/商品，等等。英语中有些名词常以复数形式出现3.某些短语中，名词常用复数：be/make friends with和某人是/交朋友； be on good terms with sb.与某人关系好； shake hands with sb.和某人握手； change seats with sb.和某人交换座位； exchange greetings with sb.和某人相互问好； take pains尽力，煞费苦心； in high spirits情绪高昂，等等。.单句填空单句填空1.The doctor told Mary that too much (expose) to the sun is bad for the skin.【解析】句意：医生告诉玛丽，过多地暴露在阳光下对皮肤有害。too much用来修饰不可数名词。【答案】 exposure2.Young people go to college with the (expect) that better educated people get a higher pay.【解析】句意：年轻人常常怀着这样的期望上大学：受过更好的教育的人会得到更高的薪水。此处，冠词后要用名词。【答案】expectation3.Not having been given a written (permit), he had to write another letter to the president of the university. 【解析】句意：因为没有得到书面许可,他不得不给大学校长再写另一封信。written作定语修饰名词。【答案】 permission4.If transport costs had been taken into (consider) at the beginning, the factory would have been built far from its present place.【解析】句意：如果运输成本在一开始就得以考虑,工厂将会建在离目前工厂很远的地方。takeinto consideration意为“顾及；考虑到”。【答案】 4.consideration5.As Susan stared at the piles of plastic in her recycling bin, a strong sense of (responsible) made her stick to her recycling work.【解析】句意：当苏珊盯着回收箱里的成堆的塑料时,强烈的责任感让她坚持她的回收工作。此处介词of后用名词，a sense of responsibility意为“责任感，责任心”。【答案】responsibility6.With the help of some witnesses, three criminals were caught and asked to aid in the (investigate).【解析】句意：在一些目击者的帮助下,三名罪犯被抓捕并被要求协助调查。冠词the后用名词。【答案】 investigation7.It is not only an embarrassment for sufferers but a test of (endure) for family and friends. 【解析】 句意：这不仅对当事人来说很尴尬，对于家人和朋友也是一种忍耐力的考验。此处介词of后用名词。【答案】 endurance8.In view of all sorts of rumors and guesses, experts carried out some careful and scientific research and discounted the (possible) of a second earthquake in this area.【解析】句意：针对各种谣言和猜测,专家进行了一些谨慎和科学的研究，排除了这一地域的第二次地震的可能性。【答案】 possibility9.Each of us is likely to develop a personal （prefer） for certain types of entertainment.【解析】句意：我们每个人都可能会形成一种对某些类型娱乐的个人偏爱。【答案】 preference10.In severe cases, the economic burden would cause conflict for resources and intensify social (contradict) and unrest as we have seen in the past.【解析】句意：在严重情况下，经济上的重负将导致争夺资源的冲突，加剧社会矛盾和动荡，这已被我们以往的经历所证实。contradict的名词形式是contradiction。【答案】contradictions11.A report by the Chinese Academy of Social Science said _(employ) among new graduates grew to over 12 percent last year because of the global economic crisis.【解析】句意：中国社会科学院的一份报告说, 因为全球经济危机，应届毕业生失业率去年增长了12%以上。分析句子结构，空处应是名词作宾语从句的主语。根据句意，应用unemployment。【答案】 11.unemployment12.Considering the severe fact of global warming, the top priority of all nations is to reduce CO2 _（emit） and increase use of renewable energy.【解析】句意：考虑到全球变暖的严重事实,所有国家的首要任务是减少二氧化碳排放,增加可再生能源的使用。根据后面的use of可知此空应用名词。 【答案】 12.emissions 13.Some experts think the wolfs team spirit for (survive) is what is needed in todays competitive culture.【解析】句意：一些专家认为：狼为生存的团队精神是今天的竞争文化所需要的。【答案】 13.survival14.Bob was fired the other day simply because he failed to live up to the bosss (expect).【解析】句意：几天前鲍勃被解雇了,仅仅因为他辜负了老板的期望。名词所有格后用名词。【答案】 14.expectations15.Toms (polite) was beyond endurance and he was asked to leave the room by his grandma.【解析】句意：汤姆的无礼令人难以忍受，他的祖母不得不令他离开房间。从句意看，应是Tom的无礼才令祖母无法忍受。【答案】 15.impoliteness16.It took us quite a long time to get thereit was a three _(hour) journey.【解析】 句意：我们花了很长时间到达那里那是三个小时的旅程。此处是名词所有格作定语。【答案】 16.hours17.The little girl asked her mother to buy her a nice pair of shoes, so her mother went to some (shoe) stores.【解析】句意：小女孩儿要她的妈妈给她买一双漂亮的鞋子，所以他的妈妈去逛了一些鞋店。名词作定语，需用单数形式。【答案】 17.shoe18.It is important to promote _(child) education, especially among the poor areas.【解析】句意：提升儿童教育是非常重要的，尤其是在贫苦地区。名词所有格作定语。【答案】 18.childrens19.For Americans, distance in a social conversation is about an arms _(long) to front feet.【解析】句意：对于美国人来说，社交谈话的距离大约是距前脚一臂之远。根据前面的an arms可知，所有格之后必须用名词形式。意为“一手臂长的距离”。【答案】 19.length20.I have to interrupt your meeting because the news is of great _(important). 【解析】句意：我不得不打断你们的会议，因为这个消息太重要了。be of n.= be adj.。【答案】 20.importance21.The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took _(mass) of pictures of them. 【解析】句意：那些年轻的舞者穿着漂亮的衣服看起来非常迷人，所以我们跟他们拍了很多照片。此题考查表示“许多”的名词修饰语。masses of可用于可数、不可数名词之前。【答案】 21.masses22.The person who has taught me most about _(live) is my grandmother.【解析】句意：教我很多关于人生世事的是我的祖母。此处life为抽象名词，不需要冠词。【答案】 22.life23.I was born in Shanxi Province and Im in good _(healthy).【解析】短语be in good health意为“身体健康”，其中health为不可数名词。【答案】 23.health24.Besides, wed better have _(meal) regularly.【解析】句意：另外，我们最好饮食有规律。have meals是固定短语，意为“吃饭”。【答案】 24.meals25. _(organize) around the world recognize our diplomas.【解析】句意：世界的组织都承认我们的学位证书。名词做主语，且根据句意此处要用复数形式。【答案】 25.Organizations26. I stopped and found that they were (tour) from Canada who carelessly left a very important wallet in a taxi.【解析】句意：我停下来发现他们是来自加拿大的旅游者，他们粗心地将一个重要的钱包丢在出租车里了。由“they were”可判断此处用复数。【答案】 26.tourists27. The London Eye, which is 450 feet in (high) above the Thames River, is the worlds biggest spinning structure. 【解析】句意：伦敦眼高450英尺，坐落于泰晤士河畔，是世界上最大的旋转结构。词组in height意为“高度，在高度上”。【答案】 27.height28.The park was full of freshness and _(beautiful) of spring, with the sun shining and birds singing.【解析】句意：公园里充满了春天的新鲜和美丽,阳光在照耀,鸟儿在歌唱。此处用抽象名词。【答案】 28.beauty29.Maybe these following _ (advise) can help you.【解析】句意：也许以下这些建议能帮助你。advice为不可数名词。【答案】 29.advice 30.I rushed out and it was my mother, who is already in her _ (fifty), that brought me lunch.【解析】句意：我冲了出去，是我已经五十几岁的母亲给我带来了午餐。名词短语in ones fifties，意为“在某人五十几岁时”。【答案】 30.fifties.单句改错单句改错1.If your dog destroys the furnitures when you are away, it could be a pessimist, researchers have concluded.【解析】句意：研究人员总结道，如果你的爱犬趁你不在时破坏家具，那它可能是一条悲观的狗。furniture 是不可数名词，没有复数形式。【答案】1.furnituresfurniture2.Put yourself in situations where youre forced to communicate in English, and youll see more progresses over time.【解析】句意：将自己置身于你被迫用英语交流的情况下,随着时间的推移,你会看到更大的进步。名词progress 是不可数名词，没有复数形式。【答案】 2.progressesprogress3.You mustnt use your cell phone here in our hospital because of the disturbance to the electronic equipments! Its forbidden.【解析】句意：你不能在我们医院使用你的手机,因为它干扰电子设备!这是禁止的。equipment 是不可数名词，没有复数形式。【答案】 3.equipmentsequipment4.All countries need accurate, timely and reliable climate informations as well as high quality climate services, as they will benefit the whole humankind.【解析】句意：所有国家都需要准确、及时和可靠的气候信息以及高质量的气候服务,因为这些将造福全人类。information 是不可数名词，没有复数形式。【答案】 4.informationsinformation5.The rise in wood fuel use has contributed to the disappear of forest and the loss of habitats for pandas. 【解析】句意：木质燃料的增加导致了森林的消失和大熊猫栖息地的减少。disappear是动词。【答案】 5.disappeardisappearance6.We really like this fresh-faced Brit. And shes a relatively new actress who doesnt have a whole lot of baggages to wear her down. 【解析】句意：我们真心喜欢这位英国来的新面孔，而且她作为新演员，没那么重的包袱要放下。baggage 是不可数名词，没有复数形式。【答案】 6.baggagesbaggage7.If you do run a race without training, you might simply run out of breathe and have to walk. You might even have to stop altogether, or worse yet, you might get injured.【解析】句意：如果你不练习就去参加比赛，你会很快上气不接下气而不得不停下来走，或者更严重的是，你也许会受伤。breathe 是动词，而out of 后应跟名词breath。【答案】 7.breathebreath8.“She is sincerely confident and has good grasp of her strengths and weakness,” said Dr. Baird, “and she is wise beyond her years.”【解析】句意：“她非常自信而且她深知自己的强项和弱项，”拜尔德博士说，“而且她的聪慧超过了她的同龄人。”grasp 本是抽象名词，其前加了形容词(good),就是抽象名词具体化了。have a good grasp of意为“深刻了解”。【答案】 8.has a good grasp9.Any society which is interested in equal of opportunity and standards of achievement must regularly test its pupils.【解析】句意：任何一个对机会的平等和成就的标准感兴趣的社会必须制定规则来测试他的学生。句中in是介词，其后应跟名词。【答案】 9.equalequality10.Your life will be filled with different commitment, but the important thing is to make a list of all of them and evaluate each. Which are the most important?【解析】句意：你的生活会都被各种承诺填满，但重要的是我们需要认真地审视每一个承诺，哪一个是最重要的?different后应跟复数名词。【答案】 10.commitmentcommitments11.Yet many people with autism(自闭症) have made name for themselves as writers, public speakers, photographers, artists, musicians, designers, and even inventors.【解析】句意：但许多自闭症患者已经成为作家、演说家、摄影师、艺术家、音乐家、设计师、甚至是发明家。make a name是固定短语，意同 “become famous”。【答案】 11.made a name12.Ordinary woman though she is, she has won the award because she tries every mean to make people aware of the importance of the environment conservation.【解析】句意：虽然她只是一个普通的女人,但她赢得了这个奖项,因为她想方设法让人们意识到环境保护的重要性。means意为“方式，方法”时，单复数同形，mean无此意。【答案】 12.meanmeans13.Though the trade in the past was to the satisfactory of both sides, there are chances for further development. 【解析】句意：尽管在过去，我们双方的贸易很令人满意，但仍有进一步发展的可能。to the satisfaction of 意为“令满意”，介词to 的后面应用名词形式。【答案】 13.satisfactorysatisfaction14.Officials promised that the children would be found new places, but Mr.Luo says there is no way that the local government-run school would have enough rooms for the children of migrant workers.【解析】句意：官员们许诺会为孩子们安排新的地方，但罗先生表示在政府办的公共学校里，没有足够的空间容纳农民工子女。本句中room 是抽象名词，意为“空间”，意同“space”, 是不可数名词。【答案】 14.roomsroom15.These days the government has issued several economic policies that will accelerate prosperous of manufacturing industry.【解析】句意：现在，政府已经发布了几个经济政策来加速制造业的繁荣。prosperous的名词形式是prosperity。【答案】 15.prosperousprosperity16.First of all, we have to recognize our strength and weaknesses.【解析】句意：首先，我们要认清我们的优势和劣势。名词短语“strengths and weaknesses”，意为“优缺点，优势和劣势”。【答案】 16.strengthstrengths17.It was great success to host such a big event at our place.【解析】句意：在我们的地盘组织一次这样的盛会是非常成功的。此题考查抽象名词转化为具体名词，a success意为“一位成功的人或一件成功的事”，此时为可数名词。【答案】 17.was a great success18.We paid a visit to a remote village, which is a four hours walk.【解析】句意：我们参观了一遥远的小山村，到那里要走四个小时。此处是名词所有格作定语。【答案】 18.hourshours19.The bicycles shop is just around the corner two blocks away, and you cant miss it.【解析】句意：自行车店就在两个街区外的转弯处，你不会错过它的。此处需要名词作定语。【答案】 19.bicyclesbicycle20.In America, if you are not yet at age of eighteen, you are not allowed to drink any spirits.【解析】句意：在美国，如果你未满十八岁，你是不能喝任何烈性酒的。at the age of是年龄的惯用表达。【答案】 20.at the age of21.Sometimes we talk to each other online very well, but we become stranger when offline.【解析】句意：有时我们在网上聊得很好，但是线下我们就变得陌生了。根据句意此处要用名词的复数。【答案】 21.strangerstrangers22.I saw your wife and children waiting for you with warm smile of welcome on their faces.【解析】句意：我看见你的妻子和孩子脸上挂着热情的笑容在等你。根据句意此处要用名词的复数。【答案】 22.smilesmiles21.Sometimes we talk to each other online very well, but we become stranger when offline.【解析】句意：我非常高兴地收到了你两周前寄给我的信。【答案】 23.weekweeks22.I saw your wife and children waiting for you with warm smile of welcome on their faces.【解析】句意：自从那时起，这些年我们就让西红柿随便自然播种。these意为“这些”，后跟名词复数。【答案】 24.yearyears25. For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.【解析】句意：例如，我们可以每天读一个半小时书再做一个小时的运动。【答案】 5.hourhours26. They gave me so much love and spare no efforts to support me.【解析】句意：他们给了我很多的爱并且不遗余力地支持我。spare no effort是固定搭配，意为“不遗余力”。【答案】 26.effortseffort27. It is good manners to shake hand with your host.【解析】句意：与客人握手是有礼貌的。shake hands是固定搭配，意为“握手”.【答案】27.handhands28. One of the boy carried her on his back, with the help of some others, to the hospital immediately.【解析】句意：其中的一个男孩儿在其他人的帮助下把她背在肩上立即送往医院。one of+名词复数形式。【答案】 28.boyboys29. Ive done well in all subject and Im especially good at computer studies and English.【解析】句意：我所有的科目都学得好，尤其擅长计算机和英语。all后可数名词要用复数形式。【答案】29.subjectsubjects30. When English is the only language in class, students will have more opportunity to practise listening and speaking.【解析】句意：当在班级里只能说英语时，学生就有更多的机会练习听力和口语。more后接可数名词的复数形式。【答案】 30.opportunityopportunities