Unit 1 Sporting eventsGrammar课件课件A.adverbial phrases and clauses of purpose 目的状语从句：从句部分是用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的的。目的状语从句：从句部分是用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的的。引导词：引导词：in order (not) to, so as (not) to, in order that（为了，以便）（为了，以便）, so that(以便），以便），that（以便），（以便），in case(以免），以免），Lest（免得；唯恐），（免得；唯恐）， for fear that（生（生怕；以免）。怕；以免）。 目的状语从句的谓语常含有目的状语从句的谓语常含有can, may, will, shall, might, could, should, would等情态动词。等情态动词。 Eg.1 in order to go up a hill, you have to stand sideways and go up step by step.2 you must point the tips of your skis together so that you can stop.Eg.3. you should not ski alone in case you fall and get injured.4. You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.5. He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.6. I am telling you that lest you should make a mistake.Practice:1. Read it aloud _ the class can hear you.A. so that B. if C. when D. although2. She was _ tired _ she could not move an inch.A. so, that B. such, that C. very, that D. so, as3. Speak to him slowly _ he may understand you better.A. since B. so that C. for D. because4. Bring it nearer _ I may see it better.A. although B. even though C. so that D. since5. Helen listened carefully _ she might discover exactly what she needed.A. in that B. in order that C. in case D. even thoughB. Adverbial phrases and clauses of concession让步状语从句 一般翻译为“尽管即使” ，用来比较两种观点。引导连词主要有：though, although, as, even if, even though, despite, in spite of ,whether.or.; no matter+疑问词，疑问词-ever等。（1）though, although表示表示“虽然，纵然虽然，纵然”之意。之意。这两个连词意思大致相同，一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中，though较常使用，although比though正式，二者都可与yet, still或never，the less连用，但不能与but连用。例如：Although/Though he was worn out, (still) he kept on working. 虽然他已经精疲力竭了，但仍然继续工作。Although/Though he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong. 他虽然年纪大了，身体还很健壮。值得注意的是，although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多，though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。例如：She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard. 她虽然不用功学习，考试却及格了。（2）as, though表示表示“虽然虽然但是但是”，“纵使纵使”之意。之意。as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现，被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形，though也可用于这样的结构中，但although不可以这样用。例如： Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard, he makes little progress.)尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.（=Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.）虽然他是一个孩子，但他知道该做什么。（3）even if, even though 表示表示“即使即使”，“纵使纵使”之意，含有之意，含有一种假设。一种假设。这两个复合连词的意思基本相同。它们常互换使用，但意义有细微差别。even if引导的让步从句含有强烈的假定性，而even though引导让步状语从句时，是以从句的内容为先决条件的，即说话人肯定了从句的事实。例如：Even if he is poor, she loves him. (=He may be poor, yet she loves him.)即使他很穷，但她还是爱他。Even though he is poor, she loves him. (=He is poor, yet she loves him.)尽管他很穷，但她还是爱她。（4）whether.or.表示表示“不论是否不论是否”，“不管是不管是还是还是”之意。之意。由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。例如：Whether you believe it or not, its true.无论你是否相信，这都是真的。（5）“no matter+疑问词疑问词”或或“疑问词疑问词-ever”的含义为“都；不管都”，它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。例如： No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happened, he would not mind.)无论发生了什么，他都不会介意的。【注意】 “no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句。例如：Whatever (=No matter what) you say, I wont believe you. (Whatever 引导让步状语从句)无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。Ill eat whatever (no matter what) you give me. (whatever引导宾语从句)你给我吃什么，我就吃什么。Whoever comes will be welcome. (Whoever 引导主语从句) 不管谁来都受到欢迎。practice1._ you go, dont forget your people.A. Whenever B. However C. Wherever D. Whichever 2. They will never succeed, _ hard they try.A. because B. however C. when D. since3. _ still half drunk, he made his way home.A. When B. Because C. Though D. As4. _ she was very tired, she went on working.A. As B. Although C. Even D. In spite of5. Busy _ he was, he tried his best to help you.A. as B. when C. since D. for6. I learned a little Russian _ I was at middle school.A. though B. although C. as if D. when7._ hard she tries, she can hardly avoid making mistakes in her homework.A. Much B. However C. As D. Although 8. Poor _ it may be, there is no place like home, _ you may go.A. as; wherever B. though; whenever C. in spite of; when D. that; wherever Have a try: Answers: (page8)2 Although it is very difficult for her, she enjoys skating very much. Despite of the difficulty ,she enjoys skating very much.3. Although he is very old, he still does tai chi everyday. Despite his age, he does tai chi everyday.4. Although he is afraid, he learns to dive. Despite his fears, he learns to dive.5. Although its dangerous, they still love climbing. Despite danger, they still love climbing.Homework:1. Read the book from Page 6 to Page 8.2. Preview the listening part.同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全