第第2323讲讲 Unit 23 ConflictUnit 23 Conflict第第2323讲讲Unit 23 Conflict Unit 23 Conflict 第第2323讲讲 美文欣赏美文欣赏美文欣赏假设你叫李华，是校报通讯员。上周三你班召开一次班会，假设你叫李华，是校报通讯员。上周三你班召开一次班会，会上重点讨论会上重点讨论“老人摔倒要不要扶起老人摔倒要不要扶起”这一话题，原因是近几这一话题，原因是近几年发生过多起因扶起摔倒老人而引火烧身的官司。你班同学对年发生过多起因扶起摔倒老人而引火烧身的官司。你班同学对此进行了激烈的辩论，请你结合辩论情况，用英语为校报写一此进行了激烈的辩论，请你结合辩论情况，用英语为校报写一篇报道，并发表自己的看法。篇报道，并发表自己的看法。注意：注意：1词数词数120150；2可适当发挥，以使行文连贯。可适当发挥，以使行文连贯。【精彩美文】 A class meeting was held in our class last Wednesday. At the meeting we had a heated debate on “whether we should help the old people up when they fall over”. Some classmates think we have responsibility to help them, because we Chinese have fine traditions to help people in trouble. While others have quite different opinions. They think we should leave a distance off and help to call 120, because in recent years many lawsuits have happened due to helping old people. The helpers had to pay the injurer a lot of money.第第2323讲讲 美文欣赏美文欣赏In my opinion, when we help the old people, we should depend on specific situation. When the old people are in great danger and badly need help, we should give an immediate first aid and help to send him or her to the nearest hospital. When the old people are slightly injured, wed better help to call the police.第第2323讲讲 美文欣赏美文欣赏【全品点睛】 行文逻辑：提出论点正反论述发表看法。较好地使用了连接词语，如：while，in my opinion等。 词汇短语：运用了较高难度的词汇。如：leave a distance off，due to，depend on，in great danger等。 句式句法：运用了多样化的句式和句法结构。如：whether引导的宾语从句，when引导的时间状语从句：“whether we should help the old people up when they fall over”；原因状语从句：because we Chinese have fine traditions to help people in trouble；时间状语从句：When the old people are slightly injured 第第2323讲讲 美文欣赏美文欣赏基础梳理.单词荟萃单词荟萃1. _n. 纪念碑纪念碑_ n. 记忆力记忆力_ vt. 记记忆，记住忆，记住2. _ n. 正义，公正正义，公正just adj. 公正的，正直的公正的，正直的3. _ n. 移民，移民入境移民，移民入境_v. 移民移民_ n(外来外来)移民移民4. _adj. 青少年的，青春期的青少年的，青春期的_ n. 青春期青春期5. _ n. 离开，离去离开，离去_ v. 启程，出发启程，出发6. _vt. 任命，委任；约定任命，委任；约定_n. 任命，约会任命，约会第第2323讲讲 基础梳理基础梳理memorialmemorymemorizejusticeimmigrationimmigrateimmigrantadolescentadolescencedeparturedepartappointappointment7. _ n. 私有物品 _ vt. 拥有8. _ n. 奴隶制度_n. 奴隶9. _ n. 代表 _ v. 代表10. _ adj. 理论的_ n. 理论第第2323讲讲 基础梳理基础梳理possessionpossessslaveryslaverepresentativerepresenttheoreticaltheory.短语检测1把交给 2向告别 3处于可能受伤害的境遇 4瞬间，即刻 5保护，维护 6有的天赋 7减去 8提议，提出 9看不起 10发生 第第2323讲讲 基础梳理基础梳理hand overbid goodbyebe exposed toin a flashstand up forhave a gift forkeep offput forwardlook down on/uponcome about.佳句再现1. _ has drumming caused such conflict. 由于练鼓引发的这样的纠纷很少见。2. _ they _ their neighbour was a drummer, they wouldnt have moved into the building. 如果他们知道他们的邻居是位鼓手，他们不会搬进这栋大楼来。3. _ could we _the smell of fish. 而且鱼腥味很难除掉。4By the look of them, their trenches were in _our own. 从他们的样子看来，他们的战壕和我们的一样糟糕。第第2323讲讲 基础梳理基础梳理SeldomHadknownNeitherget rid ofas bad a state as5In fact, _I use the bike, _I seem to put on. 实际上，我自行车用得越多，我的体重越增加。 第第2323讲讲 基础梳理基础梳理the morethe more weight第第2323讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 单词点睛1remarkn谈论，言论，评述谈论，言论，评述 v评论，评论， 谈及谈及(1) make a remark _就就发表意见发表意见(2) remark on/upon 谈论；评论谈论；评论(3) remarkable adj. 非凡的；显著的非凡的；显著的be remarkable_ 以以而著称而著称onfor【活学活用】1用remark及其变形的表达方式完成句子 (1)The editor _ last month.上个月编者评论那篇文章写得很好。(2)The similarity between them has often _. 他们之间很相似， 这是常有人提到的事。(3)He had a habit of _. 他说话很幽默。(4)She has _. 她取得了惊人的进步。第第2323讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 remarked that article was well writtenbeen remarked onmaking humorous remarksmade remarkable progress2单项填空As the famous expert _， the secret _ happiness is to think about positive things and stay optimistic. Aretells; onBreminds; toCremarks; of Drespects; in解析 C考查动词及介词辨析。remark“谈及，说起，评论”；介词of表所属关系，无生命事物的所有格通常用of表示。第第2323讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 2distributev. 分发、分配某事物；使(某物)散开； 散布(1)distribute sth. _把某物分给 distribute sth. among 在中分配某物(2)distribution n. 分发； 分配distributor n. 分发者； 分配者第第2323讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 to【活学活用】(1)The demonstrators _ leaflets to passersby. 示威者向行人分发传单。(2)At present, _cannot satisfy most of the people. 目前利润的分配未能满足大多数人民。(3)The teacher in the kindergarten is _(4)to the children. 幼儿园的老师正在给小朋友们派发小礼物。第第2323讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 distributedthe distribution of profitsdistributing the small gifts3consumevt.消耗(1)be consumed with envy/hatred/greed 心中充满了忌妒/仇恨/贪欲(2)consumption n消费， 消费量consumer n. 消费者第第2323讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 【活学活用】(1)The car _. 这辆汽车很费汽油。(2)Each year Americans _(3)_. 每年美国人都消耗掉很大比例的世界能源。(3)He has to cut down on _. 他不得不少吃肉。第第2323讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 consumes a lot of fuel consume a high percentage of the worlds energythe consumption of meat4possessv占有； 拥有(1)possess sb. _sth. 使某人拥有某物possess oneself 自制；自控(2)be possessed of 具有(某种品质)be possessed with/by sth. 一心想着某事(3)possession n. 拥有；个人财产in ones possession 为所拥有be _ possession of 拥有be in the possession of sb. 被某人拥有take possession _ 占领； 占有come into possession of 继承第第2323讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 of inof(4)possessive adj.不愿与人分享的；所有格的possessor n. 拥有者【注意事项】possess意为“拥有，持有”，也可表示“使有”，而be possessed of则表示“有”。 He is possessed of great learning.他具有很强的学习能力。【温馨提示】possess语气要比have重一些，只用于表示拥有好的东西。He possesses many good qualities.不能说He possesses many faults.第第2323讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 【活学活用】1根据汉语提示，用上述表达方式完成句子(1)He_ (拥有) a beautiful house in the countryside.(2)Hes never been _ (具有) much sense.(3)The company is _(所有) the old man.(4)When his father died, he _ (继承) the famous supermarket.(5)Jake is now _ (一心想着) the dream of going abroad someday.第第2323讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 possessespossessed ofin the possession ofcame into possession ofpossessed with2单项填空According to the facts _， he cannot be possibly guilty.Ain my possessionBin my professionCin the procession Din the provision解析 A考查词义辨析。 in sbs possession为某人所有(占有)；profession(专业要求较强的)职业；procession游行；provision给养，口粮。句意：根据我掌握的事实，他不可能有罪。第第2323讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 5expose vt. 显露；暴露；使曝光；使面临 【情景记忆】第第2323讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 expose sth./sb./oneself to显露，暴露be exposed _ 暴露于auto expose 自动曝光第第2323讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 to【活学活用】1根据汉语意思完成句子(1)You _unnecessary risks.你不应该让士兵们冒不必要的危险。(2)The crime of the corrupt officials _. 对于贪官污吏的罪行，一定要毫不保留地予以揭发。第第2323讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 shouldnt expose the soldiers to must be exposed without any reserve2用expose的适当形式填空(1)In summer, _the sun can be very harmful to your skin.(2)The soil was washed away by the flood, _ bare rocks.3单项填空The more one is _ the English speaking environment, the better he or she will learn the language.Aexposed toBfilled inCcaught on Dkept up解析 A考查词组辨析。be exposed to被暴露在第第2323讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 being exposed toexposing6classifyvt. 划分；分类，归类(1)classify _划分，界定classifyby/according to根据将分类(2)classified adj. 分类的；机密的be classified _ 分成/为类(3)classification n. 分类；分级【词语辨析】organize, arrange, classify与sort这些动词均含“使有条理，安排”之意。(1)organize指按计划或需要把人或物安排、组织成一个整体。如：第第2323讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 asasWell organize an oratorical contest.我们将筹划一次演说比赛。(2)arrange指按计划、秩序、需要和可能等进行的安排。如：It was arranged that they should leave the following spring.已安排他们于第二年春天离开。(3)classify指按照事物类型或质量等进行分类。如：Eggs are classified according to size.鸡蛋按大小分等级。(4)sort通常指根据类型或种类分类或整理选择。如：Cant you sort the good from the bad? 你难道不会区分好坏吗？第第2323讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 【活学活用】1根据汉语意思完成句子 (1)The books in the library _ subject.图书馆的书是按科目分类的。(2)_a hard drug or a soft drug?你会把它界定为致瘾毒品还是非致瘾毒品？第第2323讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 are classified by/according toWould you classify it as2单项填空We _ certain livings as birds not because they have long legs or short legs, but because they all have feathers. Athink BclassifyClook Ddivide解析 B考查动词词义辨析。classifyas“把归类为”。第第2323讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 7intendvt. 想要， 打算；为特殊目的而设计(1)intend to do打算做intend that 打算做intendfor 打算供使用； 打算送给，打算使成为(2)be intended _ 为而(做、建)；供用be intended to be 为打算或设计的 It is intended that 企图， 意图是(3)intention n. 意图，目的第第2323讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 for【词语辨析】intend, mean与propose(1)intend 是正式用语， 指“心里已有做某事的目标或计划”， 含有“行动坚决”之意。 如： I intended to write to you.我要给你写信。 (2)mean 可与 intend互换， 但强调“做事的意图”， 较口语化。 如： I mean to go to bed earlier tonight.今晚我想早点睡觉。 (3)propose指“公开明确地提出自己的目的或计划”。 如： I proposed to speak for an hour.我想讲一个小时。 第第2323讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 【活学活用】1用括号中所给词的适当形式填空(1)Erna intends _(take)short rests every two hours.(2)Under no circumstances should it _ (intend) for trading or investing purposes. 第第2323讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 to takebe intended2. 单项填空The idea of robot _ by a Crech playwright. The word “robot” means “work” in the Crech language and that is what it _ to do.Awas invented; intendedBwas invented; is intendedCis invented; intend Dis invented; is intended解析 B考查时态语态。由语境可知第一个空为一般过去式，故排除C、D两项，be intended to“(它)被使用的目的是”。第第2323讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 8expensen支出，消费；费用；开支，经费(常用复数)(1)at sbs expense 由某人负担费用at the expense _sb./sth. 在牺牲的情况下at ones _ expense 自费at public expense 公费spare_ expense 不惜代价(2)expend vt. 花费， 消耗 expensive adj. 贵的expensively adv. 昂贵地；高价地第第2323讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 ofownno【活学活用】1根据汉语意思完成句子(1)We were taken out for a meal _.公司出钱请我们外出就餐。(2)He built up the business _his health.他以自己的健康为代价逐步建立起这个企业。(3)Every time we get into trouble, hell come and _. 每次我们遇到困难，他都会来全力以赴地帮助我们。第第2323讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 at the companys expenseat the expense ofspare no expense to help us out2单项填空One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living _.AbillsBexpensesCprices Dcharges解析 B考查词义辨析。bill账单；expense费用，代价；price价格；charge指控，控告，费用。charge指费用时所指的是强制性的收费，而expense指的是个人的花费。 第第2323讲讲 单词点睛单词点睛 1hand over交出，移交交出，移交hand sb./sth. over to sb.把某人把某人/某物正式交给某人某物正式交给某人hand _ 交上去交上去(给老师或上级给老师或上级)hand sth.on (to sb.)把某事物交把某事物交(或留或留)给给(某人某人)使用使用hand down 把把传下来传下来hand _ 散发，分发散发，分发at hand 在近处；即将到来在近处；即将到来第第2323讲讲 短语储存短语储存 短语储存outinby hand手工的give/lend sb. a hand 帮某人一把hand _hand 手拉手；同时并存 in hand 在手头，可供使用on hand 现有(尤指帮助)on the one (other) hand 一方面(另一方面)hands up 举手，举起手来第第2323讲讲 短语储存短语储存 in【活学活用】1用以上短语的适当形式填空(1)The examinations are near _. 考试即将来临。(2)_your examination papers now, please. 现在请把考卷交上来。(3)The thief was _the policestation. 这个小偷已经送交派出所了。(4)Having enough data _, we can set to work. 手头有足够的资料，我们就可以开始工作了。(5)Please read this notice and _. 本通知看后请传阅。第第2323讲讲 短语储存短语储存 at handHand inhanded over toin handhand it on2单项填空John is the only son of the couple, so it is certain that he will _ the big business when his father gets old.Ahand overBtake overCgo over Dturn over解析 B考查词组辨析。句意：约翰是家里唯一的儿子，所以当他爸爸年纪大了，他一定会接管他爸爸的大生意。hand over把交给；take over接管；go over查看，留下印象；turn over翻转；移交。第第2323讲讲 短语储存短语储存 2give in屈服，让步；交上(试卷等)give in to sb.对某人让步give _ 分发；发出(气味、热等)give away 赠送，分发(奖品等)give off 发出(蒸汽、光等)give _ (归)还； 使返回； 使恢复【词语辨析】give in与 give up(1)give in意为 “屈服，上交”。作“屈服”讲时，只作不及物动词，后不直接跟宾语，如果接宾语，后常接介词to, 表示“向某人屈服或交给某人”。如：第第2323讲讲 短语储存短语储存 outbackI would rather die than give in to the enemy.我宁死不屈。(2)give up 意为“放弃”，是及物动词，后跟名词、代词或动名词，表示“放弃(做)某事”。如：We must never give up hope when in trouble.处于困难中时，我们必须从不放弃希望。第第2323讲讲 短语储存短语储存 【活学活用】1根据汉语提示完成句子(1)Dont mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may _ (泄露)the shocking ending.(2)She _ (递交了报告)2单项填空Her parents died when she was a baby and she was _ by her aunt.Agiven inBgive up Cbrought up Dused up解析 C考查动词短语辨析。give in让步；give up放弃；bring up抚养；use up用光，用尽。第第2323讲讲 短语储存短语储存 give awaygave in her report3blow out 吹灭at a/one blow一举；一下子blow _ 炸毁；给(某物)充气blow off 吹掉blow sb. away 击毙某人blow _ 吹走blow ones nose 擤鼻子blow sb. a kiss 飞吻 第第2323讲讲 短语储存短语储存 upaway【活学活用】(1)I killed six flies _ (一下子)(2) _the candles _ (把吹灭)!(3)Stop at the gas station and we will _ (给充气) the tyres.第第2323讲讲 短语储存短语储存 at a/one blowBlowoutblow up4in peace平静地， 处于平静状态【活学活用】(1)The two communities _. 这两个社区和平相处。(2)May he _. 愿他安息。(3)Please _.请让我安静地工作。第第2323讲讲 短语储存短语储存 live together in peace with one anotherrest in peacelet me do my work in peace5call in打电话来；召来，请来call _ 回电话call for 需要；要求call_取消(某活动)call on/upon sb. 拜访某人call _( a place ) 拜访某地call up 给打电话，使回忆call on sb. to do sth. 号召去做 第第2323讲讲 短语储存短语储存 backoffat【活学活用】1根据汉语意思完成句子(1)The party _us to serve the people. 党号召我们为人民服务。(2)Go to _a doctor, please. 去请一位医生来。(3)We will _the factory this week. 这周我们将参观这个工厂。(4)Success _hard work. 成功需要艰苦的劳动。第第2323讲讲 短语储存短语储存 calls oncall incall atcalls for(5)The meeting was _. 这个会议被取消了。(6)I _ you _ this afternoon. 今天下午我给你打了电话。2单项填空As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village _ scenes of my childhood.Acalled upBcalled for Ccalled on Dcalled in解析 A考查词组辨析。call up召唤，使想起，应征入伍；call for要求，需要，去接某人；call on拜访，要求；call in召集，召来，召回。 第第2323讲讲 短语储存短语储存 called offcalledup1I did give it back to you when I got home from camping. 我野营回家后确实把它还给你了。我野营回家后确实把它还给你了。句型公式句型公式强调谓语动词的句式：强调谓语动词的句式：do/did/does动词原形动词原形【注意事项注意事项】“do/did/does动词原形动词原形”这一结构用于表强调，加强谓语动这一结构用于表强调，加强谓语动词的语气。人称和时态体现在助动词词的语气。人称和时态体现在助动词do的形式上。的形式上。第第2323讲讲 句型透视句型透视 句型透视【活学活用】(1)He _.他英语的确说得很好。(2)I _yesterday.我昨天确实向你讲述了这件事。第第2323讲讲 句型透视句型透视 does speak English welldid tell you about it2At least by the time I get back I will have read that awfully boring book that my history teacher has made me read over the holidays. 至少等我回来的时候我将已读过那本历史老师让我们在假期阅读的无聊至极的书。第第2323讲讲 句型透视句型透视 句型公式by the time主语do/does/is/were， 主语will have done/will be 【相关拓展】by the time 主语did/was，主语had done。【注意事项】(1)by the time表示“到时为止”，常与完成时连用。当从句中的时态为一般过去时态时，主句谓语动词用过去完成时态。第第2323讲讲 句型透视句型透视 (2)如果主句的动词为be，其谓语部分通常用will be；如果是实义动词，通常用will have done sth.; 如：By the time you graduate from the school, you will have learned over 3,000 English words.到你毕业时，你将学到三千多个英语单词。(3)by也可用作介词，表示“在(时间)前”。这时，时态可灵活选用。如果by后跟过去时间的名词，则主句时态用过去完成时；如果是现在或将来时间的名词，则主句用将来时或将来完成时。第第2323讲讲 句型透视句型透视 【活学活用】1根据汉语提示完成句子(1)_ (下午早早地)we get there.(2)_ (在我们到达他们家之前), they will have finished supper.2单项填空By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it.AwalksBwalkedChas walked Dhad walked答案 C第第2323讲讲 句型透视句型透视 By early afternoonBy the time we get to their house第第2323讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 跟踪训练.单词拼写单词拼写1He finished the job at the e_ of his health.2The books in the library are c_ by subject.3I i_ to catch the early train, but I didnt get up in time.4What I need now is the _ (安全安全)of a happy home.5The scholarship includes an _ (津贴津贴)of 80 dollars for books.xpenselassified ntended securityallowance.选词填空用下面短语的适当形式填空。put forward； send for； come about； in peace； look down on1Leave the house in no time, or Ill _ the police. 2How did it _ that he knew where we had been?3At the last meeting several important plans _. 4Men do have a good reason for avoiding the topic of loneliness, because they fear that others will usually _ them. 5The Smiths were living _ with the neighbours. 第第2323讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 send forcome aboutwere put forwardlook down onin peace.单项填空1They _ it as a junk food, along with greasy French fries, potato chips, and hamburgers.AthinkBclassifyClookDdivide解析 B考查动词词义辨析。classifyas表示“把归类为”。第第2323讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 2My father _ my brother for driving but he wanted to pick _ the knowledge of the computer during his spare time.Aadvised; up Bpersuaded; outCintended; up Dmanaged; out解析 Cintend sb. for sth.意为“打算让某人做某事”； pick up在此意为“学会”，这里指学会电脑知识。第第2323讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 3Your life will prove your most valuable _ is your friend.Awealth Bpossession Cmatter Dpull解析 B根据句意“你的生活将会证明你最宝贵的财富是你的朋友”可知选B。“拥有，财富”用possession。wealth指物质上的财富。第第2323讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 4I agree that you _ him monitor.Aconsider Bpick Crefer Dappoint解析 D句意：我同意你任命他为班长。consider认为，当作(consider sb. as sth.)；pick 选择、挑选(pick sth. from sth.)；refer提交(refer sth. to sb.)；appoint委派， 任命appoint sb. (as) sth.。第第2323讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 5Why do we have to _ over the car? It is our own property. Atake Bhand Cthink Dget解析 Btake over接管，hand over交管，移交，think over仔细考虑，get over克服，根据句意“我们为什么要把车移交呢？它是我们自己的财产”，可知答案为B。第第2323讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 6In no country _ Britain, as has been mentioned, _ experience four seasons during the course of a single day.Aother than; one can Bapart from; one can Cother than; can one Drather than; can one解析 C考查固定短语和倒装。other than除之外；apart from除之外；rather than而不是。In no country具有否定意义，用于句首时， 句子用部分倒装句。第第2323讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 7Id like to go to the cinema with you, Dad.Sorry, my darling, but the film is _ for adults only.Aadmitted BintendedCpromised Dpermitted解析 B考查动词辨析。be intended for供而用，为而做；admit承认；promise答应；permit批准。第第2323讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 8Your mother, however, _ say that to us that day.Adoes BdidCis doing Dwas doing解析 B助动词did起强调作用。第第2323讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 9Yesterday he called _ me _ my office and told me the good news.Aat; at Bon; on Cat; on Don; at解析 D考查动词和介词的搭配。call on sb. at someplace到某地拜访了某人。第第2323讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 10I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond _. Ahearing BstrengthCrecognition Dmeasure解析 C考查名词辨析。hearing听力；strength力气，力量； recognition认出，识别，认识； measure测量；措施。 第第2323讲讲 跟踪训练跟踪训练 阅读写作阅读写作( (二十三二十三) ) 阅读理解技法指导之推理判断阅读理解技法指导之推理判断 阅读写作阅读写作( (二十三二十三)阅读理解技阅读理解技法指导之推理判断法指导之推理判断 阅读写作阅读写作( (二十三二十三) ) 重视推理判断重视推理判断重视推理判断推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。做好该题型要从整断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。做好该题型要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外弦外之音之音”。推理判断题常常可以分为如下几类：1.细节推断。如时间、地点、人物关系等；2.逻辑推断。根据已知的结果推断导致结果产生的可能原因；3.目的、意图、态度推断。根据文章的论述，推断作者的写作目的以及作者的情感态度；4.预测想象推断。文章没有明确说明，要求根据语篇对文章可能涉及的内容进行预测判断。阅读写作阅读写作( (二十三二十三) ) 重视推理判断重视推理判断一、推理判断主要的设题方式有：1It can be inferred from the passage (or the last paragraph) that2It can be learned from the passage (or the last paragraph) that3It can be concluded from the passage (or the last paragraph) that4It implies that5Where would you most probably find this passage?6What would the author most likely continue to talk about in the next paragraph(s)?阅读写作阅读写作( (二十三二十三) ) 重视推理判断重视推理判断二、推理判断主要的解题策略有：1根据不同文体，推断目的意图。不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的， 通常作者的写作目的有以下三种：(1)to entertain readers(娱乐读者，让人发笑)，常见于故事类的文章。(2)to persuade readers (说服读者接受某种观点)常见于广告类的文章。(3)to inform readers (告知读者某些信息) 多见于科普类新闻报道类文化类或社会类的文章。高考阅读试题涉及各类文章，而以议论文为主，文章的主题句、核心句往往会直接或间接地表明作者的态度立场；阅读理解中也有说明文、描述文。前者因为其体裁的客观性，所以作者的态度也往往采取中立。阅读写作阅读写作( (二十三二十三) ) 重视推理判断重视推理判断而后者因为其文章观点往往不直接提出，而且作者写作时也常带有某种倾向性，所以，阅读时要善于根据文章的文体学会推断作者的情感态度和目的。 2根据用词风格，推断情感态度。一篇好的文章，其用词风格常常直接流露或蕴含作者的内心世界和情感态度。所以阅读时要善于捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的句子或短语，捕捉那些烘托气氛，渲染情感的词句，进而很好地洞察作者的思想倾向，是支持、反对抑或中立。对于选项而言，要分清选项中的褒义词、中性词和贬义词，以此对照全文。如：(1)表示褒义的词语：positive赞成的，supporting支持的，praising赞扬的，optimistic乐观的，admiring羡慕的，enthusiastic热情的等；阅读写作阅读写作( (二十三二十三) ) 重视推理判断重视推理判断(2)表示中性的词语：uninterested无兴趣的，不感兴趣的； neutral中立的；impersonal不带个人感情的；subjective主观的；objective客观的等；(3)表示贬义的词语：disgusted感到恶心的，厌恶的；critical批评的；negative 否定的，反对的；suspicious怀疑的；worried 担忧的等。 3根据写作思路，推断段落发展。不同的文体，写作思路和写作手法也不尽相同。做题时，要善于体会作者的写作思路，揣摩作者的谋篇布局，从宏观上洞察文章的结构框架；同时，还要把握作者行文时所运用的修辞手段，如对比、排比等。通过梳理写作思路，领悟写作手法，即可对文章的发展作出比较科学合理的推断和预测。阅读写作阅读写作( (二十三二十三) ) 重视推理判断重视推理判断 4根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能作出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息作多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据， 推论有理， 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。阅读写作阅读写作( (二十三二十三) ) 重视推理判断重视推理判断例2011浙江卷 (节选)In the more and more competitive service industry，it is no longer enough to promise customer satisfaction. Today，customer “delight” is what companies are trying to achieve in order to keep and increase market share.It is accepted in the marketing industry，and confirmed by a number of researches，that customers receiving good service will promote business by telling up to 12 other people；those treated badly will tell their tales of woe to up to 20 people.Interestingly,80 percent of people who feel their complaints are handled fairly will stay loyal.阅读写作阅读写作( (二十三二十三) ) 重视推理判断重视推理判断New challenges for customer care have come when people can obtain goods and services through telephone call centers and the Internet. For example，many companies now have to invest (投资)a lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the “ phone rage ”caused by delays in answering calls，being cut off in midconversation or left waiting for long periods.阅读写作阅读写作( (二十三二十三) ) 重视推理判断重视推理判断“Many people do not like talking to machines，”says Dr. Storey，Senior Lecturer in Marketing at City University Business School. “Banks，for example，encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with them. The aim is to make the customer feel they know you and that you can trust themthe sort of comfortable feelings people have during facetoface chats with their local branch manager.”阅读写作阅读写作( (二十三二十三) ) 重视推理判断重视推理判断Recommended ways of creating customer delight include：underpromising and overdelivering (saying that a repair will be carried out within five hours，but getting it done within two)；replacing a faulty product immediately；throwing in a gift voucher (购物礼券)as an unexpected “thank you” to regular customers；and always returning calls，even when they are complaints.阅读写作阅读写作( (二十三二十三) ) 重视推理判断重视推理判断Aiming for customer delight is all very well，but if services do not reach the high level promised，disappointment or worse will be the result. This can be eased by offering an apology and an explanation of why the service did not meet usual standards with empathy (for example，“I know how you must feel”)，and possible solutions (replacement，compensation or whatever fairness suggests best meets the case)阅读写作阅读写作( (二十三二十三) ) 重视推理判断重视推理判断Airlines face some of the toughest challenges over customer care. Fierce competition has convinced them that delighting passengers is an important marketing tool，while there is great potential for customer anger over delays caused by weather, unclaimed luggage and technical problems.For British Airways staff，a winning telephone style is considered vital in handling the large volume of calls about bookings and flight times. They are trained to answer quickly，with their name，job title and a “we are here to help” attitude. The company has invested heavily in information technology to make sure that information is available instantly on screen.阅读写作阅读写作( (二十三二十三) ) 重视推理判断重视推理判断British Airways also says its customer care policies are applied within the company and staff are taught to regard each other as customers requiring the highest standards of service.Customer care is obviously here to stay and it would be a foolish company that used slogans such as “we do as we please”On the other hand，the more customers are promised，the greater the risk of disappointment.阅读写作阅读写作( (二十三二十三) ) 重视推理判断重视推理判断1The writer mentions “phone rage” (Paragraph 3)to show that _.Acustomers often use phones to express their anger Bpeople still prefer to buy goods onlineCcustomer care becomes more demandingDcustomers rely on their phones to obtain services阅读写作阅读写作( (二十三二十三) ) 重视推理判断重视推理判断2If a manager should show his empathy (Paragraph 6)，what would he probably say?A“I know how upset you must be.”B“I appreciate your understanding.”C“Im sorry for the delay.”D“I know its our fault.”阅读写作阅读写作( (二十三二十三) ) 重视推理判断重视推理判断3Customer delight is important for airlines because _.Atheir telephone style remains unchangedBthey are more likely to meet with complaints Cthe services cost them a lot of moneyDthe policies can be applied to their staff阅读写作阅读写作( (二十三二十三) ) 重视推理判断重视推理判断4Which of the following is conveyed in this article?AFacetoface service creates comfortable feelings among customers.BCompanies that promise more will naturally attract more customers.CA company should promise less but do more in a competitive market.DCustomer delight is more important for airlines than for banks.阅读写作阅读写作( (二十三二十三) ) 重视推理判断重视推理判断【点睛】 随着竞争的越来越激烈，对于消费者的争夺很多时候将会决定着一个企业的兴衰荣辱，那么如何搞好与消费者的关系呢？面对口味各异的顾客，作为企业又应该如何对待呢？文章围绕这一话题而展开。阅读写作阅读写作( (二十三二十三) ) 重视推理判断重视推理判断1C推理判断题。文章第三段提到随着人们从电话或网络中买到商品、得到服务，很多公司在信息技术和员工培训上投入大量资金，来应对消费者的投诉，由此可知，现在对商家而言如何处理消费者日益增多的投诉是非常必要和紧急的。2A推理判断题。从文章第六段This can be eased by offering an apologywith empathy (for example, “I know how you must feel”)可知。阅读写作阅读写作( (二十三二十三) ) 重视推理判断重视推理判断3B推理判断题。从文章第七段Airlines face some of the toughestwhile there is great potential for customers可知，航空业由于各种原因面临的消费者投诉更多，所以对航空业而言，让消费者满意对于本行业来说有着无可替代的重要性，由此可知选B。4C推理判断题。从文章最后一段and it would be a foolish company that used slogans such as可推断出，聪明的企业往往不会空喊口号，而是注重实际行动。阅读写作阅读写作( (二十三二十三) ) 重视推理判断重视推理判断【活学活用】2011安徽卷 (节选)George Prochnik would like the world to put a sock in it. He makes his case in a new book, Listening for Meaning in a World of Noise. Here he explains himself (using his indoor voice)：“Weve become so accustomed to noise, theres almost a deep prejudice against the idea that silence might be beneficial. If you tell someone to be quiet, you sound like an old man. But its never been more important to find continuing quiet. Silence focuses us, improves our health, and is a key to lasting peace and satisfaction.”阅读写作阅读写作( (二十三二十三) ) 重视推理判断重视推理判断“We need to excite people about the sounds you start to hear if you merely quiet things down a little. During a Japanese tea ceremony, the smallest sounds become a kind of artthe spoons making a light ringing sound on a bowl, the edges of a kimono(和服)brushing against the floor.”“Deaf people are very attentive(专注的) in almost every aspect of life. If two deaf people are walking together, using sign language, they constantly watch out for each other and protect each other by paying steady attention to the other. They are connected yet also fully aware of their surroundings. 阅读写作阅读写作( (二十三二十三) ) 重视推理判断重视推理判断Even deaf teenagers! We in the hearing world can learn from them. If we remove the powerful blasts(一阵阵)of noise, we become aware of an extraordinarily rich world around usof little soft sounds and the sound of footsteps, of bird songs and ice cracking(开裂声). Its astonishing how beautiful things sound when you can really listen.”阅读写作阅读写作( (二十三二十三) ) 重视推理判断重视推理判断1What does Prochnik say about us?AWe are used to quietness.BWe have to put up with noise.CWe do not think silence to be beneficial.DWe do not believe lasting peace to be available.阅读写作阅读写作( (二十三二十三) ) 重视推理判断重视推理判断2Which of the following is true according to Prochnik?AWe need more sounds in our lives.BThere is nothing to be learned from the deaf.CWe are not aware how rich the world around us is.DThere is too much noise at a Japanese tea ceremony.阅读写作阅读写作( (二十三二十三) ) 重视推理判断重视推理判断3It can be inferred from the text that .Awe can benefit a lot from old peopleBit is a good idea to use sign languageCthere is no escape from the world of soundDit is possible to find how beautiful things sound阅读写作阅读写作( (二十三二十三) ) 重视推理判断重视推理判断【点睛】 本文主要论述没有噪音的美好世界。George Prochnik认为，没有噪音，我们会专注生活中各种美好的声音，如鸟儿的鸣唱、脚步的声音等。并以日本茶道和聋人的交流为例进行说明。阅读写作阅读写作( (二十三二十三) ) 重视推理判断重视推理判断1C推理判断题。根据第二段的第一、二两句可知，我们对安静对我们有利这种观点持否定态度，故答案选C。2C推理判断题。根据最后一段的倒数第一、二两句可知，George Prochnik认为如果没有噪音，我们就能够意识到我们这个世界非凡、丰富的声音，言外之意现在我们并没有意识到。3D推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，我们之所以没有注意到非凡、丰富、美妙的声音，就是因为噪音的存在，那么只要我们祛除噪音，就有可能欣赏到各种美妙的声音。 阅读写作阅读写作( (二十三二十三) ) 重视推理判断重视推理判断同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全