Unit 21Human Biology人类生物学人类生物学真真题回放回放佳作展示佳作展示(2009湖南卷湖南卷)假假设你是某中学新老你是某中学新老师李李红，请给你的朋友你的朋友张华写一封信，告写一封信，告诉他你他你第一天上第一天上课的情况，主的情况，主要内容如下：要内容如下：1描述一件描述一件课堂上令堂上令你印象深刻的事情；你印象深刻的事情；2介介绍你你处理理该事的事的方式；方式；3谈谈你的感想你的感想。Dear Zhanghua，Long time no see！I miss you very much.Now I am so excited that I cant wait to share with you an unforgettable experience.I gave my first lesson today，which left me a deep impression.Seeing a young teacher enter the classroom，my students began to make more noise.I stood on the platform，feeling embarrassed and not knowing what to do.真真题回放回放佳作展示佳作展示注意：注意：1.词数不数不少于少于120个；个；2可适当可适当发挥想象，增加想象，增加细节，以使行文，以使行文连贯；3文中不得出文中不得出现与本人及学与本人及学校相关的任何校相关的任何真真实信息。信息。Then I realized something must be done.I asked the kids whether they liked English songs.After taking a deep breath，I sang a song I had practised many times.To my surprise，all the kids were concentrating on my class later on.How delighted I am now！Actually，whatever happens，we must stay calm first and then find a wise solution.Looking forward to your reply.Yours，Li Hong.重点单词聚焦1The coal mine accident left the miners families_(感到悲痛) and offered a lesson to the local government.答案：mourning2It took a long time and great efforts for the couple to build up_(无条件的) love and trust.答案：unconditional3The police are looking into the case and those c_with it are having a hard time.答案： concerned4Lately a new law has been passed to stop the police from a_their power.答案： abusing5Grandfathers eyesight is falling，but his sense of_(听力) seems to get better.答案： hearing6Many young people of the country go to big cities to s_ their fortune.答案： seek7The sports meet is held_(每年) to give students a chance to show off their sports skills.答案： annually8The actors first e_onto the stage won him a storm of applause and cheers from the aduience.答案： entry9After eating so much，we need a walk to_(消化)答案： digest10He_(滥用) his power while in office.答案： abused11They_(延迟，延缓) sending an answer to the request.答案： postponed12I cannot_(忍受) your bad manners.答案： tolerate.重点短语扫描1_徒然；白费力气2_随便地；随意地3_不管多大代价；无论如何4_立刻；马上5_彻底消灭6_终止；消灭7_无论如何；至少stop something in its tracks in vainat random at all costs straight away wipe out at any rate 8 _ 推迟9 _ 开始认真做10 _ 教育；养育；呕吐；引述11 _ 经历；通过12 _ 通过(考试等)；完成；接通13 _ 聚焦；集中；对准14_长期地；永远地15 _ 遗漏；遗忘；错过机会for good (and all) put off get down to bring.up go through get through focus on miss out .课文原句突破1许多当代的业余运动员如果参加了首届奥运会，他们会打破很多项世界纪录的。Many contemporary amateur athletes _ _world records_they_ _ _ _the first Olympic Games.答案：would have broken；if；had taken part in2弗洛伊德兰蒂斯做了几次站不住脚的辩解，责怪他因伤服用的药物，但是这些都是徒劳的。Floyd Landis made several lame excuses blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury but these were all_ _.答案：in vain3获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随意地检查。_is compulsory for winners_ _ _but other participants are only tested_ _.答案：It；to be tested；at random4人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。The Olympic spiritthe spirit of competition which emphasises taking part_ _winninghas been violated by the desire to succeed_ _ _.答案：rather than；at all costs5在西方医药学里，治疗的重点放在身体的病灶部分。In Western Medicine，treatment is_only_the part of the body that is ill.答案：focused；on6很遗憾，由于无知，成千上万的人们错过了用传统中医治疗的机会。_ _ _ _ _ _thousands of people who could have benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance.答案：It seems a real pity that7传统中医终于获得了应有的机会来帮助创造一个更加健康的世界。Traditional Chinese Medicine is finally getting the chance it_to help create a healthier world.答案：deservestolerate vt.容忍；忍受；容许回归课本P34：The sports world does not tolerate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating.由于它是影响力大的欺骗形式，体育界是不会容忍运动员服用兴奋剂的。The school cant tolerate cheating in exams.学校绝不容许考试舞弊。I wont tolerate your bad manners any longer.我再也不能忍受你那恶劣的态度了。I can put up with many things，but not with people who steal.我能容忍很多事情，但决不容忍小偷小摸的事情。I cant stand people interrupting me all the time.我不能容忍老有人打岔。1.完成句子事实上，一个人的容忍是有限度的。As a matter of fact，there is_what one person can_.答案：a limit to；tolerateseek (sought，sought) v寻找；寻求；追求；探求；探索；(正式)试图回归课本P34：Doping is not only a problem in athletics，it is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so.服用兴奋剂不仅仅是田径运动存在的问题，每个运动项目都存在这个问题，运动员为寻求取得超常体育成绩而准备欺骗。We should constantly seek advice from the masses.我们应当经常征求群众的意见。We should never seek for fame and position.我们决不应该追求名誉和地位。They are seeking to mislead us.他们竭力误导我们。2.完成句子(1)He found it worthless_(追求名声)(2)She managed to calm him down and _(向一位邻居求助)答案：(1)to seek fame(2)seek help from a neighboroppose vt.& vi.反对；反抗；对立；使相对；使面对；使对抗回归课本P34：Genetherapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it.基因治疗是很有争议的。许多人反对进一步研究。Many people opposed the idea of building a new high way because of the great cost.由于需要巨额开支，许多人反对另修一条新公路的主意。We are firmly opposed to the practice of power politics between nations.我们坚决反对国与国之间实行强权政治。The parents strongly opposed their daughter going there alone.父母极力反对女儿单独去那里。3.Father is strongly opposed_shopping on Sunday because the streets and supermarkets are full of people.Ato doBto doingCof doing Dwith doing解析：本题考查be opposed to (doing) sth.短语。be opposed to (doing) sth.意为“反对”，其中to为介词，后跟名词或动名词。答案：Bpostpone vt.推迟；延期回归课本P37：Example 1 postpone例1“阻止”The ball game was postponed because of rain.球赛因下雨延期。Well have to postpone the meeting until next week.我们将不得不把会议推迟到下周举行。They decided to postpone building the new school.他们决定延迟兴建新学校。4.完成句子延迟兴建新医院的决定是不得人心的。It was an unpopular decision to_.答案：postphone building the new hospitalprohibit vt.禁止，阻止回归课本P38：Since the SARS epidemic ended，scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks.从“非典”疫潮结束后，科学家们就在做治疗实验以防止将来的再次爆发。The high cost of the machine prohibits its widespread use.这机器价格昂贵，很难普及使用。Family finances prohibited his going to college.他的家庭经济情况不容许他上大学。Drunk drivers are prohibited from driving.醉酒司机禁止驾车。A prohibition against smoking in offices has taken effect.在办公室吸烟的禁令已生效。prohibit表示政府权威机构发布的禁令所禁止的东西，而ban除了具有上述意义之外，还具有谴责的意义。5.完成句子(1)工作时间内我们不得喝酒。We are_alcohol during working hours.(2)这东西价钱太高，我们买不起。The price_ _it.答案：(1)prohibited from drinking(2)prohibited us from buyingrob vt.使丧失；抢夺，抢劫；剥夺回归课本P40：Terri had fallen into a coma in 1990 when a heart attack robbed her brain of oxygen causing permanent harm.1990年，特里心脏病发作，大脑缺氧，造成永久性伤害，陷入昏迷状态。The tomb had been robbed of its treasures.这座坟墓里的财宝早已被盗。They robbed the Irish of their liberty.他们剥夺了爱尔兰人的自由。辨析：rob与stealrobrob sb./sp.of sth.，其，其宾语只能是遭只能是遭抢的的人或地点，不能是被人或地点，不能是被抢的的东西西stealsteal sth.from sb./sp.，其，其宾语只能是遭被只能是遭被偷的的东西，不能是遭西，不能是遭偷的人或地点的人或地点6.用rob，steal的适当形式填空：(1)Someone_a painting from the museum.(2)They_me of all my money.答案：(1)stole(2)robbeddecline v下降；婉拒；n.下降；减少回归课本P40：Even though doctors dont fully understand comas and the process of recovery，it is generally agreed that a patients chances of recovery decline the longer they stay in a coma.虽然医生们并没有完全明白昏迷及其恢复过程，但是他们普遍认为病人持续昏迷的时间越长，会降低他们恢复的可能性。(1)decline to do sth.婉拒做某事(2)fall into a decline开始衰落，衰弱下去；体力衰退(尤指因患肺病而衰弱)on the decline走下坡路，在衰退中(3)declining adj.倾斜的；衰微的；衰退的；下坡的An increase in cars has resulted in the decline of public transport.汽车的增加导致了公共交通的减少。I offered to give them a lift but they declined.我主动邀请他们搭车，但他们婉言谢绝了。He declined to discuss his plan with the newspaper men.他谢绝与新闻记者讨论他的计划。7.完成句子(1)很抱歉，明天晚上我没空，所以必须谢绝你的邀请。Im sorry，but Im not free tomorrow evening so I have to_.(2)全球经济自2008年以来一直在走下坡路。Global economy_since 2008.答案：(1)decline your invitation(2)has been in declinesubmit vt.递交；提交；顺从；屈服；认输回归课本P137：You were supposed to submit it on the 14th June.你本应该在6月14日提交它(文章)。(1)submit oneself to甘受，服从submit to服/屈从于，把提交给，向提出(2)submission n提交；投降；顺从submissive adj.服从的；屈从的；恭顺的Completed projects must be submitted by 10 March.完成的方案必须在3月10日前提交上来。He was too proud to submit to such treatment.他的自尊心太强，不甘于受那种对待。I did not submit to having my freedom limited.我不甘于我的自由受到限制。I submit to you that the accused is guilty.我向你提出那个被告是有罪的。8.We advised the hijackers (劫持者) to_themselves to the police.Asubmit BburyCtreat Dhelp解析：句意为：我们劝那些劫持者向警察投案。B项表示“专心于”；C项表示“招待”；D项表示“随便取用”。A项表示“屈服，投降”，只有A项符合句意要求。答案：Ain vain徒然，白费力气回归课本P34：Floyd Landis made several lame excuses blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury but these were all in vain.弗洛伊德兰蒂斯做了几次站不住脚的辩解，责怪他因伤服用的药物，但是这些都是徒劳的。We tried in vain to make him change his mind.我们想使他改变主意，结果是白费心机。We tried vainly to persuade her not to go.我们劝她别去，她不听。He was vain about his looks，spending hours in the gym.他对自己的外表很自负，在健身房里一呆就是几个小时。9.(2009湖北卷)His efforts to raise money for his program were_because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.Ain place Bin sightCin effect Din vain解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意为：谁也不愿意从自己的口袋里掏一分钱，看来他为他的项目筹钱的努力是白费力气。D项“徒劳的，无用的”符合句意。A项“在对的位置”；B项“被看到，在视线之内”；C项“有效，实际上”。答案：Dat random随便地，随意地回归课本P34：It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随意地检查。Fortune numbers are chosen at random on the computer.幸运号码是在电脑上随意选出来的。My phone seems to switch itself off randomly.我的手机好像随时自动关机。He was not listening and made a random answer to the teachers question.他没有在听讲，对教师的问题瞎答一通。10.完成句子He_(随意地打开一本书) and started reading.答案：opened a book randomly11It is not a good habit to state your opinion_and youd better think it over before you act.Aat all Bfull of faithCat once Dat random解析：从“youd better think it over before you act”看出要“三思而后行”。空白处应该填入at random，前半句“随便发表你的观点不是一种好习惯”，与后半句相吻合。答案：Dat all costs不管多大代价，无论如何回归课本P34：The Olympic spiritthe spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winninghas been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。We must arrive there at all costs before midnight.我们无论如何要在午夜前到达那里。The new buildings going up at a cost of $82 million.修建这座大楼要花费8,200万美元。He bought a satisfactory house at the cost of all his money.他用所有的积蓄买了一个合他心意的房子。Careless driving costs him his life.漫不经心的开车使他丧失生命。12.完成句子(1)He is determined to win_(无论如何)(2)The young policeman saved the little girl from the fire，but_(以自己的生命为代价)答案：(1)at any cost(2)at the cost of his own lifewipe out彻底毁灭，消除；擦净的内部；结束回归课本P38：Epidemics can wipe out up to half of the population in urban areas.流行病可以消灭居住在城市的多达一半的人口。The storm wiped the building out only in two hours.在两个小时之内，暴风雨把那座建筑物毁坏了。She stood up to wipe the sweat off her face.她站起来擦擦脸上的汗珠。He wiped away the grease from the windshield of the car.他擦去了汽车挡风玻璃上的油渍。13.完成句子(1)趁着还没有人滑倒，你最好把地板上的牛奶擦干净。Youd better_on the floor before someone slips in it.(2)医生们正在寻找消灭癌症的医疗方法。Doctors are searching for a cure that will_.答案：(1)wipe up the milk(2)wipe out cancerat any rate无论如何，至少回归课本P137：If trends continue the way theyre going，then in my opinion，yesin developed countries at any rate.在我看来，如果照目前的趋势发展下去，会是这样的至少在发达国家是这样。At any rate，I determined to wait for his definite reply.无论如何，我决心等他给我一个肯定的答复。Well，thats one good piece of news at any rate.不管怎么说，这是个好消息。If you go on at that rate，you will injure your health.那样下去的话，你会把身体搞垮的。The apples are sold at the rate of 10 for twenty.这些苹果以每20个10英镑的价格出售。14._，he would make special mention of it in the report，for he has given us many hints about it in advance.AAt any rate BAt any momentCAt any time DAt any price解析：句意为：无论如何，他会在报告中特别提到这件事的，因为他已经事先暗示我们多次了。和后面的信息一致，应该为“无论如何”。B项“随时”；C项“在任何时候”；D项“不惜任何代价”。答案：AMany contemporary amateur athletes would have broken world records if they had taken part in the first Olympic Games.许多当代的业余运动员如果参加了首届奥运会，他们会打破很多项世界纪录的。本句含有if引导的表示虚拟的状语从句。其具体的主句和从句的谓语动词形式如下：虚虚拟情况情况条件句条件句谓语动词主句主句谓语动词现在在动词过去式去式/werewould/should/might/could动词原形原形过去去had donewould/could/should/mighthave done将来将来should do/were to do/动词的的过去式去式would/should/might/could动词原形原形If I had followed his advice，I would have been a mistake.昨天如果我听从他的建议的话，我就不会犯错了。If I were you，I would invite him to the party.如果我是你的话，我会邀请他参加聚会。What would happen if the earth should stop turning tomorrow？万一地球明天停止运转，会出现什么情况呢？虚拟条件句和主句动作如发生的时间不一致，主句和从句的谓语要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式，这种句子叫做错综时间条件句。You wouldnt find it so hard to write the composition now if you had observed life carefully.你要是以前认真观察生活的话，你现在就不会觉得作文难写了。15.(2010北京卷)The weather has been very hot and dry.Yes.If it had rained even a drop，things would be much better now！And my vegetables_.Awouldnt die Bdidnt dieChadnt died Dwouldnt have died解析：考查虚拟语气。下句意为：如果下了一点雨的话，现在的情况会好些，并且我种的蔬菜也不会死了。表示对过去情况的假设，从句谓语动词用“had done”，主句谓语动词用“would/could/should have done”。答案：DHaving killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old，the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history.西班牙流感在18个月内使多达5千万人丧命，并且发病的倾向为：年轻力壮的而不是老年人容易发病，它被认为是历史上最严重的流行性传染病。本句中Sb./Sth.be believed to doIts believed that.意思为“被认为是”。类似的动词还有hope/report/think/announce等。但要注意：当不定式动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，不定式要用完成式；强调不定式动作正在进行时，不定式要用进行式。The book is said to have been translated into several foreign languages.It is said that the book has been translated into several foreign languages.据说这部书已被翻译成几种外文。The banks are widely believed to be planning a cut in interest rates.人们普遍认为银行正在计划降低利率。The next World Cup is reported to be held in Brazil.据报道，下届世界杯将要在巴西举行。16.Your cousin is said_a new computer programme recently，but do you know when he will finish it?Ato design Bto be designingCto have been designing Dto have designed解析：考查非谓语动词。首先判断sb.is said后面应该用不定式to do结构，同时从recently可知用完成时态，又由后半句的问话可知设计的电脑程序还没完成，综合以上三点可知用不定式的完成进行式，故选C项。答案：C.选词填空in particular；prohibit；rather than；in vain；at any rate；clear u 1The doctors did what they could to save the old man，but_.答案：in vain2What did you want?Oh，nothing_.答案：in particular3Although your brother treats you badly，_，you ought to help him.答案：at any rate4They always_their bedrooms before they go out.答案：clear up5The spirit of sports emphasizes taking part_winning.答案： rather than6After a thorough medical examination，the doctor_the patient from drinking.答案：prohibited.完成句子1如果法国队队员有更好的协作，在这样一次重要的体育赛事中他们会表现更好。If the players of the French team had had better teamwork，they_in such a major sporting event.答案：would have performed better2那些被认为是生手的人已经被证明是熟练的工人。Those_green hands have been proved skilled workers.答案：known as3如果学生在学校里被发现抽烟，就无法逃避惩罚。If a student_in the school，they cant escape punishment.答案：is caught smoking4她负责采购电视连续剧所需的道具。She was_buying the properties for the television series.答案：responsible for5这次水灾造成近百亿元的损失，使它成为历史上最大的一次水灾。The flood led to nearly 10 billion yuan worth of loss，_the worst in history.答案：making it6最近一直在下雨，我们不得不把会议推迟到下周。Recently we are having rainy days，so we have to_the meeting_next week.答案： postpone；till/to7即使你是一个优等生，向别人学习也是必要的。Even though youre a top student，its necessary_others.答案：to learn from8你本来可以通过驾照考试，但是你太粗心了。You_the driving test，but you were too careless.答案：could have passed.语法专练本单元语法条件句和混合条件句；情态动词和表达法1(2011河北衡水模拟)Did Jack take the doctors advice that he_in bed for a couple of days?If only he_.Alies；doesBlay；didClie；did Dlie；had解析：句意为：杰克是否采纳了医生的建议，在家里躺了几天？要是他真那样做就好了。第一空考查advice的同位语从句，从句中的谓语用(should)动词原形，所以选lie；第二空if only但愿，要是的话就好了，其后用虚拟语气，根据句中Did Jack.可知与过去事实相反，故选had，相当于：If only he had taken.。答案：D2Sorry for having kept you waiting.But for the traffic jam，I_20 minutes earlier.Never mind.I havent been waiting that long.Aarrived Bwould arriveCwould have arrived Dhad arrived解析：句意为：很抱歉让你久等了。若不是交通堵塞，我就提前20分钟到了。没关系，我没等那么久。but for若不是因为，如果没有。依句意可知，此句是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以主句用would have done，因此选C。答案：C3We_to the station because it was so near.But we took a taxi.Awalked Bhad walkedCcould have walked Dhad to解析：句意为：我们本来能够走着去车站了，因为非常近。但是我们坐的出租车。could have done过去本来能够做某事。答案：C4(2011杭州测试)If he_quietly as the doctor instructed，Ronald，would not suffer so much now.Alaid BlayCshould lie Dhad lain解析：考查混合条件句。根据句意可知，从句是对过去时间的虚拟，应用过去完成时，而主句是与现在事实相反，应用would动词原形。答案：D5(2011福州二模)I saw your uncle take a taxi to the airport.Why didnt you drive him there?I_.But my car_.Awould；was fixed Bwould have；was fixedCwould have；was being fixed Ddid；was being fixed解析：句意为：我看到你叔叔打的去了机场，你为什么不开车去送他呢？我本愿意去送他。但我的车当时正在修理。would表示“现在或将来愿意”，故被排除；did表示“的确做了”，不符合本句意思，也被排除；would have表示“过去本愿意”，符合要求；第二空表示“我的车当时正被修理”，需用过去进行时。答案：C6(2011滨州一模)Amazing！You_wear slippers at work!Dont you know its a fashion?Amust BshouldCcan DMay解析：句意为：真奇怪！你竟然穿着拖鞋上班。难道你不知道这是一种时尚吗？should表示“竟然”，其他选项不能表示此意。答案：B7_for the fact that she got hit by a car and broke her leg on her way to school，she might have passed the exam.AHad it not been BHadnt it beenCWas it not DWere it not解析：句意为：要不是因为在上学的路上被汽车撞了且腿部骨折，她可能就通过考试了。根据句意及主句谓语动词形式可知从句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为A。答案：A8After the bell rings，which indicates the ending of the exam，you_stay where you are until all your papers are collected.Ashall BwouldCwill Dcan解析：句意为：当标志着考试结束的铃响后，你们必须等试卷全部被收起来后。答案：A练规范、练技能、练速度练规范、练技能、练速度同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全