Unit 1Great scientistsWarming UpWhat do you know about great scientists? 1.Which scientists discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?ArchimedesWarming Up2. Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?Charles DarwinWarming Up3. Who invented the first advanced steam engine?Thomas NewcomenWarming Up4. Who discovered radium?Marie CurieWarming Up5. Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?Thomas EdisonWarming UpJohn SnowBritish ( 1813 1858) a legendary figure in the history of public health, epidemiology（流行病学）（流行病学） and anesthesiology（麻醉学）（麻醉学） Pre-readingdraw a conclusionfind a problemmake a questionthink of a methodcollect resultsanalyse the resultsfind supporting evidencePre-readingDo you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research?John Snow defeats “King cholera”Fast readingWhat is Cholera? Cholera is the illness caused by a bacterium called Vibria cholerae. It infects peoples intestines(肠肠), causing diarrhea(腹腹泻泻), vomiting and leg cramps. Fast reading make a questionPara 2 think of a methodPara 3 collect resultsPara 4 analyse the resultsPara 5 find supporting evidencePara 6 draw a conclusionPara 7Prevention of Cholera Para 1find a problemFast readingNumber these events in the time order._ John Snow began to test two theories._ An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854._ John Snow marked the deaths on a map._ He announced that the water carried the disease._ John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe._ King Cholera was defeated._ He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump._ He had the handle removed from the water pump.21345678Fast readingJohn snow was a famous _,so _ that he _ Queen Victoria as her personal_. But he thought about helping ordinary people _cholera. He wanted to face the _and _ this problem.Paragraph1:doctorexpertattendedphysicianexposed to challengesolveFind a problemCareful readingWhatre the two theories?Paragraph 2: Make a question1: Cholera multiplied in the air. 2: People absorbed this disease into their body with their meals.Careful readingParagraph 3: Think a method When another outbreak hit London in 1854,what did he do ?begin his enquiry gather informationdetermine to find out whyCareful readingParagraph 4:Collect resultsFirst he _ _ a map to find that many of the deaths were near the _ _in broad street ,but some houses had_ _. So he made further _. He _that those people had not drunk the water from the pump.It seems that the water was to _.marked onwater pump no deaths investigationsdiscoveredblameCareful readingBroad StreetMany deaths happened here.No death happened here.Public houseParagraph 5: Analyse resultsWhat did John snow do next?uLooked into the source of the water;uFound that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water.uTold to remove the handle from the pump.The disease slowed down.Careful readingParagraph 6:What extra evidence did he find?Finding supporting evidenceA woman and her daughter who moved away but drank the water also died.Careful readingParagraph 7:Draw a conclusionIt was certain that polluted water carried the virus. The source of all the water supplies should be examined.Careful readingJohn Snow was a well-known _in London in the _ century. He wanted to find the _ of cholera in order to _ it. In 1854 when a cholera _ out, he began to gather information. He _ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the _ died. So he decided that the polluted water _cholera. He suggested that the _ of all water supplies be _ .The water companies were_ not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally, “King Cholera” was_.doctor19thcausedefeatbrokemarkedpumpsourceexaminedcarried instructeddefeatedFill in the blanks:SummaryDiscussionWhat should you do if youre travelling to a country that has a cholera outbreak? Drink only water that you have boiled. Other safe drinks include tea or coffee made with boiled water, bottled beverages with no ice.Post readingEat only food thats been thoroughly cooked and is still hot, or fruit that youve peeled yourself. Avoid undercooked or raw fish and shellfish. Avoid raw salads and vegetables. Avoid food and drinks from street vendors. Post readingHomework1.Learn more about great scientists.2.Review the vocabulary.3.Read the text carefully.