必修5Module 2 A Job Worth Doing课程解读课程解读话题A Job Worth Doing(值得做的工作）功能Making deductions about the past(对过去的事情作出判断）语法Review of verb forms (2)复习动词的时态（2）Past simple(一般过去时），past perfect(过去完成时），past continuous(过去进行时）课程解读课程解读重点词汇及拓展1.offer vi.（主动）提出（愿意做某事）2.respect vt.遵守3.contract n.合同；契约4.permanent adj.长久的；永久的；永恒的5.apply vi.申请6.essential adj.必不可少的；绝对重要的7.grateful adj.感激的；感谢的8.available adj.可获得的9.demand n.要求；需要10.suffer vi.遭受（痛苦）11.direct vt.&adj.指挥，直接的director n.指挥（家）direction n.方向12.require vt.需要demand（同义词）v.需要13.traditional adj.传统的tradition n.传统14.satisfying adj.令人满意的satisfied adj.感到满意的satisfy v.使满意satisfaction n.满意15.sign vt.签字；签署signature n.签字signal n.信号课程解读课程解读重点短语1.have an effect on 对产生影响2.in particular尤其，特别3.in practice实际上；在实践中4.in response to 作为的回应5.in theory理论上；从理论上来说6.take.for granted认为理所当然7.take notice of 注意到8.take up站好位置以备重点句型1.The drop is so great that anyone inside the vehicle is lucky to survive.掉下去的后果很严重，车内的人只要能幸存就很幸运了。2.Sometimes drivers give him a tip,so that he has just enough money to live on.有时候，驾驶员们给他小费，这样他得以有仅够维持生活的钱。3.He was driving a lorry load of bananas when he came off the road at a bend and fell three hundred metres down the mountain.他正驾驶着一辆满载香蕉的卡车，突然在一个拐弯处偏离车道坠落到山下300米处。知识要点知识要点要点一要点一 单词单词1. offer vi.&vt.&n.(主动主动)提出提出(愿意做某事愿意做某事)；提议；提供；提议；提供；出价出价归纳拓展（1）offer to do sth.主动提出做某事（2）offer sb.sth.=offer sth.to sb.提供某物给某人offer sb. money for sth.出价买某物offer sb. sth. for money要价卖某物offer advice/suggestions/congratulations/the price提出劝告/建议/表示祝贺/出价（3）make /accept an offer to do /of 提出/接受做accept ones offer接受某人的建议知识要点知识要点注意：offer后可接双宾语，但一般不接动名词作宾语。例句：The teacher offered a computer to his daughter as a present for her wedding.这位老师送给他的女儿一台电脑当成结婚礼物。He offered to drive us to the station.他主动提出开车送我们去车站。We offered him ￥ 70，000 for the house.我们出价七万人民币买他的房子。They have made an offer of help.他们已经表示愿意帮忙。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】You _ only half the price，how would the seller sell the jacket to you?A.spentB.paidC.chargedD.offered【解析解析】句意为：你仅出半价，店员怎么会把这件夹克衫卖给你呢？offer “出价”，符合题意。spend 意为“花费”，需用于spendon结构；pay 付费；charge 要价，三者均不符合，故排除。【答案答案】D知识要点知识要点2. direct归纳拓展（1）vt.&vi. 指导；指挥；指向；命令;担任的导演direct sb.to dothat sb.(should) do指挥某人干direct / show sb.to sp.为指引去的路direct sth.to sb.对某人说；写给某人（2）adj.直的，不弯曲的；直接的in a direct line 成一条直线（3）adv.直接地，一直（4）irection n.方向，方位，指挥in the direction of朝方向under the direction of在指挥下director n.导演，主任directly adv.直接地，立即conj.=the moment=as soon as.知识要点知识要点例句：Can you direct me to the station?你告诉我到车站怎么走好吗？The general directed that all his men (should) attack.将军命令部队进攻。Zhang Yimou has directed many wonderful movies.张艺谋导演了很多精彩的电影。He took a direct flight from London to New York.他从伦敦直飞纽约。Tom went off in the direction of the post office.汤姆朝邮局方向去了。Ill tell him the news directly he comes back.他一回来我就告诉他这个消息。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】When the police arrived，the crowd scattered in all _.A.directionB.directionsC.wayD.side【解析解析】前面有 all 修饰，所以 direction 用复数形式。【答案答案】B知识要点知识要点3. apply vt. 利用，应用利用，应用vi. 申请，适用；专心；集中精力申请，适用；专心；集中精力归纳拓展(1)be applied to适用于；应用于；施加于；与接触apply to sb. for sth.向某人申请某物apply for申请；请求，接洽apply oneself to致力于；集中精力做某事apply sth.to把运用于apply to关系到，牵涉到；适用于；运用于；向询问；与接洽知识要点知识要点（2）applied adj.应用的，实用的application n.请求，申请，申请表，应用；应用程序，应用软件applicant n.申请人例句：The poor college students can apply to the bank for a certain amount of loan with the help of the college.贫困大学生可以在学校的帮助下向银行申请一部分贷款。The new technology has been applied to medical examination.这项新技术已被用于医学检查。He applied himself to studying English.他集中精力学习英语。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】The poor man _ the boss _ the job,but he failed.A.applied;forB.applied for;toC.applied to;forD.applied at;of【解析解析】apply to sb.for.“向某人申请得到”。句意为：那个可怜的人向那位老板申请工作却失败了。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要点4. require v. 需要；要求，规定；命令需要；要求，规定；命令归纳拓展sth./sb.require(s) （need） sth.某事/某人需要sth. require（s）want (s)need (s) doing/ to be done某事需要（主动形式表示被动意义）require sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事require sth.of sb.要求某人某事；向某人要求某物require+that从句（从句中的谓语动词应用“should+动词原形”或直接接动词原形）知识要点知识要点注意：requirement的同位语从句和表语从句中的谓语动词应用“（should）+动词原形”。require后面不能直接接动词不定式作宾语。例句：Children require a lot of attention and love.孩子们需要很多的关爱。The teacher requires his students to pay attention to their handwriting.这位老师要求自己的学生要注意书写。The floor requires washing.=The floor requires to be washed.地板需要清洗。They require that I （should） go at once.他们要求我立刻去。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】One of the requirements for a fire is that the material _ to its burning temperature.A.is heatedB.will be heatedC.be heatedD.would be heated【解析解析】考查虚拟语气。requirement的表语从句中的谓语动词应用“（should）+动词原形”。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要点It is required in some colleges that lights in students dorms _ off by 11 o clock.A.be switchedB.would switchC.should switchD.must be switched【解析解析】考查虚拟语气。在“It is vital/ necessary/ important/ strange/ unusual/ natural/ surprising/ suggested/ required/ordered+that从句”结构中，that从句中的谓语动词用（should）do的形式，而switch off与lights之间存在动宾关系，所以要用被动语态，故选A。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点5. demand v.&n. 需求；请求需求；请求归纳拓展（1）作不及物动词，意思是“询问”。（2）作及物动词demand sth.from/of sb.向某人要求某物demand to do 要求做demand that-clause （从句谓语动词用 should do 或省略 should）（3）作名词，意思是“要求，需求”。in demand=in need 需求satisfy/meet ones demands满足需求on demand一经要求知识要点知识要点例句：They demanded that the company should improve their living conditions.他们认为，公司应该改善他们的生活条件。I demand an apology of/ from you.我要求你道歉。Some citizens demand to have a talk with the mayor.一些市民要求与市长谈一谈。It is impossible to satisfy all demands.有求必应是不可能的。知识要点知识要点同类辨析demand，request，require 与 ask这四个动词均有“要求，请求”之意。（1）demand 一般指理直气壮地提出强烈要求或坚持不让对方拒绝的要求。（2）request 是正式用词，指非常正式、有礼貌的请求或恳求，多含担心因种种原因对方不能答应的意味。（3）require 强调根据事业、需要或纪律、法律等而提出的要求。（4）ask是最普通用词，指向对方提出要求或请求，长晚辈、上下级之间都可以使用。知识要点知识要点例句：They made a request for further aid.他们要求再给一些帮助。The wearing of seat belts is required by law.法律规定必须系安全带。She asked that she should be kept informed.她要求继续向她汇报有关情况。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】President Hu Jintao demanded every effort _ to rescue and treat the injured when the earthquake happened in YushuA.is madeB.must be madeC.be madeD.should make【解析解析】demand后引导的从句谓语动词用虚拟语气形式，即“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。又因effort与make之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态。答案为C项。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要点6. suffer归纳拓展(1)vi.suffer from“受折磨；遭受之苦；患疾病”，其后常接pain,sadness,a lack of sth.,a disease等词或疾病名。(2)vt.suffer sth.“遭受，蒙受”，宾语常为 punishment，insult，loss，defeat,injury等。(3)suffering n.U痛苦，苦恼；C劳苦，困难例句：He suffered terribly all through his illness.他生病期间受了很大的苦。They suffered from all kinds of diseases in those years.那些年他们忍受着各种各样疾病带来的痛苦。He experienced all the sufferings during the Civil War.内战期间他经历了所有的苦难。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】It is to be _ that your health is _ since youve been working such long hours.A.expecting;sufferingB.expecting;sufferedC.expected;sufferingD.expected;suffered【解析解析】句意为：这样长时间地工作，你当然会感到身体不舒服。to be expected 意为“可能发生，相当正常”。suffer在此意为“变差，变糟”，为不及物动词。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要点With the rapid development of economy, most of the important cities of the world _ traffic jam.A.take placeB.bring inC.lead toD.suffer from 【解析解析】考查动词短语辨析。take place“发生；举行”；bring in“赚钱，获利”；lead to“导致，通向，通往”；suffer from“承受；蒙受”。句意为：随着经济的快速发展，世界上大多数的国家都承受着交通阻塞。根据题意，可知答案为D。【答案答案】D知识要点知识要点7. available adj. 可用的，有效的；可获得的；（人）能可用的，有效的；可获得的；（人）能出席的出席的归纳拓展（sth.）be available for （某物）有效期(sb.) be available for (某人)能出席available fertilizer有效肥料例句：This kind of bread is available for seven days.这种面包保质期7天。Are you available for the meeting tomorrow?明天你能出席这个会议吗？知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】These tickets are _ for one month only.A.averageB.favouriteC.availableD.convenient【解析解析】句意为：这些票的有效期仅为一个月。available （adj.）“有效的”，符合题意。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要点Will you be _ this afternoon,Samuel?It depends.Im afraid Ill watch NBA.A.suitableB.convenientC.accurateD.available【解析解析】考查形容词辨析。available此处意为“（人）有空的”。suitable“适合的”；convenient“方便的”，但主语不能是人；accurate“准确的”，均不符合题意。【答案答案】D知识要点知识要点要点二要点二 短语短语1. have an effect on对对产生影响产生影响归纳拓展have no/ little/ much/ a great effect on/ upon对没有/几乎没有/有很大/有重大影响have the effect of 产生的结果/作用bring/ put sth. into effect 使生效，实行，实施come into effect生效，开始实施take effect 开始起作用，见效in effect 事实上，实际上知识要点知识要点例句：Holding the Olympic Games has a good effect on the development of China.举办奥运会对中国的发展有很好的影响。The new tax law will come into effect from next month.新的税法将从下个月生效。The medicine has little effect on his illness.这种药对他的病效果不大。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】Recently tourism has a great _ on the wildlife in my hometown, which causes complaints.A.effortB.effectC.affectD.reflect【解析解析】考查固定短语have a（n）. effect on“对产生影响”的用法。句意为：最近，旅游业对我们家乡的野生动植物产生了巨大的影响，这导致了许多抱怨。【答案答案】B知识要点知识要点2. in response to 作为作为的回应；回答的回应；回答归纳拓展（1）give/ make no response to 对不予回答have no response in sb.s heart 对某人不起作用as a response to=in response to作为的反应（2）respond to 对回答；对有反应；对起作用respond+that-clause 回答知识要点知识要点例句：In response to your inquiries,we regret to inform you that we cant offer help.关于你的询问，我们很遗憾地告诉你我们帮不了你。He hugged her,but she made no response.他拥抱了她，但她没有反应。She responded quickly to the medicine and was well in a few days.药物很快就见效，几天后她痊愈了。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】You may get little _ to your greetings if your nickname is not attractive enough in the chat room.A.reviewB.answerC.responseD.respond【解析解析】句意为：如果你在聊天室里的昵称不够有吸引力，你打多少次招呼，也很少有回应的。response“回应，反应”，符合题意。【答案答案】C知识要点知识要点Eventually the government rebuilt the bridge _ the appeal and even pressure of the public.A.in response toB.in favor ofC.in place ofD.in memory of【解析解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意为：作为公众要求甚至是压力的回应，政府最终重建了这座桥。in response to相当于as a response to，意思是“作为的回应”。理解语境和准确把握短语的意思是解决此题的关键。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点要点三要点三 句型句型1.He was driving a lorry load of bananas when he came off the road at a bend and fell three hundred metres down the mountain.他正驾驶着一辆满载香蕉的卡车，突然在一个拐弯处偏他正驾驶着一辆满载香蕉的卡车，突然在一个拐弯处偏离车道坠落到山下离车道坠落到山下300米处。米处。归纳拓展when为并列连词，意为：就在那时，相当于and at that time。.be doing.when.正在做这时.be about to do.when.正打算做这时be just going to do.when.正要这时had just done.when.刚做了这时be on the point of doing.when.正要这时知识要点知识要点例句：We were discussing the problem when there was a power failure.我们正在讨论那个问题，这时停电了。We had just finished the operation when the machine had a breakdown.我们刚完成那个手术机器就坏了。The thief was on the point of putting his hand into the ladys handbag when the bus suddenly stopped.小偷正要把手伸进那位女士的手提袋中，这时公共汽车突然停了。He was just about to say something when Helen turned around.他正想要说些什么，海伦突然转过身。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】I had been working a couple of months _ I had a letter from Ceiwen.A.whenB.asC.whileD.after【解析解析】句意为：我刚工作了几个月，这时突然收到凯文的来信。只有连词 when 符合题意，构成be doing.when句式，意为“正在做这时”。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点I was halfway back to the hospital where the doctor was working _ Susan caught up with me.A.whenB.sinceC.untilD.though【解析解析】考查连词辨析。when此处为并列连词，意为“就在这（那）时，句意为：我正在回那个医生工作的医院的半路上，这时苏珊追上了我。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点2. but for 引起的含蓄条件句引起的含蓄条件句含蓄条件句：不是用条件句而是由介词或介词短语 without（没有），but for（要不是），连词 but，副词 otherwise 等或上下文来表示某种假设的情况。例句：But for their help,we wouldnt have succeeded.要不是他们帮忙，我们不会成功的。We would have invited them to the dance,but they were too busy.要不是他们太忙，我们会邀请他们来参加舞会的。This change could not have taken place without a solid industrial foundation.如果没有坚实的工业基础，发生这样的变化是不可能的。I was so busy then,otherwise,I would have told him the answer.我那时特忙，要不然，我就告诉他答案了。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】 _ the aid from the government, the flood-stricken area _ greater loss.A.Apart from;should have sufferedB.But for;would have sufferedC.Without;could sufferD.Except for;would have suffered【解析解析】考查but for引导的介词短语表示虚拟条件，相当于一个if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。【答案答案】B知识要点知识要点要点四要点四 语法语法1.一般过去时一般过去时(1)主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。该时态常与一个表示过去时间的状语连用，如yesterday,the night before,once,the other day,just now等。例句：My father was at work yesterday.昨天我爸爸上班。(2)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与 often，always 等表示频度的时间状语连用。例句：He used to visit his mother once a week.他以前总是每周看望他的母亲一次。知识要点知识要点(3)和 when 等连词引导的状语从句连用。例句：When she reached home，she had a short rest.回家后她休息了一会儿。(4)在以下句型中，必须用一般过去时表示将来发生的动作（虚拟语气）。例句：It is（high/about）time（that）you went to bed.到你该睡觉的时间了。I would rather they came tomorrow.我宁愿他们明天来。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】You should have finished it sooner.I know.But I _ enough time.A.didnt haveB.dont haveC.wont haveD.hadnt have【解析解析】此句要用一般过去时表示过去的一种客观事实，即：没有足够的时间。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点Harvard University, which _ in 1936,is one of the oldest university in the United States.A.foundB.foundedC.was foundD.was founded【解析解析】根据时间状语in 1936可判断出要用一般过去时，Harvard University与found之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以要用被动语态。was found表示“被找到”；was founded表示“被建立”。【答案答案】D知识要点知识要点Has your father returned from Africa yet?Yes,but he _ here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia.A.wasB.has beenC.will beD.would be【解析解析】根据所提供的时间状语“before his company sent him to Australia”可判断出要用一般过去时，表示“之前他在这儿只待了三天”，故选A项。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点2. 过去完成时过去完成时(1)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，动作发生的时间为“过去的过去”，表示过去某一时间可用by，before 等构成的短语，也可用 when，before 等引导的从句或通过上下文表示。知识要点知识要点例句：By the end of last term，we had learned a thousand English words.到上学期末，我们已经学了1 000个英语单词。(2)表示过去某个时间之前发生的动作或状态一直延续到这一过去时刻或还将继续下去。例句：When I got to know him，he had worked there for twenty years.我认识他时，他已经在那里工作了20年了。知识要点知识要点(3)一般过去时和过去完成时的用法比较一般过去时表示过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态；而过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或状态，即“过去的过去”，当强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时，常用此时态。试比较：The class had already begun when I came to school.我到校时已经上课了。（说明上课发生在到校之前）The class began at 8 oclock this morning.今天早上8点上课。（说明某一过去的事实）知识要点知识要点在after或before引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，由于从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，所以可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。例句：Just before I left the classroom I closed all the windows.我离开教室时关上了所有窗户。对于一连串的过去动作，其发生的先后顺序有时可以由动词的词汇意义来表示，无需再用过去完成时。例句：He came into the classroom,sat down and began to do exercises.他进了教室，坐下开始做习题。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】I met Tom last month.Really?Yes.We _ each other since we graduated from college.A.havent metB.hadnt metC.wouldnt metD.didnt meet【解析解析】此处的时间是指从毕业到他们见面的时候为止，所以要用过去完成时，表示“过去的过去”，故选B。【答案答案】B知识要点知识要点They became friends again that day.Until then,they _ to each other for nearly two years.A.didnt speakB.hadnt spokenC.havent spokenD.havent been speaking【解析解析】过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即“过去的过去”。根据所提供的情景They became friends again that day.可判断出“他们有将近两年不说话”发生在“又成为朋友”之前，所以用过去完成时。【答案答案】B知识要点知识要点Hardly _ on the bus _ the bus drove off.A.did he get;thanB.had he got;whenC.did he get;whenD.had he got;than【解析解析】句意为：他刚上车汽车就开了。hardly位于句首，句子用部分倒装结构；hardly.when.意为“一就”；又结合句意，本句应使用过去完成时态，故选B。【答案答案】B知识要点知识要点3. 过去进行时过去进行时过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个过去特定的时刻正在发生的事情；过去某个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。例句：My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我弟弟骑车时摔了下来并摔伤了自己。注意：（1）描述过去多次重复或习惯性的动作不用过去进行时，而用一般过去时。例句：I was ringing the bell six times.(错误) I rang the bell six times.(正确)我按了六次门铃。知识要点知识要点（2）while 引导的从句常用过去进行时。例句：I arrived while he was watching TV.=When I arrived，he was watching TV.我到达时他正在看电视。（3）表示委婉的请求或建议时可用过去进行时。例句：I was hoping that youd like to lend me your car.希望你能把你的车借给我。知识要点知识要点【链接训练链接训练】John，why did you make no reply to me when I called your name in the street just now?Sorry，Jim.I _ to my wife on the phone.A.was talkingB.talkedC.am talkingD.had talked【解析解析】此处的时间背景是当吉姆与约翰打招呼时，约翰正同他妻子通电话，所以要用过去进行时。【答案答案】A知识要点知识要点I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.Impossible.She _ TV with me in my home then.A.watchedB.had watchedC.would watchD.was watching【解析解析】过去进行时常表示过去某一时刻或过去某一阶段内正在进行的动作。根据第一句中的时间状语at eight yesterday evening可知，“昨天晚上8点简正在我家和我一起看电视”，所以要用过去进行时。【答案答案】DThank you !同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全