1.Technological developments in the last few decadeshavebeenbreathtaking.breathtaking adj. 惊险的惊险的,令人惊叹的令人惊叹的惊险的汽车比赛惊险的汽车比赛abreathtakingcarrace热带雨林令人惊叹的自然美景热带雨林令人惊叹的自然美景thebreathtakingnaturalbeauty/sceneryoftherainforests (1) in black and white 白纸黑字（即把白纸黑字（即把 某事写下来或印出来某事写下来或印出来);黑白黑白(影片影片)的的/地地 in color 彩色的彩色的/地地e.g. Nowadays, almost all TV programmes are broadcast in color while in the past most broadcasts were in black and white.2. Early TV was in black and white and had fuzzy pictures.(P1)fuzzy adj. 模糊的模糊的;长绒毛发的长绒毛发的模糊控制模糊控制fuzzycontrolthefuzzypeach 对祖父母的一些模糊的记忆对祖父母的一些模糊的记忆afewfuzzymemoriesofhisgrandparentsafuzzyvideotapeofthebankrobberye.g. Put down what he had said in black and white in case he breaks his promise.3.Howhavedifferentelectronic deviceschangedover time.electronic电子的电子的 electricityn.electric用用(带带)电的，产生电的电的，产生电的electrical和电有关的，电的和电有关的，电的 +more general nounselectronicdictionaries/music/banking/mailanelectriccable/blanket/fan/cookerelectricalequipment/devices/appliancesanelectricalfault/engineeranelectric(al)company/current/shock3.Howhavedifferentelectronic deviceschangedover time.overprep. 在在.时期内时期内workovernightTheyhadapleasantchatoveracoffee.Theyspentanhouroverlunch.=Theirmeallastedanhour.Overatwo-yearperiod(aperiodoftwoyears),Nancybecameaddictedtopainkillers.通宵工作通宵工作在两年的时期内，她对止痛药上了瘾。在两年的时期内，她对止痛药上了瘾。4.TVandaudiodevices:a reviewn. / v. 回顾；评论（文章，杂志）回顾；评论（文章，杂志） Perhapswecouldhaveaquickreviewoftheprogressmadesofar.概括地谈谈概括地谈谈 giveageneralreviewoffilmreviews/areviewofonesbookreviewtheeventsofthepastsixmonthsreviewlessonsforfinalexamsreviewanewnovel也许我们可以对目前所取得的进步也许我们可以对目前所取得的进步作一个快速的回顾。作一个快速的回顾。影评影评/书评书评复习功课准备期末考试复习功课准备期末考试5.Regularpublicbroadcastingfollowedshortly after,firstbeginning.(L4)soon/notlong/shortlyafter(.)Notlong/Soon/Shortlyafterthewedding,hiswifebecameill.ThefamilymovedtoNewYorkinJune1983,andSarahsfirstchildwasbornsoon/notlong/shortlyafter.婚后不久，他的妻子就病了。婚后不久，他的妻子就病了。 之后不久之后不久Sarah的第一个孩子就的第一个孩子就出生了出生了6. Many different people contributed to the development of TV. (L6) 很多背景不同的人对手机的发展作出了贡献。很多背景不同的人对手机的发展作出了贡献。contribute: v. 1) 捐助，贡献捐助，贡献 2) 投稿投稿contribute to sth. 有助于有助于,成为成为的原因的原因 Smoking certainly contributed to his early death.contributefoodandclothingtotherefugeescontributeanarticletothemagazineAlcoholcontributesto100,000deathsayearintheUS.Wehopeeveryonewillcontributetothediscussion.toprep.lookforwardto/referto/get(be)usedto/leadto/devoteto/payattentionto/getdownto/beaddictedto/thekeyto.向难民捐赠食物和衣服向难民捐赠食物和衣服酒精促成了美国每年十万人的死亡。酒精促成了美国每年十万人的死亡。7.Becauseofthis,itisstilluncertain whoinventedTV.beuncertainabout/of+sth.Iwasuncertainaboutwhattodonext.Imstilluncertainofmysuccess.beuncertain+whether/how/whatetc.Hewasuncertainhowmuchfartherhecouldwalk.Itisuncertain+whether/how/whatetc.ItwasveryuncertainwhetherHenrywouldcontributetothediscussion.uncertainplans未决定的计划未决定的计划uncertainweather/temper变化无常，难以捉摸变化无常，难以捉摸我确定不了接下来做什么。我确定不了接下来做什么。我仍然对成功没有把握我仍然对成功没有把握。他不确定还能走多远他不确定还能走多远。Henry是否会在讨论中发言还很不确定是否会在讨论中发言还很不确定。8.Altogether,threemenwouldberesponsible.altogetheradj./adv. 完全地完全地,总共总共,总而言总而言之之Therareanimalsmaysoondisappearaltogether.(=disappearcompletely)Eventuallytheychoseanaltogetherdifferentdesign.HowmuchdoIoweyoualtogether?(=inall/intotal)Altogether,Imsorryithappened.(=allinall)最后他们选择了一种完全不同的设计。最后他们选择了一种完全不同的设计。总之，我对所发生的事表示抱歉。总之，我对所发生的事表示抱歉。我总共欠你多少钱？我总共欠你多少钱？beresponsibleforsb./sth./doing sth.对对应付责任应付责任Paul is directly responsible for the efficient running of the office.beresponsibletosb./sth.In Australia, the Prime Minister and the Cabinet of Ministers are responsible to the House of Representatives.haveresponsibility(for)1.Who has responsibility here?2.Jenny, you have responsibility for clearing up the room after the class.responsibilityn.责任责任9.It tookmorethantwodecades,though,until1951,for . tobegin.IttakessometimetodosthIttakessometimefor.todosthIttookafewminutesforhiseyestoadjusttothedark.thoughadv. despite this然而然而(although)HowiseverythinggoingonwithyouinEurope?Quitewell.NotsosmoothlyasIhoped,though. conj. (although)Though/Althoughsmall,thekitcheniswelldesigned.过了好几分钟他的眼睛才适应了黑暗。过了好几分钟他的眼睛才适应了黑暗。厨房虽小，但设计很好。厨房虽小，但设计很好。很不错，然而没有我希望的那么顺利。很不错，然而没有我希望的那么顺利。10.butittook50yearsbefore66percentofAmericanhouseholdshadit.天黑了天黑了之后之后，我们，我们才才到达那个小镇。到达那个小镇。Itwaseveningbeforewereachedthelittletown.没过多久没过多久，他，他就就说出了真相。说出了真相。Itwasnotlongbeforehetoldthetruth.还还没等没等讲座开始，我讲座开始，我就就悄悄溜出去了。悄悄溜出去了。Islippedoutbeforethelecturebegan.Itwillbe.beforeIttook/was.before11.SomeconsiderdigitalTVtobe superior tosatelliteTV.consider(doing)sth.consider+wh-clause考虑考虑considersb./sth.tobe/as.considersbtodo/bedoing/havedoneconsider+(that).认为认为Who do you consider to be the most important person in history.They are considering moving to another city since they get a new job there.Thismachineissuperiortothatoneinmanyaspects.Heisalwayssuperiortohardships. 不屈服于不屈服于艰难困苦艰难困苦asuperiorofficer/court上司上司/上级法院上级法院Healwaysfeelssuperior/inferior(toothers).Theirperformancewasinferiortothatofotherteams.superiorn. 长者长者, 上级上级immediatesuperiors顶头上司顶头上司 这台机器在很多方面比那台好。这台机器在很多方面比那台好。他总是感觉高人一等他总是感觉高人一等/低人一等。低人一等。他们的表现不如其他队好。他们的表现不如其他队好。besuperiorto比比优越、优越、超过超过;不屈服于不屈服于、不为、不为所动所动superior n. “上级上级”, “长者长者”,“高高手手”我们需要一我们需要一 封你们领导写的推荐信封你们领导写的推荐信. We will need a letter of recommendation from one of your superiors. beinferiorto比比差的差的,劣的；地位低的劣的；地位低的Acaptainisinferiortoamajor.上尉的级别低于少校。上尉的级别低于少校。12. consumers in the USA had access to 200 channel.(line 22)access n. 接近、进入、通路；接近接近、进入、通路；接近 （或进入）的方法（或权力、机会等）（或进入）的方法（或权力、机会等） have (no) access to （没有机会或不）可以使用（没有机会或不）可以使用 get access to 可以接近、进入可以接近、进入e.g. Before liberation, the labouring people had no access to education.e.g. You cant easily get access to him on weekdays.(4)combine with 使使 同同 结合；将结合；将 同同 练习起来练习起来e.g. A good way of educating children is to combine teaching with pleasure.13.acompletely newconceptwasintroducedwhenthefirstWebTVset-topboxescame onto the market. - become available for people to buy 这种新产品一上市，很快就脱销了。这种新产品一上市，很快就脱销了。Whenthenewproductcameontothemarket,itwassoonoutofstock.ThemanufacturerssaythedevicewillbeonthemarketbyMay. 在出售，可买到在出售，可买到14.therecordplayerhadtobewound upbyhandandonlyplayedarecordfortwominutes. wind-wound-wound缠绕缠绕,卷起卷起;上上发发条条;蜿蜒蜿蜒Windthebandage(绷带绷带)_yourfinger.Hewoundthewool_aball.Ihatewatchesthatyouhavetowind.windup/downthewindowariverwinding(itsway)throughavalley/alongthecoast. 在山谷中在山谷中/沿海岸线蜿蜒的河流沿海岸线蜿蜒的河流awindingpath蜿蜒的小路蜿蜒的小路aroundinto我讨厌上发条的手表。我讨厌上发条的手表。15.Theyboughtthepatentandapplied thetechnologytocreatethetransistorradio. vt. 应应用用apply.to(prep.)(prep.).Scientificdiscoveriesareoftenappliedtoindustrialprocesses. vi. 申请申请 apply(tosb.)for.Fletcherapplied_thecompany_thepostofPeterssecretary.applicant申请者申请者application申请申请, 应用应用theapplicationofthistheorytoactualeconomicpracticeto科学上的发明通常都应用于工业生产过程。科学上的发明通常都应用于工业生产过程。for这个理论在实际经济实践中的应用这个理论在实际经济实践中的应用16.forthefirsttimeever,peopleweredemandingMoreCDsthanLPs. v. to ask for something very firmlydemandsthdemandtodosthdemandthatsb(should)dosthThestafflastnightdemandedanimmediateexplanationfromtheboss.TheguardsdemandedtoseeherI.D.cardbeforeallowingherintothebuilding.Theydemandedthatthemilitarygovernment(should)freeallpoliticalprisoners.昨晚员工们要求经理马上作出解释。昨晚员工们要求经理马上作出解释。他们要求军政府释放所有政治犯。他们要求军政府释放所有政治犯。门卫要求看过她的身份证门卫要求看过她的身份证后后，才才允许允许她进大楼。她进大楼。16.forthefirsttimeever,peopleweredemandingMoreCDsthanLPs. n. the need or desire / a very firm request for.demandfor.in(great)demandthegrowingdemand_pastaintheUKtheirdemand_highersalariesAlltheseskillsaremuch_demandinsociety.有需要，吃香有需要，吃香supplyanddemanddemandingadj.ademandingjobademandingboss费力的工作费力的工作 苛求的苛求的, 要求高的老板要求高的老板forforin17.thepopularity.hasincreasedtosucha degreethatmajorcorporationsaretaking overthe.marketwith. n. 程度；学位；度数程度；学位；度数toa/some/acertaindegree Towhatdegreecantheybetrusted?ApplicantsmusthaveadegreeinEngineering.ThetemperaturedroppedtofivedegreesCentigrade.对他们能信任到什么对他们能信任到什么程度程度?温度下降到温度下降到5。申请者必须有工程系的申请者必须有工程系的学位学位。17.thepopularity.hasincreasedtosucha degreethatmajorcorporationsaretaking overthe.marketwith.takeoverhandoverMariasbeenmypartnersinceI_thebusinessoverfrommyfather.Peoplearewonderingwhosgoingto_overwhentheolddictator(独裁者独裁者)dies.Onhisretirement,he_thebusinessovertohisson.tooktakehandedtakeovertakeintakeuptakeontakedowntakebacktakeofftakeaway1.Couldyouhelpmeto_thecurtain_?Couldyouhelpmeto_thecurtain_?2.Twohamburgersandchips_,please!Twohamburgersandchips_,please!3.Theplane_at14:30everyday.Theplane_at14:30everyday.4.Hereyes_ahurtexpressionaftermywords.Hereyes_ahurtexpressionaftermywords.5.Hastheparty_byextremists?Hastheparty_byextremists?6.Thechest_muchroominmybedroom.Thechest_muchroominmybedroom.7.Weonly_goods_ifcustomersWeonly_goods_ifcustomersfindqualityproblemswithinaweek.findqualityproblemswithinaweek.8.Dont_byhischarmingmanner,Dont_byhischarmingmanner,hescompletelyrude.hescompletelyrude.taketakedowndowntototaketakeawayawaytakestakesoffofftooktookononbeenbeentakentakenoverovertakesuptakesuptaketakebackbackbebetakentakeninin18.musicwebsiteshavesprung upallovertheInternetspringsprang/sprung-sprungspringup-to suddenly appear or start to existDozensofwebsiteshavesprunguptoprovideinformationfortravelers.Abreezesprangup.突然吹起一阵微风。突然吹起一阵微风。springoutofbedspringtoonesfeet(=standupsuddenly)springn. 春天；弹簧春天；弹簧, 发条；泉发条；泉几十家给旅行者提供信息的网站几十家给旅行者提供信息的网站涌现涌现出来。出来。19.Personally,Ithinkpeoplemight have founditquitea delightwhencolorTVwasfirstbroadcastin1929.Personally,Idontthinkmuchoftheidea.Allimportantworkispersonallyapprovedbyhim.personpersonalpersonallypersonalitypersonalizepeoplewithstrongpersonalities个性坚强的人个性坚强的人apersonalizedsignature 个性化的签名个性化的签名就我个人而言，我认为这个主意不怎么样。就我个人而言，我认为这个主意不怎么样。inperson亲自亲自19.Personally,Ithinkpeoplemight have founditquitea delightwhencolorTVwasfirstbroadcastin1929.delightn. 高兴，巨大的喜悦；乐事高兴，巨大的喜悦；乐事Itisadelighttodosth.laughwithdelighttoonesdelight/tothedelightofsb.takedelightin(doing)sth.喜爱喜爱, 以以.为乐为乐Christakesgreatdelightinteasinghissister.Itwasadelighttoseehimsofitandhealthy.Chris以戏弄妹妹为乐。以戏弄妹妹为乐。19.Personally,Ithinkpeoplemight have founditquitea delightwhencolorTVwasfirstbroadcastin1929.delightv. delightsb.withsth.Hedelightshisaudienceswithhiswitandhumor.delighteddelightfuladj.haveadelightfultimeIwasdelightedtohearthenewsofyoursuccess.bedelightedwith/at/by.他以机智和幽默来愉悦观众。他以机智和幽默来愉悦观众。20.GermanywasthebirthplaceofMP3,notJapanortheUSAasIhadassumedtheywouldbe.vt. to think that sth. is true, although you do not have definite proof=presumeIdidntseeyourcar,soIassumedyoudgoneout.Itisassumedthattheywilleventuallyjointheparty.assumethistobetrue假定这是真的假定这是真的AssumingthatthispaintingisreallyaVanGogh,howmuchdoyouthinkitsworth?我没有看见你的汽车，所以以为你已经我没有看见你的汽车，所以以为你已经出去了。出去了。21.Thesethingswillbringgreatconvenience anddelighttopeopleslives.Foryourconvenience,thebankisopenuntil7p.m.为了方便起见为了方便起见Pleasecomeatyourconvenience. 在你方便的时候在你方便的时候householdconveniences家庭便利用具家庭便利用具conveniencefood(s)/storeWouldthiseveningbeconvenientfor/toyou?Itisconvenientforsb.todosth.今晚你方便吗？今晚你方便吗？