由动词加由动词加ing词尾词尾构成，构成，否定结构否定结构:把把not放在放在doing前面。即前面。即notdoingsth.nothavingdonesth.1、V-ing可具有时态意义可具有时态意义有一般式（有一般式（doing）和完成式和完成式（havingdone）之分。之分。Sheisproudofbeingbeautiful她为她为自己的美丽而骄傲。（同时）自己的美丽而骄傲。（同时）IamthinkingofgoingtotheIndustrialExhibitionthisafternoon我想下午去看工业展览。（在其后）我想下午去看工业展览。（在其后）我为没能遵守诺言表示歉意。我为没能遵守诺言表示歉意。Iapologizefornothavingkeptmypromise（之前发生）（之前发生）他因对国家做了这样大的贡献而受到表他因对国家做了这样大的贡献而受到表扬。扬。Hewaspraisedforhavingmadesuchacontributiontothecountry（之前（之前发生）发生）2、V-ing可具有语态意义可具有语态意义如果如果-ing与句中的逻辑主语构成被动关系，需用其与句中的逻辑主语构成被动关系，需用其被动形式被动形式（beingdone，havingbeendone）。其否定形式是：其否定形式是：notbeingdone,nothavingbeendone例如：例如：他们无法忍受这样的待遇。他们无法忍受这样的待遇。Theycouldntstandbeingtreatedlikethat（与其逻辑主语（与其逻辑主语They构成被动关系构成被动关系)我听说他被选为那个队的教练。我听说他被选为那个队的教练。Iheardofhishavingbeenchosentobethecoachoftheteam（与其逻辑主语（与其逻辑主语his构成被动关系构成被动关系)语态语态时态时态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式完成式完成式(not) doing(not) being done(not)having done(not)having been done但是1)在want，need，require，deserve等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义，但如果用不定式则用被动式。例如：Theflowersinthegardenwantwatering花园里的花需要浇水了。（比较：Theflowersinthegardenwanttobewatered）Thatsoneofthosequestionsthatreallydontneedanswering那是一个那种真的不需回答的问题。（比较：Thequestionsdontneedtobeanswered）2）在（在（be）worth后面只能用动名词的主动态后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。来表示被动意义。例如：例如：他的提议值得考虑他的提议值得考虑Hissuggestionisworthconsidering.此句可转换成：此句可转换成：Hissuggestionisworthytobeconsidered. 3） allow, advise, forbid, permit等动词后等动词后直接跟所有格及动词作宾语时，要用直接跟所有格及动词作宾语时，要用V-ing形式；如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后形式；如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后再跟宾语补足语（即构成复合宾语），其宾再跟宾语补足语（即构成复合宾语），其宾语补足语用带语补足语用带to的不定式。的不定式。 我不允许他在此地游泳。我不允许他在此地游泳。 I dont allow him to swim here.Some foods are eaten without _. A. well absorbing B. being well absorbed C. absorbing D .well absorbed .Articles(物品物品) used by patients must be disinfected(消毒消毒) before _ others. A. using B. being used by C. used by D. being using.He attended the party without _. A. invited B. inviting C. having invited D. being invited Rebecca was unhappy for _ the first chance to go abroad. A. not having been given B. not having given C. not giving D. having not been given5.By_,watercanbechangedintogas.A.heatingB.beingheatedC.havingheatedD.heated6.Theclassroomwants_.A.cleanB.cleanedC.tocleanD.cleaning7.Thoughitsoundsabittoodear,itisworth_.A.beingboughtB.buyingC.tobuyD.buyingit8.ThisX-raymachineneeds_.A.repairingB.torepairC.repairedD.beingrepaired9.Theofficersnarrowlyescaped_inthehotbattle.A.havekilledB.tokillC.tobekilledD.beingkilled10.Didyouenjoyyourselflastnight?Itsveryniceofyou.Iappreciated_totheparty.A.tobeinvitedB.tohaveinvitedC.beinginvitedD.havingbeeninvited11.Whileweredevelopingagricultureandindustry,wemustpreventtheearth_.A.frompollutingB.pollutedC.pollutingD.beingpolluted12.Do you mind _ alone at home? A. Jane leaving B. Jane having left C. Janes being left D. Jane to be left13.How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? A. To take B. take C. taking D. to be taking 14. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercises. A. Having taught B. Having been taught C. Taught D. Teaching 3、V-ing可带有自己的逻辑主语可带有自己的逻辑主语一般情况下，动名词的逻辑主语可泛指任何一般情况下，动名词的逻辑主语可泛指任何人或与句中主语一致。例如：人或与句中主语一致。例如：但出于句意表达的需要，但出于句意表达的需要，V-ing常常带有自己常常带有自己的逻辑主语。的逻辑主语。V-ing自己带的逻辑主语有两自己带的逻辑主语有两种形式：种形式：a）在）在V-ing前加前加“物主代词或名词物主代词或名词的所有格的所有格”；b）在）在V-ing前加前加“名词的普通名词的普通格或人称代词的宾格格或人称代词的宾格”。两者的区别是：前两者的区别是：前者为正式语体，后者多用于非正式语体，多者为正式语体，后者多用于非正式语体，多见于口语和动名词位于句中时。因此，在书见于口语和动名词位于句中时。因此，在书面文体中，尽量用前者，不用后者；但在口面文体中，尽量用前者，不用后者；但在口语中使用后者更为自然。语中使用后者更为自然。Doyoumindmysmokingintheroom？你介意我在室内吸烟吗？你介意我在室内吸烟吗？Idontremembermymothercomplaining我不记得我母亲抱怨过。我不记得我母亲抱怨过。Iobjecttohimmakingprivatecallsontheofficephone我反对他为私事我反对他为私事使用办公室电话。使用办公室电话。1._ ill worried my parents greatly.A. I fell B. Me falling C. My falling D. I falling2. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon. （NET 1992） Ayou to call Byou call Cyou calling Dyoure calling其他情况1.gowithoutsaying表示不用说、毫无疑义或不成问题。Itgoeswithoutsayingthatyourewelcometovisitmeatanytime.还用得着说,你什么时候来看我都欢迎。2).No+动名词动名词用于表示禁止或不准的简短命令或法规,其后不可接受词。Noparking!Nosmoking!禁止吸烟!禁止泊车!Ex.21.hadbeencancelled2.couldhavebeenmadebyBen3.weretakentothebeachandintroducedtosomeoftheirfriendsbythehosts.4.aretendedtobeproducedbydirtylivingconditions.5.isbeingusedasacarpark6.wasseenenteringthehousewithknivesEx.1P221.beingattacked2.beingheldup3.beingincluded4.beingaccepted5.beingtold6.beinghelpedout7.beingtaken8.beingphotographed9.beingswallowed10.beingthrownaboutEx.1P641.beinginvited2.beingkeptwaiting3.beingattacked4.beingaward5.beingshoutedat6.beingtoblamed同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全