现在完成时：现在完成时： 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态。动作或保存的状态。结构：结构： 主语主语+ have / has + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词一般疑问句一般疑问句： have / has ? Yes, I have. No, I havent. Yes, she has. No, she hasnt. 1. 现在完成时动词构成现在完成时动词构成have /has + v 过去分词过去分词助动词助动词否定否定haventhasnt疑问疑问Have you?Has he?常与下列时间状语连用：常与下列时间状语连用：just , already, yet,ever, never, before, several times现在完成时现在完成时1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。和和already，never,ever,just,before,yet等状语连等状语连用。用。2.过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常与常与for或或since引起的一段时间状语连用。引起的一段时间状语连用。动词构成：动词构成：have/has+v过去分词过去分词have breakfastI have just had my breakfast.(现在我不饿现在我不饿)Im not hungry nowmoved herein 2004I still live hereI have lived here for ten years.I have lived here since 2004/ten years ago. nowpast2. 现在完成时动词可以表示开始于过去持续现在完成时动词可以表示开始于过去持续 到现在到现在(也许还会继续进行下去也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态。的动作或状态。1) I have studied English since last year. 我从去年开始学习英语。我从去年开始学习英语。2) She has lived in Beijing for five years. 她住在北京已经五年了。她住在北京已经五年了。注意注意: come, go , leave, arrive, buy, lose, receive, join, die, bury 和和marry 等动词所表示的动作是等动词所表示的动作是一时的一时的, 不能延续的不能延续的, 故不能与故不能与for , since 等开头的表示一段时间的状语连用。不过等开头的表示一段时间的状语连用。不过, 这些这些词用于否定句则可以与表示持续的时间状语连用，词用于否定句则可以与表示持续的时间状语连用，即动作的不发生是可以持续的。即动作的不发生是可以持续的。不能说不能说: *He has come to Beijing for two years. *He has bought that book for three weeks. *He has joined the Army for one and a half years.*His grandma has died for nine months.* I have received his letter for a month.可以说可以说:He has been in Beijing for two years. He has had that book for three weeks. He has been in the army for one and a half years. His grandma has been dead for nine months.I havent received his letter for almost a month.或者说：或者说：It is two years since he came to Beijing. It is three weeks since he bought that book.It is one and a half years since he joined the Army. It is nine months since his grandma died. 现现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来，在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来， 一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身, 与现在与现在 的结果无关。的结果无关。现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上 的区别举例如下：的区别举例如下： I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.) 我已经打扫过我的房间了。我已经打扫过我的房间了。 I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in the past.) 我上周打扫了我的房间。我上周打扫了我的房间。 Father has gone to Amoy. (He went to Amoy and he is not here now.) 爸爸已经去厦门了。爸爸已经去厦门了。 They have bought a dictionary. (They bought a dictionary and they have it now.) 他们买了一本字典。他们买了一本字典。现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：注意注意: 现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语(如如: yesterday, last, year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when she came in 等等)连用连用，但可以和不明确指出时间的状语但可以和不明确指出时间的状语(如如: already, yet, ever, never, sometimes, always, often, before, once, twice, recently, lately等等)连用连用；也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语(如：如：today, this morning, this week, this year等等)连用连用。 ( 1).for+表示表示一段一段时间的短语时间的短语 ( 2).since+表示表示过去时间点过去时间点的词语的词语 ( 3).since+表示过去时间的时间状语表示过去时间的时间状语从句从句eg.I have been a teacher _ a year. He has been at this school _ 1992. We have learned 1,000 English words _ we came to this school.forsincesince现在完成时句中常见的时间状语现在完成时句中常见的时间状语A.表示从过去一直持续到现在表示从过去一直持续到现在, 不能是具体不能是具体 的过去时间。的过去时间。everjustalreadyyete.g. Have you _been to Japan? I have _ finished my homework. I have finished my homework _. I havent finished my homework _.B. just, already, yet, before/ ever, never有此有此类副词时类副词时,常强调动作完成常强调动作完成,不强调动作的持续不强调动作的持续.already “已经已经” ; yet “仍然仍然, 还还” 这两个副词常常用于完成时态这两个副词常常用于完成时态, 其中其中already 常用于肯定句常用于肯定句, yet常用于否定句和疑问句中。常用于否定句和疑问句中。如如: Jim has already finished his work. Jim已经把他的工作做完了。已经把他的工作做完了。Mother hasnt come home yet. 妈妈还没回来。妈妈还没回来。Havent you read The Call of the Wild yet? 你还没读过你还没读过野性的呼唤野性的呼唤吗？吗？She has already finished her work. 她已经把工作做完了。她已经把工作做完了。I havent read the story yet. 我还没读过这个故事。我还没读过这个故事。Have you met him before? 你从前曾见过他吗？你从前曾见过他吗？Lily has always been a good student. Lily一直是个好学生。一直是个好学生。比较：比较：I have seen him this morning .我上午看见他了。我上午看见他了。(说话时在上午说话时在上午)I saw him this morning.今天上午我遇见了他。今天上午我遇见了他。(说话时可能是下午或者晚上说话时可能是下午或者晚上)It has been cold this winter. 今天冬天一直很冷。今天冬天一直很冷。(说话时仍是冬天说话时仍是冬天)改写句子改写句子1.My father came back from the bookshop just now. My father _ just _ _ the book shop.2.He began to learn Chinese in 2001. He _ _ Chinese since 2001.3.The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ since two minutes ago.4.He has had the motorbike for two years. Its two years _he _ the motorbike. He _ the motorbike two years _. Two years _ _ since he _ the motor bike.hasreturned fromhaslearnedhas been on sinceboughtboughtagohas passedbought1. A: Would you like something to drink? B: No, thanks. _ (just/drink some tea)2. A: I heard you lost your key. _? (find) B: No, not yet.3. A: Do you know when Tom is leaving? B:_ . (already/leave)4a. Use the words in brackets to complete the conversations. Ive just drunk some teaHave you found itHe has already left A: When _ ? (leave) B: This morning.4. A: Is your sister going to the movies with us tonight? B: No. _ . (already/see the film)5. A: What do your parents think about our plan?B: I _. (not/tell them/yet)did he leaveShe has already seen the filmhave not told them yetSally_ (love) reading. In the morning, she reads the newspaper and in the evening she reads books. She _ already _ (read) more than 100 different books! Her favorite kind of books is science fiction. She is interested in science and technology and loves to imagine4b. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in brackets.loveshas readwhat the world _ (be) like in 50 years. She _ (finish) reading a book about robots last week and _ (write) a book report about it next week for her French class. Every time she is in the library, Sally looks at the many books she_ (not read) yet and she cant wait to read them!will befinishedwill writehas not read4c. Complete the chart with information about you and a friend.A: What books have you already read?B: Ive already read Tom Sawyer and Harry Potter.A: What do you think of them?B: Well, I think Harry Potter was exciting, but Tom Sawyer was a bit boring.1. I _heard of that story before.1. I _heard of that story before.A. dont have B. not have C. have not D. not to haveA. dont have B. not have C. have not D. not to have2. She s never been to that factory,_?2. She s never been to that factory,_?A. is she B. was she C. does she D. has sheA. is she B. was she C. does she D. has she3. Have you made dumplings_? No, I havent.3. Have you made dumplings_? No, I havent.A. just now B. yesterday C. ago D. beforeA. just now B. yesterday C. ago D. before4. Tom_ ill since last night.4. Tom_ ill since last night. A. was B. is C. has been D. be A. was B. is C. has been D. be5. How long have you_ _ Nanjing?5. How long have you_ _ Nanjing?A. gone to B. been to C .been in D. went to A. gone to B. been to C .been in D. went to CDDCC一一 同义句同义句6. How many times has Jim _that park? Twice.6. How many times has Jim _that park? Twice. A. gone to B. been to C. been in D. went to A. gone to B. been to C. been in D. went to7. Ive_ this dictionary for half a year.7. Ive_ this dictionary for half a year. A. bought B. had C. lended D. borrowed A. bought B. had C. lended D. borrowed8. She wont go to the cinema this evening because she8. She wont go to the cinema this evening because she _the film before. _the film before. A. has seen B. saw C. sees D. is seeing A. has seen B. saw C. sees D. is seeingBBA1. 1. 她成为一名护士已经三年了。她成为一名护士已经三年了。2. 2. 我五年前就认识李雷了。我五年前就认识李雷了。3. 3. 那些相片我已经寄给他了。（那些相片我已经寄给他了。（postpost）4. 4. 我来到这个学校后，他就一直教我。我来到这个学校后，他就一直教我。5. 5. 我刚丢了我的历史书。我刚丢了我的历史书。She has been a nurse for three years.I have known Lilei since five years ago. I have already posted the photos to him.He has taught me since I came to the school.I have just lost my history book.二二 翻译翻译1.I borrowed the library book two days ago.1.I borrowed the library book two days ago. I _ _the library book_ two days. I _ _the library book_ two days.2.The meeting started ten minutes ago.2.The meeting started ten minutes ago.A. The meeting_ _ _ A. The meeting_ _ _ _ten minutes ago._ten minutes ago.B. The meeting_ _ _ B. The meeting_ _ _ _ten minutes._ten minutes.have kepthave keptforforhas been onhas been onhas been onhas been onsincefor三三 同义句同义句3.My brother joined the Party last year.3.My brother joined the Party last year. A. My brother _ _ A. My brother _ _ _the Party since last year._the Party since last year. B. My brother_ _ _ B. My brother_ _ _ party member since last year.party member since last year.4.He left Nanjing two years ago.4.He left Nanjing two years ago. He_ _ _ _ He_ _ _ _Nanjing for two years. Nanjing for two years. has been has been ininhas been ahas been ahas been away fromhas been away from5. That dog died last month.5. That dog died last month. That dog_ _ _since last month. That dog_ _ _since last month.6. He has had the bike for two years.6. He has had the bike for two years. A. Two years_ _since he _the bike. A. Two years_ _since he _the bike. B. Its _ _since he_ the bike. B. Its _ _since he_ the bike. C. He _the bike two years_. C. He _the bike two years_.has been deadhas been deadhas passedhas passedboughtboughttwo years boughttwo years boughtbought agobought ago