Section Grammar & Writing定语从句定语从句()关系副词和关系副词和“介词关系代词介词关系代词”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句一、关系副词引导的定语从句一、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副关系副词用法用法whenin/at/on which在从句中作在从句中作时间状状语，先行，先行词为表示表示时间的名的名词，如，如time，day，year等等wherein/at/on which在从句中作地点状在从句中作地点状语，先行，先行词为表示地点的名表示地点的名词，如，如place，house，school，company等等whyfor which在从句中作原因状在从句中作原因状语，先行，先行词为表示原因的名表示原因的名词，如，如reasonIll never forget the time when(on which) we worked on the farm.我将永远不忘我们在农场共同工我将永远不忘我们在农场共同工作的时光。作的时光。Do you still remember the afternoon when(in which) we first met three years ago?你还记得三年前我们第一次相见的那个下午吗？你还记得三年前我们第一次相见的那个下午吗？The hotel where ( at which) we stayed was very clean.我们住的那个旅馆很干净。我们住的那个旅馆很干净。Shanghai is the place where(in which) she was born.上海是她的出生地。上海是她的出生地。The reason why(for which) we dont trust him is that he often lies.我们不信任他的原因是他经常说谎。我们不信任他的原因是他经常说谎。The reason why (for which) he was late was that he missed his train.他迟到的原因是错过了火车。他迟到的原因是错过了火车。1关系副词和关系代词的判断方法关系副词和关系代词的判断方法关系副词和关系代词的选择是根据先行词在定语从句关系副词和关系代词的选择是根据先行词在定语从句中所作的成分而定的。若是作状语，用关系副词或中所作的成分而定的。若是作状语，用关系副词或“介词介词which”；若是作主语或宾语，则用关系代词。；若是作主语或宾语，则用关系代词。Ill never forget the days (that/which) I spent with my teacher.(关系代词关系代词that/which作作spent的宾语的宾语)我永远也忘不了我同老师一起度过的日子。我永远也忘不了我同老师一起度过的日子。Ill never forget the days when I played with you.(关系副词关系副词when在从句中作状语在从句中作状语)我决不会忘记和你一起玩耍的日子。我决不会忘记和你一起玩耍的日子。The factory (that/which) we visited yesterday was built last year.(关系代词关系代词that/which作作visited的宾语的宾语)昨天我们参观的工厂是去年建成的。昨天我们参观的工厂是去年建成的。The factory where he works was built last year.(关系副词关系副词where在从句中作状语在从句中作状语)他工作的那家工厂是去年建成的。他工作的那家工厂是去年建成的。This is the reason (that/which) she gave me for doing it.(关系代词关系代词that/which作作gave的宾语的宾语)这是她讲给我做这件事的理由。这是她讲给我做这件事的理由。Do you know the reason why he came late？(关系关系代词代词why在从句中作状语在从句中作状语)你知道他迟到的原因吗你知道他迟到的原因吗？2一些特殊词之后的一些特殊词之后的wherewhere引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况：如果定语从句示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况：如果定语从句分别修饰分别修饰point，situation，part，condition，stage和和case等表示抽象意义的词，也常用等表示抽象意义的词，也常用where引导，意思是引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。Ive come to the point where I cant stand him.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。的局势中。3reason后定语从句的引导词后定语从句的引导词先行词先行词reason之后的定语从句并非总是由关系副词之后的定语从句并非总是由关系副词why引导，当从句中缺少宾语或主语的时候，关系词引导，当从句中缺少宾语或主语的时候，关系词要使用代词要使用代词that或或which。Is this the reason that he explained for his carelessness in his work？这就是他为工作中的粗心大意所解释的？这就是他为工作中的粗心大意所解释的理由吗？理由吗？4way作先行词，其定语从句的引导词通常有三种形作先行词，其定语从句的引导词通常有三种形式式that，in which或省略。或省略。 I dont like the way that/in which/()she speaks.我不喜欢她讲话的方式。我不喜欢她讲话的方式。二、二、“介词关系代词介词关系代词”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句类型及注意事型及注意事项例句例句介介词whichThe school in which he once studied is very famous.他曾他曾经就就读过的学的学校很有名。校很有名。介介词whomThis is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday.这是昨天跟我打网球的男是昨天跟我打网球的男孩。孩。含有介含有介词的的固定短固定短语一一般不拆开，般不拆开，仍放在仍放在动词短短语的后面。的后面。例如：例如：look for，look after，take care of等等This is the watch (which/ that) I am looking for.(正正)这就是我正在找的手表。就是我正在找的手表。This is the watch for which I am looking.(误)The babies whom the nurses are looking after are healthy.(正正)护士士们照料的照料的婴儿很健康。儿很健康。The babies after whom the nurses are looking are healthy.(误)who和和that不能作介不能作介词的的宾语，介介词后关后关系代系代词只只能用能用whom (指人指人)，which(指物指物)和和whose(所有格，所有格，既指人也既指人也指物指物)The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.(正正)你你刚才跟他才跟他谈话的那个人是我的的那个人是我的邻居。居。The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbour.(误)The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.(正正)我我们去加拿大所乘的去加拿大所乘的飞机确机确实很很舒服。舒服。The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.(误)注意注意： 使用使用“介词关系代词介词关系代词”引导定语从句时，选引导定语从句时，选择介词的方法择介词的方法根据动词与介词的搭配。根据动词与介词的搭配。The dictionary on which he spent 119 yuan was published in Beijing.他花他花119元买的词典是在北京出版元买的词典是在北京出版的。的。根据形容词与介词的搭配。根据形容词与介词的搭配。The student to whom I want to be grateful is Tom.我想感谢的那个学生是汤姆。我想感谢的那个学生是汤姆。根据名词与介词的搭配。根据名词与介词的搭配。I dont like the way in which he talks.我不喜欢他说话的那种方式。我不喜欢他说话的那种方式。根据从句的意义来确定介词。根据从句的意义来确定介词。My computer，without which I cant play computer games，crashed yesterday.昨天我的电脑系统瘫痪了，没有它我不能玩电昨天我的电脑系统瘫痪了，没有它我不能玩电脑游戏。脑游戏。.用关系代词、关系副词或介词关系代词完成用关系代词、关系副词或介词关系代词完成下列句子下列句子1This is the hero_we are proud.答案：答案：of whom2The hotel_he stayed with his father for one night is a fivestar hotel.答案：答案：where/in which3That was the pen_he wrote the letter.答案：答案： with which4The years _they stayed in the countryside were a good experience for them.答案：答案： when/in which/during which5Great changes have taken place in the school_we studied twenty years ago.答案：答案： where/in which/at which6Do you know the man_I shook hands just now?答案：答案： with whom7The book_I got a lot of useful information was written by a famous scientist.答案：答案： from which8The reason_he left his home was that he wanted to find a good job in the city.答案：答案： why/for which9This is the place_he works.This is the place_we visited last year.答案：答案： where；that/which10That was the time_he arrived.Do you still remember the days_we spent together?答案：答案： when；that/which11This is the reason_he went.The reason _he gave us was quite reasonable.答案：答案： why；that/which12His father works in a factory_radio parts are made.His father works in a factory_makes radio parts.答案：答案： where；that/which.单项填空单项填空1After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town_he grew up as a child.AwhichBwhereCthat Dwhen解析：解析：先行词先行词town为地点名词，定语从句缺少为地点名词，定语从句缺少地点状语，故用地点状语，故用where。答案：答案：B2_is mentioned above，the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.AWhich BAsCThat DIt解析：解析：as引导定语从句，修饰其后面的整个句子。引导定语从句，修饰其后面的整个句子。答案：答案：B3There are many things in different areas_we can do to reduce the possible dangers of AIDS.Awhere BthereCwhat Dthat解析：解析：这是分隔式定语从句，先行词是这是分隔式定语从句，先行词是things，that引导的定语从句被引导的定语从句被in different areas分开，分开，that在从句在从句中作中作do的宾语。的宾语。答案：答案：D4Do you still remember the day_we first met?Athat Bwhen Cwhat Don that解析：解析：the day作先行词，定语从句中缺时间状语，作先行词，定语从句中缺时间状语，故选故选B。答案：答案：B5The noise from the karaoke hall is coming to a point_we cant put up with it .Athat Bwhere Cwhen Dwhy解析：解析：先行词为先行词为a point表示表示“抽象地点抽象地点”，故用，故用where引导定语从句。句意为：从卡拉引导定语从句。句意为：从卡拉OK大厅传大厅传出的噪音已经达到我们无法忍受的地步。出的噪音已经达到我们无法忍受的地步。答案：答案：B6The engineer_my father works is about 60 years old.Ato whom Bon whomCwith which Dwith whom解析：解析：句意为：和我爸爸一块工作的那个工程师大句意为：和我爸爸一块工作的那个工程师大约约60岁了。岁了。work with sb.和某人一块工作。和某人一块工作。答案：答案：D7The reason_Im writing to you is to tell you about a party on Saturday.Abecause BwhyChow Dwhich解析：解析：先行词为表示原因的先行词为表示原因的reason，定语从句中主、，定语从句中主、谓、宾俱全，缺少的是状语，故只能选关系副词谓、宾俱全，缺少的是状语，故只能选关系副词why。答案：答案：B8He has two sons，_work as chemists.Atwo of whom Bboth of whomCboth of which Dall of whom解析：解析：先行词是两个人，他们中的两个习惯上用先行词是两个人，他们中的两个习惯上用both of.关系词指代人且作关系词指代人且作of的宾语，故用的宾语，故用whom。答案：答案：B9He is a man of great experience，_ much can be learned.Awho BthatCfrom which Dfrom whom解析：解析：先行词是先行词是a man，learn from sb.“从某人那里从某人那里可以学到可以学到”。故选。故选D。答案：答案：D10There are several research centers in China_a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied.Awhich BwhereCwhen Dwhat解析：解析：因为先行词是因为先行词是research centers并在定并在定语从句中作状语，所以用语从句中作状语，所以用where。答案：答案：B11The English play_my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.Afor which Bat whichCin which Don which解析：解析：定语从句的正常语序为定语从句的正常语序为my students acted in the English play，此处将介词提前了，此处将介词提前了，故选故选C。答案：答案：C12Carol said the work would be done by October，_personally I doubt very much.Ait BthatCwhen Dwhich解析：解析：which引导定语从句，修饰前面整个句子。引导定语从句，修饰前面整个句子。答案：答案：D13Ill never forget the days_I stayed in your beautiful country.Awhen BwhereCon which Dthat解析：解析：本题题干是一个含定语从句的复合句，本题题干是一个含定语从句的复合句，先行词为表示时间的名词先行词为表示时间的名词the days，又因定语从，又因定语从句中的句中的stay为不及物动词，故应选关系副词为不及物动词，故应选关系副词when，when在定语从句中作状语。也可用在定语从句中作状语。也可用“inwhich”来引导该定语从句。来引导该定语从句。答案：答案：A14May the fourth is the day_we Chinese people will never forget.Awhich Bwhen Con which Dabout which解析：解析：the day作先行词尽管指时间，但在定语从句作先行词尽管指时间，但在定语从句中作中作forget的宾语，故选的宾语，故选A。答案：答案：A15We are living in an age_everything is changing rapidly.Awhich BthatCin that Dwhen解析：解析：when引导的定语从句，在从句中作状语。引导的定语从句，在从句中作状语。答案：答案：D描述一位名人描述一位名人一、题目要求一、题目要求请你根据提示，用英语写一篇关于著名科学家请你根据提示，用英语写一篇关于著名科学家钱学森的简介。钱学森，钱学森的简介。钱学森，1911年生于上海。年生于上海。1935年赴美留学，成绩优异，受到当时的著名年赴美留学，成绩优异，受到当时的著名科学家冯科学家冯卡门卡门(Von Karman)的赞誉；的赞誉；1938年年在美国获航空、数学博士学位；在美国获航空、数学博士学位；1950年获悉新中国成立的消息，克服了美国政年获悉新中国成立的消息，克服了美国政府的百般阻挠，于府的百般阻挠，于1955年回到祖国；年回到祖国；1958年起年起长期担任航空航天研究工作，为新中国的航天长期担任航空航天研究工作，为新中国的航天事业做出巨大的贡献，被誉为事业做出巨大的贡献，被誉为“新中国航天之新中国航天之父父”；2008年，被评为年，被评为“2007年度感动中国人年度感动中国人物物”；2009年于北京去世。年于北京去世。注意：注意：1.词数：词数：100左右；左右；2内容要适当发挥，注意行文连贯；内容要适当发挥，注意行文连贯；3题目和开头已给出，不计入总词数；题目和开头已给出，不计入总词数；4参考词汇：航天航空科学技术参考词汇：航天航空科学技术aerospace science and technology；感动中国年度人物；感动中国年度人物People Who Moved China in 2007Qian Xuesen，regarded as the father of Chinas space program，_二、关键词语二、关键词语中国航天之中国航天之父父the father of Chinas space program 做出巨大做出巨大贡献献contribute a lot to赴美留学赴美留学go to America for further study中国的航天中国的航天事事业the cause of Chinas aerospace受到受到赞誉誉be thought highly of被誉被誉为be honoured as获得博士学得博士学位位obtain the doctors degree投入投入be devoted to三、连词成句三、连词成句1钱学森，被认为是中国航天之父，于钱学森，被认为是中国航天之父，于1911年生于上年生于上海。海。Qian Xuesen，regarded as the father of Chinas space program，was born in 1911 in Shanghai.21935年赴美留学，成绩优异，受到当时的著名科年赴美留学，成绩优异，受到当时的著名科学家冯学家冯卡门卡门(Von Karman)的赞誉。的赞誉。In 1935，Qian went to America for further study and was thought highly of by Von Karman because of his great achievements.31938年在美国获得航空、数学博士。年在美国获得航空、数学博士。In 1938，he obtained his doctors degree in aerospace science and mathematics in the US.41950年获悉新中国成立的消息，并于年获悉新中国成立的消息，并于1955年回到年回到祖国全身心地投入到中国的航天事业并作出巨大贡献。祖国全身心地投入到中国的航天事业并作出巨大贡献。In 1950，he heard New China had been founded and succeeded in coming back to his homeland in 1955.Since then he had been devoted to aerospace science and contributed a lot to the cause of Chinas aerospace.四、构思谋篇四、构思谋篇同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全同学们来学校和回家的路上要注意安全